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Results for “LABYRINTH DISEASES”

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At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Diagnostic potential of CT in neurotological disorders.

The reliability of a neurotological evaluation in differentiating labyrinthine (end organ) lesions from retrolabyrinthine lesions has been well established. The purpose of this communication is to determine the diagnostic potential of computed tomography (CT) in patients suspected of having retrolabyrinthine lesions on the basis of their neurotological evaluations. Our study indicates that the validity of central vestibular and audiometric signs can be best substantiated with CT. The anatomy of neurovascular bundles within the internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine cistern can be readily visualized and identified by CT pneumocisternomeatography. By obtaining appropriate thin CT sections not only can very small lesions be identified but their anatomic locations can also be accurately established. CT pneumocisternomeatography is the method of choice to diagnose an intracanalicular acoustic neuroma. An unusually large vascular loop of the internal auditory canal may be responsible for sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus in some patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Clinical diagnosis of immune inner-ear disease.

The purpose of this study was to develop a high-risk clinical profile of patients with autoimmune (immune-mediated) inner-ear disease. The records of 52 patients diagnosed over the past 5 years were reviewed. Age, sex, bilateral versus unilateral involvement, otologic symptoms, concomitant systemic immune disease, and presenting clinical diagnoses were recorded. The presenting diagnoses were Cogan's syndrome, Meniere's syndrome, Dandy's syndrome without hearing loss, or progressive sensorineural hearing loss without dizziness. Because Cogan's and Dandy's syndromes were relatively uncommon, the typical high-risk clinical profile was a middle-aged patient (often female) with bilateral, asymmetric, progressive sensorineural hearing loss, with or without dizziness, and occasional systemic immune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis. When a more common clinical diagnosis cannot be reached in suspicious patients, immune laboratory tests should be obtained and a trial of immunotherapy offered. Positive test results and beneficial response to therapy support a presumptive diagnosis of immune inner-ear disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of physical exercise prelabyrinthectomy on locomotor balance compensation in the squirrel monkey.

This study examines the effectiveness of physical exercise, during a prepathology state, on locomotor balance compensation after subsequent unilateral labyrinthectomy in squirrel monkeys. An experimental group underwent 3 hr. of daily running exercise on a treadmill for 3 mo. prior to the surgery, whereas a control group was not exercised. Postoperatively, the locomotor balance function of both groups was tested for 3 mo. There was no significant difference in gait deviation counts in the acute phase of compensation. However, in the chronic compensation maintenance phase, the number of gait deviation counts was fewer in the exercise group, which showed significantly better performance stability.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Directional preponderance, 1942-1974. A review.

The subject reviewed is the phenomenon of Directional Preponderance (DP), a term first proposed in 1942 by Fitzgerald & Hallpike for an abnormality in the pattern of the caloric responses found to occur in association with a variety of unilateral lesions, both central and peripheral, of the vestibular system. On the basis of observations carried out upon a series of human subjects, Fitzgerald, Hallpike & Cawthorne (1942) argued that the DP towards the unaffected labyrinth which follows unilateral labyrinthectomy is subserved in part by a unilateral loss of utricular function--a utricular paresis. Support for the utricular paresis hypothesis, as developed in the course of subsequent studies by Hallpike and his co-workers is thought to be provided by a substantial body of evidence, both clinical and experimental, which has since become available. This is reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of imbalance of the vestibulo-spinal reflex by "the circular walking test".

A sensitive method of demonstrating latent imbalance of labyrinthine function was devised. The subject was asked to walk at his or her usual speed with eyes closed in a circle 2 m in diameter. This test was done by 22 patients whose vestibular function as tested by the Romberg, Mann, Fukuda and Babinski-Weil's methods had become normal after an attack of vertigo due to unilateral vestibular disorder. Eighteen patients complained of difficulty in walking while turning toward the affected side, and 11 tended to fall to the inside of the circle. Turning in the opposite direction, however, was performed without any difficulty. It was thought that disorders of the cristospinal reflex became manifest during circular walking toward the affected side. The body is inclined to the inner side of circular walking. Endolymph flows toward the ampulla of the lateral semicircular canal on the same side as turning. This would exert a facilitatory action on extensor neurons and give the ipsilateral leg assistance for supporting the body's weight which shifts to the centre of the circle. Disorders of the cristospinal reflex would cause difficulty in circular walking toward the affected side.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Audiological and vestibulo-oculomotor findings in workers exposed to solvents and jet fuel.

Three groups of subjects with long-term (5-41 years) occupational exposure to industrial solvents have been evaluated with extensive audiological and vestibular test batteries. Group A comprised 16 subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of psycho-organic syndrome (POS), while group B consisted of 7 subjects with suspected POS. Both groups had been exposed to mixtures of aliphatic and aromatic solvents. Eight subjects with long-term exposure to jet fuel constituted group C. In the audiological test battery, discrimination of interrupted speech and evoked cortical potentials in response to frequency glides were the tests that yielded significantly abnormal results. In the vestibular test battery, considerable pathology was seen in electronystagmography, and in addition, visual suppression test and saccade test indicated CNS disturbance. In general, when a test yielded pathological results, the incidence of pathology was highest in group A and lowest in group C.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Excessive postrotary nystagmus duration in learning-disabled children.

The Southern California Sensory Integration Test results of 109 learning-disabled children were reviewed and analyzed to investigate the hypothesis that learning-disabled children with excessive postrotary nystagmus durations display greater neuropsychological impairment than learning-disabled children with normal or depressed postrotary nystagmus. The findings supported the hypothesis that learning-disabled children judged to have relatively greater neuropsychological involvement exhibited significantly longer postrotary nystagmus durations. Data analysis revealed that six Southern California Sensory Integration Tests assumed to measure cortical level functions shared significant variance with excessive Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test (SCPNT) scores. A similar relationship was not found for normal or depressed SCPNT scores. A connection between cortical level versus brain-stem level central nervous system dysfunction, nystagmus, and learning disorder is discussed.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Genesis of vestibulo-autonomic disorders in space flight].

Some considerations on the mechanisms of vestibulo-vegetative disturbance in space flight are given on the basis of clinical observations, experience of otoneurological clinic, simulation experiments and examinations of cosmonauts. The starting point in these disturbances was a significant fact of blood redistribution in weightlessness and subsequent changes in hemodynamics, metabolism, etc. The body reactions to weightlessness seem to prepare pronounced vestibulo-vegetative reflexes to threshold and subthreshold vestibular stimuli induced by head and body movements in flight. Some aspects of the vestibular selection and training of cosmonauts are discussed from this point of view.

Autonomic Nervous System↗
PubMed1975

[Pitfalls and dangers of hearing aids].

In a general study devoted to the dangers and disasters connected with hearing appliances for the deaf, the author reviews the minor disadvantages of hearing aids, the technical incidents, the complications affecting the external ear, stresses and accidents caused by labyrinthine intolerance and discusses the possible effect on cochlear reserve of the continual use of a prosthesis both in children and adults.

Ear Diseases↗
PubMed1978

Vertigo after head injury--a five year follow-up.

Three hundred and twenty-one head injury patients investigated at the Workmen's Compensation Board Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre were studied. The patients were classified into two groups, minor and moderate according to the duration of post-traumatic amnesia. Post-traumatic vertigo was a significant symptom in 34 per cent and 50 per cent of the minor and moderate groups respectively. Based on the findings of full otoneurologic and vestibular examination, objective vestibular disorder was noted in 40 per cent and 65 per cent of the two vertiginous groups respectively. An approach to the interpretation of vestibular and oculomotor abnormalities is outlined in order to assign a peripheral (end organ or nerve), central (brainstem or cerebellar) or undertermined localization. Hearing loss occurred in 20 per cent of the minor and 72 per cent of th e moderate head injury patients tested. A five-year post head injury follow-up was available with respect to recovery of vertigo and work rehabilitation. The results of this follow-up are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Inner ear morphology of experimental perilymphatic fistula.

The inner ear pathology of experimental perilymphatic fistula (EPLF) is described. EPLF was produced by injecting artificial perilymph into the subarachnoid space, or by suctioning 4 microL of perilymph through one of the round window membranes of the guinea pig. The animals were either killed immediately, or were kept alive for 3 weeks to 3 months. The conventional celloidin embedding method was employed for morphologic study. Vestibular function of the animals was tested by observing spontaneous nystagmus and positional nystagmus after the experiment. The caloric test was also performed. Various pathologic changes of the membranous labyrinth were observed. In the cochlea these included rupture or collapse of Reissner's membrane, bulging of Reissner's membrane, loss of hair cells, and compression of the organ of Corti. Pathology of the otolithic organs and semicircular canals mainly consisted of collapse of the membranous labyrinth. Clinical symptoms in patients with perilymphatic fistula (PLF) are explained, based on our experimental findings. Electronystagmography (ENG) of EPLF animals showed either no caloric response or, with a longer duration, caloric irregularity. Prolonged unsteadiness in patients may be due to "floating" labyrinth.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The clinical utility of ipsilateral stapedius reflex tests.

Ipsilateral stapedius reflex testing has been evaluated in 166 patients. It proves of value in defining the state of an ear (1) opposite to a unilateral conductive loss; (2) the less hard-of-hearing ear in the presence of bilateral asymmetrical sensorineural hearing losses where the worse ear has sufficiently severe loss to prevent a contralateral reflex from being elicited; (3) in patients with absent contralateral acoustic reflexes at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz; and (4) in suspected central lesions. The test is still bedevilled by artifacts which are produced in the ear rather than the machine; atypical results must be evaluated with extreme caution.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗