SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Hyperthyroidism”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

201Tl scintigraphy does not allow visualization of the thyroid in euthyroid and hyperthyroid patients treated with amiodarone.

A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of thallium scintigraphy for visualization of thyroid morphology and function. Moreover, applying absolute quantitation, we wished to confirm the qualitatively reduced 99Tc(m) uptake reported by Wiersinga et al. in both euthyroid and hyperthyroid patients treated with amiodarone. Over a period of 2 years (1995-96), 10 patients (group A; 2 females, 8 males, mean age 68.6 years, range 61-74 years) receiving amiodarone treatment for cardiac arrhythmias for at least 4 months were referred for exploration of either hyperthyroidism (n = 4) or for exclusion of parathyroid adenoma (n = 6). During the same period, 17 patients (group B; 10 females, 7 males, mean age 62 years, range 19-91 years) referred for Tc-Tl subtraction scintigraphy, and in whom follow-up revealed no thyroid or parathyroid pathology, were used as controls. In all patients, thyroid status was assessed by thyroid function tests. 201Tl and 99Tc(m) uptake was calculated as a percentage of the injected dose, taking account of net injected counts and background and isotope decay correction. Original images were scored using a 2-point scoring system (0 = poor, 1 = fair or good). Uptake of both 99Tc(m) and 201Tl was significantly reduced in group A (99Tc[m]: 0.16 +/- 0.21%; 201Tl: 0.30 +/- 0.21%; mean +/- S.D.) compared to group B (99Tc[m]: 1.58 +/- 1.07%; 201Tl: 0.72 +/- 0.37%) (P < 0.005). The mean relative reduction in 99Tc(m) uptake was more pronounced (90% decrease) than that of 201Tl (58% decrease). In group A, the 99Tc(m) and 201Tl image quality was poor in 10 of 10 and 8 of 10 patients respectively. In group B, the 99Tc(m) and 201Tl image quality was poor in 3 of 17 and 4 of 17 patients respectively. The decreased uptake of 201Tl may reflect the inhibitory effect of iodides on adenyl cyclase and its stimulation by TSH. In conclusion, the data presented confirm the qualitatively reduced pertechnetate uptake reported by Wiersinga et al. Furthermore, 201Tl uptake by the thyroid in euthyroid or hyperthyroid patients treated with amiodarone is also reduced. Although quantitatively less pronounced, it does not allow proper visualization of the thyroid.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Hyperthyroidism and medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.

Unsuspected, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid was found on microscopic examination of thyroid tissue removed for treatment of hyperthyroidism in a 30-year-old woman. Preoperatively, the hyperthyroidism was attributed to Graves' disease, even though the patient had no pretibial myxedema or ophthalmic signs of Graves' disease. The possibility that the hyperthyroidism was secondary to a "thyroid stimulator" produced by the medullary carcinoma is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Management of multiple-antibody-mediated hyperthyroidism in children with Down's syndrome.

During a period of 7 years at our institution, four girls and one boy with Down's syndrome, ages 9 to 16 years, were examined and treated for hyperthyroidism. Two patients had Graves' disease and they responded to propylthiouracil (PTU) with a predictable clinical course resulting in remission within 4 years. The remaining three patients included in this report had hyperthyroid profiles similar to those of the two with Graves' disease except for their antibody panels. These patients, in addition to the elevated thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) level observed in Graves' disease, also had significantly elevated antimicrosomal antibody (AMA) and antithyroglobulin antibody (ATGA) at the time of diagnosis. Elevated TSI level was again present in two patients who had a recurrence of hyperthyroidism after PTU therapy was discontinued. Treatment of these three patients was best done with the continuation of PTU therapy at a lower dose and the addition of thyroxine as soon as mild hypothyroidism developed. Treatment with PTU and thyroxine was continued until the TSI level was no longer elevated. Levels of AMA and ATGA remained elevated long after the TSI level became normal. All three patients eventually had hypothyroidism and continue to require thyroxine replacement.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura associated with hyperthyroidism in a single individual.

An association between thrombocytopenia and thyrotoxicosis has been previously documented. In addition, a familial association between thrombocytopenia and thyrotoxicosis has also been reported. Theories for etiology include a common immunologic cause, a thyrotoxic-induced decrease in platelet survival, and a genetic predisposition for underlying autoimmune disease. We report a case of autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura associated with hyperthyroidism in which the patient's thrombocytopenia and thyrotoxicosis resolved concomitantly. We recommend testing for hyperthyroidism in all patients with unexplained thrombocytopenia and that family members of patients be evaluated, screened, and observed for thrombocytopenia and hyperthyroidism.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗

PubMed2005

Radiation exposure rate from 131I-treated hyperthyroid patients--a dynamic study, with data for up to 42 d post therapy.

Hyperthyroid patients treated with radioactive 131I are a potential source of external and internal exposure to family members and others in close contact with these patients. Information on the exposure rate from the patient on any day post administration of the dosage may be helpful when implementing an effective radiation safety or ALARA strategy for the family or members of the general public. Exposure rate measurements were completed on 78 out of 128 hyperthyroid patients participating in the study. Measurements were taken at 1 m, 0.6 m, and 0.3 m from the patient for eight different dose regimens and for up to 42 d post dose administration. The measured exposure rate was plotted against days post dose administration to demonstrate how quickly the exposure rate reduced with time. As anticipated, significant positive correlation was found between exposure rate at 1 m, 0.6 m, and 0.3 m for all radioactive dose regimens. No significant correlation was found between the external exposure rate reduction post-therapy and the 131I uptake at 2 or 24 h, prior to therapy. This work is a dynamic study that provides comprehensive external radiation exposure rate measurements in hyperthyroid patients post therapy dose administration and may serve as a database for radiation safety related decision-making.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Hyperthyroidism Is Genetically Associated With Reduced Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder whose aetiology involves an intricate interplay of genetic, immune, metabolic and environmental factors. Endocrine dysfunction-particularly disturbances of thyroid hormone signalling-has been proposed as a contributor to neurodegeneration, but conventional observational studies have produced inconsistent results, and prior Mendelian randomization (MR) work has largely focused on continuous thyroid biomarkers rather than clinically defined hyperthyroid disease states. To clarify this relationship, we performed a two-sample bidirectional and multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis using large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from the FinnGen and IEU Open GWAS databases (European ancestry). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reaching genome-wide significance (p < 5 × 10-8) for Graves' disease and thyrotoxicosis with diffuse goitre served as instrumental variables. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was the primary analysis, complemented by MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode and simple mode estimators, and MVMR adjusted for smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI). In forward analyses, genetically proxied Graves' disease (OR = 0.942, 95% CI 0.901-0.985, p = 0.008) and thyrotoxicosis with diffuse goitre (OR = 0.929, 95% CI 0.879-0.982, p = 0.009) were associated with a lower risk of PD, whereas reverse analyses showed no significant effect of genetic liability to PD on either thyroid trait. The inverse associations remained stable across MVMR models, and sensitivity analyses (Cochran's Q, MR-Egger intercept, MR-PRESSO, leave-one-out) showed no evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. Collectively, these findings provide genetic evidence consistent with a protective relationship between hyperthyroid disease states and PD, independent of major lifestyle confounders. By focusing on clinically defined hyperthyroid entities rather than continuous thyroid indices, our study complements prior MR work and highlights the thyroid-brain axis-encompassing thyroid hormone signalling and autoimmune-mediated immune modulation-as a biologically plausible and potentially modifiable contributor to PD risk that warrants further mechanistic and translational investigation.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The thyroid in ulverative colitis and Crohn's disease. II. Thyroid enlargement and hyperthyroidism in ulcerative colitis.

The frequency of thyroid disease has been surveyed in 300 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 600 controls. The controls were drawn from visitors to the general medical wards of the Radcliffe Infirmary and were matched for age and sex with the UC patients. Two observers independently assessed all these subjects for thyroid enlargement of the simple goitre type. Although there were minor variations between the results obtained by the two observers, they found simple goitre in 8.7-6.3 percent among the UC patients compared with 4.3-3.3% percent among the controls; a difference which is significant. A history of thyrotoxicosis was obtained in 3.7 percent of the UC patients compared with 0.8 percent of the controls (p greater than 0.01). In more than half of the UC patients with a history of hyperthyroidism, the hyperthyroidism occurred years before the onset of the colitis. It is therefore highly unlikely that hyperthyroidism is a complication of the colitismpossible reasons for the association of the two diseases are discussed but it is concluded that no satisfactory explanation exists at present.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

A tetracycline-based histomorphometric evaluation of bone resorption and bone turnover in hyperthyroidism and hyperparathyroidism.

Increased bone, resorption previously found in hyperthyroidism might be caused by a direct stimulating effect of thyroid hormone(s) on bone cells or by an increased sensitivity to circulating parathyroid hormone. In order to disclose qualitative differences in the response of bone resorbing cells to excess parathyroid hormone and excess thyroid hormone(s), histomorphometric analysis of iliac crest biopsies was performed in 25 hyperparathyroid and 40 hyperthyroid patients after tetracycline double-labelling. The main target cells for parathyroid and thyroid hormones were different. Parathyroid hormone stimulated osteocytic osteolysis and increased osteoclastic resorption surfaces equally in trabecular and cortical bone. The osteoclastic resorption was inactive. Thyroid hormone(s) had no effect on osteocytes but increased the osteoclastic resorption surfaces in trabecular and cortical bone, with a pronounced preponderance in cortical bone. The osteoclastic resorption was active and followed by a significant loss of both cortical and trabecular bone. The findings support the assumption that increased bone resorption in hyperthyroidism is caused by a direct stimulating effect of thyroid hormone(s).

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Non-selective and selective beta-1-adrenoceptor blocking agents in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.

Treatment for one month with propranolol or atenolol, a selective beta-1-adrenoceptor blocking agent, was evaluated in 20 hyperthyroid patients. The patients improved to the same extent on either drug, as shown by a clinical diagnostic index. Basal metabolic rate decreased by 11% during both treatments, while it was unchanged in seven untreated hyperthyroid controls. Thyroxine concentration did not change during any treatment. During propranolol treatment T3 decreased from 4.6 to 3.9 nmol/l, while no changes were observed during atenolol treatment or in the control group. No significant changes were seen in free T4, free T3 or rT3 concentrations on any treatment, although free T3 was observed to decrease slightly during propranolol treatment. Thus, the improvement of the clinical symptoms of hyperthyroidism cannot be explained by diminished thyroid hormone concentrations in serum, since the reduction was small during propranolol and absent during atenolol treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Serum reverse-T3 determinations in the laboratory diagnosis of hyperthyroidism.

The relative discriminatory value of the estimation of the serum reverse-T3 levels for the laboratory diagnosis of hyperthyroidism was investigated in 47 patients with clinical signs or symptoms of hyperthyroidism. The results were compared with those from the determination of the total serum levels of T3 and T4 prior and after correction for the binding proteins. Twenty-three of the patients had normal thyroid function and 24 had hyperthyroidism. The estimation of the total serum T3 level was superior to both the determination of the total serum T4 and reverse-T3 levels even subsequent to correction for the binding proteins.

Humans↗

PubMed1985

Cardiac performance in hyperthyroidism assessed by systolic time intervals and radionuclide ventriculography.

Systolic time intervals (STI) and radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) were used in the assessment of cardiac performance in 22 patients with hyperthyroidism before and after antithyroid treatment. STI as well as RNV showed enhanced myocardial contractility which was normalized after antithyroid treatment. Beta-blocker treatment did not influence the hypercontractility in hyperthyroidism. This implies that beta-blockers alone cannot be regarded as satisfactory long-term treatment and that mechanisms other than increased sympathoadrenal drive are involved in the hypercontractility in hyperthyroidism. RNV suggested valvular regurgitation, probably of the mitral valve, in 11 patients. Possible hemodynamic consequences are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

Comparative trial of propranolol and practolol in hyperthyroidism.

The possible role of practolol in the management of hyperthyroidism has been studied by comparing it with propranolol. 2. In a double-blind cross-over trial, propranolol (40 mg), practolol (120 mg) and a placebo four times daily for one week were compared in twenty-one hyperthyroid patients by sequential analysis. 3. Judged by their effect on the symptoms and signs of thyrotoxicosis, both propranolol and practolol were significantly better than the placebo but no clear distinction could be made between the two active compounds. 4. Propranolol and practolol reduced heart rate by 24 and 17% respectively compared with placebo. 5. Patients generally preferred propranolol or practolol to placebo but this preference did not achieve significance with either drug. 6. Only in its effect on heart rate was practolol significantly inferior to propranolol, and it would appear to be a useful alternative to propranolol in the management of the peripheral manifestations of hyperthyroidism.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMed1976

Comparison of propranolol and practolol in the management of hyperthyroidism.

Twenty-one hyperthyroid patients participated in an 8-week double-blind crossover trial of propranolol and practolol, and the effecte of these drugs on the clinical and metabolic features of the disease were studied. Propranolol was marginally more effective than practolol, as measured by the hyperthyroid diagnostic index and anxiety scale. Propranolol produced a significant reduction in the serum concentration ratio of tri-iodothyronine to thyroxine, compatible with partial inhibition of peripheral deiodination of thyroxine. Adverse reactions occurred more frequently with propranolol than with practolol. In veiw of the efficacy of practoloo, further trials in hyperthyroid patients of newer beta1-adrenoceptor antagonists, preferably without partial agonist activity, are indicated.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Catecholamine sensitivity in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.

1. Catecholamine sensitivity in hyper- and hypothyroidism has been studied using a standardised isoprenaline sensitivity test. 2. Seven patients with hyperthyroidism and seven with hypothyroidism were tested both when showing evidence of thyroid dysfunction and again when euthyroid. 3. No significant differences were seen in heart rate responses to isoprenaline when patients became euthyroid compared to their response when either hyperthyroid or hypothyroid. 4. These results indicate that sensitivity to catecholamines is not altered in thyroid dysfunction and, in particular, that hypersensitivity does not occur in spontaneous hyperthyroidism.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Failure of adrenergic alpha and beta receptor blockade to elevate the TSH and prolactin response to TRH in hyperthyroidism.

The effects of adrenergic alpha and beta receptor blockade on the thyrotrophin and prolactin responses to TRH were studied in groups of hyperthyroid patients who received either oral propranolol and phenoxybenzamine or intravenous propranolol and rogitine. The flat TSH and prolactin responses to TRH in the untreated hyperthyroid patients were not altered by oral or intravenous adrenergic alpha and beta receptor blockade suggesting that catecholamines do not play a major role in the feedback suppression of TSH and prolactin in hyperthyroidism.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗

PubMed1979

Disturbed mineral metabolism in hyperthyroidism: good correlation with tri-iodothyronine.

Mineral metabolism is frequently disturbed in hyperthyroidism. In a group of seventy-two patients with hyperthyroidism, we observed an increase in serum diffusible calcium in 50% of the cases, elevated inorganic phosphorus in 30% and elevated alkaline phosphatase in 44% of the cases. Correlations existed between the values of diffusible calcium, inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and certain indices of thyroid function (T4, FT41, T3, FT3I), of which that with T3 was the best (P less than 0.001). Our results suggest that the magnitude of the disturbances of mineral metabolism depends on the severity of the hyperthyroidism and that it is the T3 level that constitutes the best index of that severity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

The effect of propranolol withdrawal on thyroid hormones in normal and hyperthyroid subjects.

Blood thyroid hormone levels were measured during, and for 6 days after, treatment with propranolol (160 mg/day, 4-8 weeks) in five hyperthyroid patients and six normal volunteers. In hyperthyroid patients triiodothyronine (T3) and free triiodothyronine index (FT3I) rose to peak levels 60 h after propranolol withdrawal without significant change in thyroxine (T4) or Thyopac-3 test. In normal subjects no significant change in thyroid hormone levels was seen during propranolol treatment or withdrawal. The rise in T3 and FT3I coincides with, and may contribute to, the rebound increase in adrenergic activity after propranolol withdrawal in hyperthyroidism.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Hyperthyroidism in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.

The thyroid status of twenty-seven African patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) was studied. Fifteen patients were found to be biochemically hyperthyroid (eight patients with choriocarcinoma; seven with hydatidiform mole). Of these fifteen patients, nine were clinically thyrotoxic. The most serious complication of thyrotoxicosis was life-threatening acute pulmonary oedema with associated cardiac failure. It was found that when serum levels of the human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) reached a level of about 0.1 X 10(6) iu/1, thirteen of sixteen patients were biochemically hyperthyroid; at serum levels of 0.3 X 10(6) iu/1 of hCG most patients were clinically thyrotoxic. A feature of hyperthyroidism associated with GTN is that whereas T4 is invariably raised the T3:T4 ratio tends to be low (0.015 +/- 005); rT3:T3 ratios were high in this group. TSH levels were not increased.

Adult↗