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PubMed1995

Transitions in functional status and active life expectancy among older people in Japan.

This study analyzes the patterns and determinants of the transitions in functional status among elderly Japanese persons. Data for this research came from a two-wave national probability sample survey of persons aged 60 and over conducted between 1987 and 1990 in Japan. The study focuses on the transitions from two states of origin, "not disable" and "disabled," to three states of destination, "not disabled," "disabled," and "dead." Through multinomial logit analyses, the effects of sociodemographic factors, social relationships, health, and health behavior on transitions in functional status were examined. To assess the impact of panel attrition, the risk of nonresponse was analyzed in conjunction with health transition within the same framework. Finally, an increment-decrement active life table for Japanese elderly people was derived on the basis of the multivariate analyses. According to the life table, a Japanese older person at age 60 is expected to spend about 18.7 years (81%) in functional independence and about 4.4 years (19%) in disability throughout his or her remaining lifetime.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Sustainable development and quality of life: expected effects of prospective changes in economic and environmental conditions.

In the context of "sustainable development", we studied which attributes are important to people's quality of life (QoL) and which changes in QoL people would expect from future economic and environmental improvements or deteriorations. About 200 adult subjects evaluated the relative importance of 22 different QoL attributes. They subsequently indicated expected changes in those attributes, under three different scenarios in which economic and environmental conditions would either improve or deteriorate. On average, subjects judged the QoL attributes "healthy", "family", "environmental quality", "nature" and "safety" to be most important, while "recognition", "comfort", "status" and "spiritual life" were found least important. The most important QoL attributes as well as "security" were judged as more important by women than by men. Also observed were income and age effects on relative attribute importance. Our (Dutch) subjects expected significant and varied negative QoL changes from an environmental-deterioration scenario involving either an improved or a deteriorated economy. In contrast, they had mixed positive-negative QoL expectations about environmental improvement combined with economic deterioration. Subjects high in environmental concern assigned greater weight to "environmental" QoL attributes, and they expected environmental improvement versus deterioration to more strongly affect their QoL-attributes "environmental quality", "nature", "health" and "unity with nature", than did subjects low in environmental concern. We conclude that quality of life can be meaningfully conceived as a multi-attribute value concept, useful for assessing the expected effects of future economic and environmental conditions. Suggestions are given for methodological improvement and for further research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Life expectancy after colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis for familial adenomatous polyposis.

PURPOSE: Despite the introduction of screening, surveillance, and prophylactic colectomy surgery, patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are at risk of dying from other malignancies. METHODS: In order to quantify this risk and identify the causes of mortality, a retrospective life table analysis was performed on 222 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis who had undergone a total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis between 1948 and 1990. These FAP patients were compared with an age- and sex-matched group of the general population and a relative risk of dying was calculated. RESULTS: Of 222 patients, 53 have died. In a matched group of the general population the expected number of deaths would be 15.8. The relative risk of dying is therefore 3.35. There has been no significant improvement with time and the relative risk is greatest for female patients. CONCLUSION: The three main causes of mortality are upper gastrointestinal malignancy, desmoid disease, and perioperative complications. Further research should therefore be aimed at prevention and improved treatment of these in order to improve survival.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1993

Differences in expectation of life between Glasgow and Edinburgh. Implications for health policy in Scotland.

Inequality in health is not a minor issue confined to small areas, but a major feature of contemporary Scotland and a massive public health problem. Comparison of mortality rates in Glasgow and Edinburgh is instructive, not only because of the large current difference in mortality rates between the cities, but also because the availability of data for both cities for most of this century provides an opportunity to view current differences from a historical perspective. This shows that current large differences in disease-specific mortality rates are part of a broader pattern of earlier death from all causes which has been established at least by the age of 25 in successive generations. Whether and how this pattern may be reversed and prevented deserves urgent discussion and debate. In the meantime, differences in life expectancy between sections of the Scottish population should be included as part of routine health monitoring. Reduction in differences in life expectancy should also become a national health target.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Mutation of Indy(p115) increases the life expectancy of imago of Drosophila melanogaster depending on sex and genetic background].

The Indyp115 allele in heterozygous state almost doubles the life span of adult Drosophila melanogaster, and this effect largely depends on the strain used for obtaining heterozygotes. Male and female life span depends on Indyp115 to a different degree. Apart from Indyp115 heterozygotes, sexual dimorphism for life span was also observed in strain Hikone-AW, but not in OregonR and TM3 balancer. In heterozygotes Indyp115/OR, both the average life span and female reproductive period increased as compared to OR control. No substantial increase in female reproductive period in Indyp115/Hk heterozygotes was found. In homozygotes for allele Indyp115, we have previously revealed two phases of embryotic lethality and lethality at the larval and pupa stages. Thus, allele Indyp115 has a double and opposite effect on Drosophila viability. On the one hand, it extends the life span of adult flies, on the other, decreases survival at preimaginal stages.

Alleles↗
PubMed1990

Posttransplant quality of life expectations.

This descriptive exploratory study with 57 renal transplant recipients employed a structured interview guide to determine where patients heard about transplantation, what knowledge they had about transplantation, and why they chose to have a transplant. Nearly half the patients heard about transplantation from their physician and a fourth from their dialysis nurse. Patients had little comprehensive knowledge about transplantation, and most patients indicated transplantation was chosen merely to get off dialysis. The interview also sought to determine what expectations transplant recipients and their nurses had for the patients post-transplant quality of life. Both patients and nurses viewed transplantation as creating many more favorable quality of life changes as opposed to negative changes, however, the nurses anticipated significantly more positive as well as negative changes than did the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Expectation of life at birth, for India and major states, 1976-80.

Data are presented on life expectancy by sex for India and its constituent states for 1976-1980 using data from the Sample Registration System. "There is a wide variation among states in the expectation of life at birth. Uttar Pradesh has the lowest and Kerala has the highest expectation of life at birth. Within a state, the expectation of life at birth is higher for urban areas than for rural areas. Also the male expectation of life at birth is generally higher than female expectation in rural areas. However, the pattern is reversed in urban areas."

Asia↗
PubMed1985

Survival and expectation of life from the 1400's to the present. A study of the Knighthood Order of the Golden Fleece.

The author used standard methods for the analysis of retrospective cohort studies, to investigate survival and life expectancy at age 25 years and older in 1,282 European noblemen who had been members of the Knighthood Order of the Golden Fleece between its foundation in 1430 and the early 1960's. This experience was compared with figures published for British peerage families since the 1600's and with Dutch population figures of the 1980's. For all ages, there was a gradual increase in survival and life expectancy from the 1700's onward, continuing until the present.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Life expectancy in thyroid cancer in youth. Report on experiences with 28 cases].

28 cases of juvenile struma maligna are reported. One case, followed for 31 years, finally died as the only one out of this number. Since her 21st year of life multiple pulmonary metastases were known. This patient did well till her day of death and refused all therapy. She died because of general metastatic spread. No change of tumour's histology was observed. In case of thyroid carcinoma, pulmonary and bone metastases are frequent, whereas cerebral metastases are rare. Out of an autopsy material of 83 thyroid carcinomas, according to Walther, 77 patients showed pulmonary and bone metastases, but only 7 cerebral ones. It is pointed out that the thyroid carcinoma of the youth has a chronic course of the disease in spite of pulmonary metastases. This is a peculiar nature of this malignancy contrary to other carcinomas occurring in the young.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Life expectancy projection benchmarks: a how-to guide for medical equipment replacement programs.

This document provides clinical engineers, facility managers and hospital administrators a how-to guide for establishing a medical equipment replacement program based on the equipment's projected useful life after procurement and installation. This will allow managers a benchmark for establishing realistic budgets and plans for the phase-in of replacement medical equipment.

Equipment Failure↗
PubMed1998

Life expectancy and cost utility after total hip replacement.

In a prospective study of 410 cemented hip replacements in 372 patients with a mean age of 71 years, mortality after 8 years was 33%. Mortality for patients with osteoarthrosis was lower than in an age matched control population, probably because of a preoperative selection of patients. An estimate of costs and adjusted quality of life has shown that total hip replacement has a good cost utility even in the elderly patient. The conclusion of this study is that the indications for hip replacement in the elderly patient can be expanded. Such patients should undergo surgery earlier in the course of their disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Population kinetics of precursors of IL 2-producing peripheral T lymphocytes: evidence for short life expectancy, continuous renewal, and post-thymic expansion.

The fate of spleen T cell populations able to produce IL 2 after stimulation with Con A (IL 2p) was evaluated at different times after injection into IL 2p-deficient, syngeneic nude recipients. Precise enumeration of transferred cell populations in recipient organs was performed by limiting dilution analysis. The results obtained confirm previous findings on the short life-span of IL 2p cells. They also demonstrate that: the transferred populations containing IL 2p were capable of continuous renewal and expansion in the host; IL 2p cell expansion, a transient event that takes place predominantly in lymph nodes, is much reduced when injected cells are depleted of recent thymus migrants; in steady-state conditions, IL 2p T cells do not lose their self-renewal ability and maintain population sizes by continuous cell production and death in peripheral pools. The self-renewal capacity, the expansion potential of peripheral IL 2p T cells and, in particular, of recent thymus migrants may allow extensive post-thymic modulation of peripheral T cell specificities, suggesting that post-thymic selection may have a major role in the establishment of the available and actual mature IL 2p T cell repertoire.

Animals↗