Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Genetics and Reproduction”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Human genetic databases and liberty.

This paper examines an act of the Icelandic Parliament on health-sector databases. Both the legislation itself and the manner in which it was presented by the Government to the Parliament and the general public raise various questions about democratic parliamentary procedures, community consultation, autonomy, privacy, professional confidence, control of health data in hospitals and business relationships between medical doctors and biotechnology corporations. A major question to be asked is: In whose interest is it that such sensitive data are handed over to for-profit corporations? Furthermore, is it within the authority of the legislature to authorize politically appointed boards of health institutes to transfer such data without the direct informed consent of the patient and without the relevant physicians' having a say? Does experience teach us to entrust private companies with sensitive personal data? Should the Government be involved in the research policy-making of the biotechnology companies that have been given access to the genetic data of a population, or should the profit motive be the sole deciding influence? That is, should the interest of the shareholders of the companies prevail over the interest of underprivileged groups who are most in need of new methods or medicine to alleviate their situation due to incurable diseases? Or is the invisible hand of the market the only competent decision-maker? Finally, will the proliferation of databases containing sensitive personal data, such as human genetic data, limit our personal liberty?

Biological Specimen Banks↗
PubMed2006

In moral labor.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Altruism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Retrospective analysis of invasive methods of prenatal diagnostics].

The retrospective analysis of invasive methods of prenatal diagnostics has been carried out in 346 women with hazard of fetal pathology. The following factors of hazard of inherent and heritable pathologies are established: complicated genetical and reproductive anamnesis (49.7%), extragynecological (37.0%) and gynecologial pathologies (13.6%), complicated course of pregnancy (48.6%). Using of invasive methods of prenatal diagnostics in the pregnant women of these groups made it possible to detect the innate malformations in 13.0% cases and heritable pathologies in 4.6% cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A simple model based on the first principles].

A simple model based on the first principles is proposed, which describes the reduplication of a molecular structure as a sequence of stages with probabilities that can be estimated on the basis of the general theory of molecular transformations. It is demonstrated that the reproduction of genetic information in time (life phenomenon) over a long period is impossible without the simultaneous "death effect". Taking into account the peculiarities of transient states (quantum beats) leads to the appearance of self-oscillations.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Effects of competition on the fitness of wild and crop-wild hybrid sunflower from a diversity of wild populations and crop lines.

Gene flow between crop fields and wild populations often results in hybrids with reduced fitness compared to their wild counterparts due to characteristics imparted by the crop genome. But the specifics of the evolutionary outcome of crop-wild gene flow may depend on context, varying due to local environmental conditions and genetic variation within and among wild populations and among crop lines. To evaluate context-dependence of fitness of F1 hybrids, sunflower crop lines were crossed with nine wild populations from across the northern United States. These crop-wild hybrids and their wild counterparts were grown under agricultural conditions in the field with and without wheat competition. Hybrids were far less fecund than wild plants, yet more likely to survive to reproduce. There was considerable variability among wild populations for fecundity and the specific crop line used to generate the crop-wild hybrid significantly affected fecundity. The fitness deficit suffered by crop-wild hybrids varied by population, as did the rankings of the crop-wild hybrids from three different crop lines. Wheat competition decreased fecundity and survival considerably and hampered seed production of wild plants more than that of hybrids. Genotype x environment interactions indicated that the response of fitness to competition differed by population. Consequently, the fitness of hybrids relative to wild plants varied considerably among wild populations and was not consistent across environments. Notably, relative fitness of hybrids was greater under competitive conditions. This research is the first study of its kind to demonstrate that the consequences of crop-wild gene flow are context dependent and contingent on the genetics of the specific wild populations and the local biotic and abiotic conditions.

Biodiversity↗
PubMed1990

[Biotechnology in perspective].

Biotechnology is a collective term for a large number of manipulations of biological material. Fields of importance in stock-keeping include: (1) manipulation of reproductive processes; (2) genetic manipulation of macro-(farm) animals and micro-organisms and (3) manipulation of metabolism. Fitting in biotechnological findings in breeding-stock farming has repercussions in several fields such as the relationship between producers and the ancillary and processing industries, service industries, consumers and society as a whole. The use of biotechnical findings will also require further automation and adaptation of farm management. Biotechnology opens up a new area and new prospects for farm animal husbandry. These can only be regarded as positive when they take a permanent development of the entire section into account.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1990

Errors, gaps, and misconceptions in the disease-related knowledge of cystic fibrosis patients and their families.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 60 families with a child with cystic fibrosis to assess their medical knowledge of the illness. A 63-item, multiple-choice test with acceptable psychometric properties was administered to 60 mothers, 54 fathers, 29 siblings (aged 10 to 23 years), and 18 patients (aged 9 to 22 years). Parents and patients correctly answered approximately three quarters and siblings two thirds of all items. Family members were most knowledgeable about general cystic fibrosis facts, physiotherapy, gastrointestinal symptomatology and treatment, and anatomy. They were less well-informed about respiratory symptomatology and treatment and nutrition. Parental knowledge of genetics and reproductive risks was mediocre, and that of patients and siblings was poor. Knowledge of terminology was uniformly low. Social class was a significant predictor of parental knowledge. If left uncorrected the misconceptions, gaps, and errors in family members' knowledge of cystic fibrosis identified in this study could result in inadverent noncompliance in treatment of the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Enhanced viability after in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes matured in vitro with high concentrations of luteinizing hormone.

The purpose of this study was to better understand requirements for oocyte maturation to yield viable embryos after bovine in vitro fertilization (IVF). High proportions (95% to 100%) of cumulus-surrounded oocytes matured in vitro in all treatments, but subsequent development was enhanced after maturation with high concentrations of purified bovine luteinizing hormone (LH). Beneficial effects of undisturbed cumulus cells were demonstrated. Improved IVF followed insemination of cumulus-surrounded oocytes, but not denuded oocytes, after maturation with high LH (100 micrograms/ml) versus low LH (10 micrograms/ml), implicating cumulus cells in mediating hormonal enhancement. Oocytes matured with high LH resulted in embryos of superior viability, as reflected by cleavage to 4- to 8-cell stages. Pregnancy resulting from transcervical embryo transfer further documented embryonic viability. These findings should be useful in further development and implementation of reproductive and genetic technologies.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Epidemiology of breast cancer].

Important facts and hypotheses of descriptive and analytic epidemiology of breast cancer are presented and discussed in connection with results of studies carried out by the authors. Leading position and further increase in breast cancer incidence in many countries are the most important point of descriptive epidemiology. In the GDR breast cancer incidence amounts to 60 per 100,000 per year. On the other hand, there are large differences in the incidence between populations, which support hypotheses about the life style, especially of diet, as a risk factor for breast cancer. The most important groups of risk factors which have been investigated are menstrual and reproductive factors, genetics, hormonal status, diet, benign breast disease, radiation and oral contraceptives. Early age at menarche and late age at menopause, nulliparity and late age at first birth, breast cancer in first-degree relatives, benign breast disease and radiation increase breast cancer risk. The results of case-control studies concerning diet are not yet convincing. A number of studies shows no overall increase of breast cancer risk. Finally, possibilities of breast cancer control are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self from nonself discrimination in single-celled eukaryotes.

A mechanism for self recognition has been proposed to control the mating type interactions in the marine ciliate Euplotes raikovi. The relevant molecules involved in this mechanism are the mating pheromones inherited via high-multiple alleles codominant at the Mendelian locus mat. Four of these mating pheromones have been isolated, purified, and characterized. They are relatively small and acidic proteins (Mr, 11,000-12,000; pI, 3.7-4.0), which are still active at the concentration of approximately 10(-12) molar. Data, yet preliminary, of amino acid sequencing of the purified mating pheromones showed extensive structural homologies and the common presence of the aspartic acid at the amino terminal.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Selection among males for the genetic improvement of female fertility.

The quantitative physiological study of genetic variation in reproductive performance has shown that differences in the litter size and incidence of lambing in sheep are associated with variation in the release of LH. This variation is detectable in young animals of both sexes, and the injection of LHRH may aid its recognition. In the male it is associated with variation in mating behavior and testis growth. The ovarian activity of both sheep and mice has been shown to change following selection for testis growth. The use of measures of testis growth as criteria for selection to improve the reproductive performance of females is discussed.

Animals↗