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PubMed1981

Pacing-induced automaticity in sheep Purkinje fibers.

The induction and decay of pacing-induced automaticity were studied in 15 sheep Purkinje fiber preparations superfused with modified Tyrode's solution containing norepinephrine, 2.5 x 10(-7) M. All preparations were quiescent prior to pacing. Spontaneous automaticity could be induced in each preparation provided a sufficient number of pacing stimuli were applied at a fast enough rate. Once the minimum pacing requirements for induction of automaticity were exceeded, the number, total duration, and fastest rate of the induced beats were proportional to the number and rate of the pacing stimuli up to a maximum which could not be exceeded. Consecutive trains of stimuli were additive in inducing automaticity, provided that the pauses between them were short enough to preclude the time-dependent return of automatic properties to their pre-pacing level. Prolonged sequence of fixed pacing trains resulted in stable degrees of automaticity which depended on the length of the pause between them. These observations permit a semiquantitative description of induced automatic behavior and help establish a model that may be useful in future studies.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1977

Group therapy with the terminally ill.

The authors describe their four-year experience with a therapy group for patients with metastatic carcinoma. Patients in the group are helped by helping one another, by moving out of a morbid self-absorption, and by finding that they have much of value to share and to teach. The most important aspect of the group experience is the "presence" it offers; patients find support and the opportunity to express their needs and fears openly. The authors believe that group therapy is a valuable modality for the treatment of terminally ill patients and that much can be learned from such groups for the everyday therapy of the living.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

Service delivery issues in Asian-North American communities.

The authors describe some of the sociocultural factors (e.g., moralistic, religious, psychological, and familial characteristics) that influence the help-seeking behavior of Chinese psychiatric patients in North America. They propose a replicable approach for investigating sociocultural patterns relevant to service delivery to Chinese in other communities.

Canada↗
PubMed1983

A clinical study of four Unification church members.

Four women who were or had been members of the Unification church were studied by means of clinical interviews and psychological tests. The authors found that these women shared the following characteristics: 1) difficulties with heterosexual relations; 2) idealism and usually the wish to serve or unify others; 3) a spiritual world view with "magical-mystical" overtones; and 4) a tendency to deny and "wish away" threatening perceptions, specifically noted in projective testing. They suggest how these characteristics may have influenced the subjects' affinity for the life style and doctrines of the sect.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Health services utilization in Jerusalem under terrorism.

OBJECTIVE: The authors explored the effects of an escalation of terrorism on the help-seeking behavior of the general population in Jerusalem, a city that offers an adequate supply of medical and psychiatric services. METHOD: Time-series analyses were applied to examine the utilization of health services (primary medical care and ambulance calls) and mental health services (clinics, hospitals, and telephone hotlines) by Jerusalem residents before and during part of the current intifada. The authors assessed seasonality, general linear trends (from factors such as health education and increased access), short-term intifada impact (reflecting reactions that peaked at the third month and ended 1 year thereafter), and long-term impact (starting at the intifada outbreak and reflecting a more stable population behavior). RESULTS: Adult psychiatric outpatient visits did not change except for the elderly in ongoing care who had both short- and long-term increases. The proportion of recorded ICD-10 diagnoses reflecting intifada-related reactions remained generally stable. Short-term effects included an increase in psychiatric readmissions. First contacts to substance abuse clinics remained unchanged. While long-term effects included a decrease in new psychiatric hospitalizations, the rate of monthly general practitioner visitors and the number of monthly ambulance and hotline calls increased. CONCLUSIONS: Except for the elderly and previously hospitalized persons, Jerusalem residents did not increase their use of psychiatric services but did increase their use of some other health services. These results suggest that this terrorism-affected population did not perceive their mental and social suffering as requiring specialized intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Depression in the planet's largest ethnic group: the Chinese.

OBJECTIVE: The authors reviewed the evidence for the claim that the Chinese tend to deny depression or express it somatically, examined the possible determinants of those characteristics, and explored implications of the findings for the diagnosis and management of depression in China and for psychiatry in the WEST: METHOD: This paper reviews and interprets original studies and literature reviews considering emotional distress, depression, neurasthenia, and somatization in Chinese subjects. RESULTS: Interpretation of the literature is complicated by the considerable heterogeneity among people described as "the Chinese" and by numerous factors affecting collection of data, including issues of illness definition, sampling, and case finding; differences in help-seeking behavior; idiomatic expression of emotional distress; and the stigma of mental illness. Despite difficulties in interpreting the literature, the available data suggest that the Chinese do tend to deny depression or express it somatically. CONCLUSIONS: The existing evidence supports the hypothesis that the Chinese tend to deny depression or express it somatically. However, Western influences on Chinese society and on the detection and identification of depression are likely to have modified the expression of depressive illness quite sharply since the early 1980s. Analyzing these changes may provide useful insight into the evolution of the diagnosis of depression in Western and other cultures.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2002

A psychiatric residency curriculum about Asian-American issues.

Asian Americans constitute the third-largest and the fastest-growing minority group in the United States, with a population of 10.2 to 11.9 million in Census 2000. It is a heterogeneous group that includes at least 43 ethnic subgroups with different languages and dialects, immigration patterns, and religious beliefs; varying socioeconomic status; and different traditional patterns of seeking health care. These social and cultural variables affect Asian Americans' help-seeking behaviors, development of psychiatric disorders, manifestation of psychiatric symptoms, treatment strategies, compliance, and outcomes. This article reviews experiences of Asian Americans relevant to their mental health, including migration patterns to the United States, socioeconomic status, and cultural variables. It proposes educational objectives in the assessment and treatment of Asian-American patients that are essential for the training of psychiatric residents. In particular, it addresses special considerations in implementation of a psychiatric curriculum directed to the care of Asian-American psychiatric patients.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Helping medical students understand postpartum psychosis through the prism of "The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the use of literature to illustrate a postpartum depression lecture. METHODS: Medical students and faculty facilitators were surveyed after small group discussions. RESULTS: Students' ratings and comments were positive, and faculty comments were neutral to positive. CONCLUSION: Students valued this teaching method, while faculty observations reflected challenges of assessing literature's contributions to medical education in improving empathy and treatment outcome.

Cognition↗
PubMed2002

Remembering a life.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed2003

Patients' concerns about and perceptions of electronic psychiatric records.

This study assessed concerns about and perceptions of electronic psychiatric records in a university psychiatric adult outpatient clinic. Forty-one patients who refused to have their psychiatric records transferred to the electronic record system were compared with 39 patients who agreed to an electronic record. Regardless of whether or not they refused to have their information transferred to an electronic record, a majority of patients reported numerous concerns about electronic records, such as concerns about unauthorized access to their records by parties within the university health care system. Patients' concerns may affect patient disclosure and other help-seeking behavior and therefore must be addressed by clinicians and health care systems.

Attitude↗
PubMed2004

Implications of educating the public on mental illness, violence, and stigma.

This study examined how two types of public education programs influenced how the public perceived persons with mental illness, their potential for violence, and the stigma of mental illness. A total of 161 participants were randomly assigned to one of three programs: one that aimed to combat stigma, one that highlighted the association between violence and psychiatric disorders, and a control group. Participants who completed the education-about-violence program were significantly more likely to report attitudes related to fear and dangerousness, to endorse services that coerced persons into treatment and treated them in segregated areas, to avoid persons with mental illness in social situations, and to be reluctant to help persons with mental illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A systemic approach to resistance: theoretical and technical considerations.

A systemic approach to resistance allows the individual therapist to appreciate the adaptive, protective, systems-maintaining aspects of "help-rejecting" behaviors which might otherwise elicit negatively toned interventions that serve to heighten or rigidify a resistant impasse. This article illustrates how a systemic perspective assists the psychodynamically oriented psychotherapist in adopting a neutral and respectful attitude toward a patient's resistant posture, and also explores implications for the theoretical understanding and technical management of resistance.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Pity, suffering, and psychotherapy.

Every day psychotherapists are called upon to assuage and give meaning to human suffering. This report examines the ways in which therapists' and patients' attitudes towards giving and receiving "pity" can advance or interfere with the realization of these goals. Clinical observations, introspective analyses, interviews, and questionnaires are used to investigate the following questions: What feelings and thoughts are encompassed by the state of pitying a person or an aspect of a person? What are the similarities and differences between pity and compassion? How do pity and empathy interact in the therapeutic situation? When is taking and showing pity therapeutically beneficial? Is pity a force that brings people together, or is it a way of distancing ourselves from those whom we regard as "other"? Based on the phenomena brought to light by investigating these questions, the author proposes that pity is an inevitable and integral component of our reactions to the ordeals suffered through by individuals facing tragic situations. As a background, an overview of the two radically different conceptions of pity that coexist in our culture is presented.

Attitude↗
PubMed2000

Mental illness beliefs in Malaysia: ethnic and intergenerational comparisons.

Two groups of college students in Malaysia, ethnic Malay and ethnic Chinese, completed a mental illness attribution and help seeking questionnaire, and these responses were also compared with the responses of their mothers. As expected, ethnic Malays rated religious items, such as God and prayer, higher than the Chinese. However, both groups rated the social and psychological causes higher than religious, supernatural or physical causes. Contrary to our predictions, there were no intergenerational differences among either ethnic group. Medical pluralism was demonstrated, as a variety of apparently contradictory help seeking behaviors received quite high ratings including doctor/pharmacy, prayer, herbal medicine and traditional healers.

Adult↗