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PubMed1975

Comparison of the in vitro activities of BB-K8 and three other aminoglycosides against 215 strains of Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae with variable sensitivity to kanamycin and gentamicin.

215 gram-negative bacilli isolated from clinical materials were tested in vitro against BB-K8 by means of disc diffusion and agar dilution tests; the strains included 40 isolates resistant to gentamicin. Approximately 90% of the strains were inhibited by 3.12 mug/ml or less BB-K8. This antibiotic exhibited a comparable activity, although somewhat inferior, to that of gentamicin, against organisms sensitive to gentamicin. It was considrably more active than gentamicin, and comparable to tobramycin, against the isolates of Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia spp. resistant to gentamicin, but less active than tobramycin against 11 strains of Pseudomonas resistant to gentamicin.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1986

In vitro activity of aryl fluoroquinolones, Abbott 56619 and Abbott 56620, compared to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and beta-lactams versus multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The new aryl fluoroquinolones, Abbott 56619 and Abbott 56620, were compared to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and newer beta-lactam agents in standardized microtiter testing versus multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. Ciprofloxacin, followed by Abbott 56620, was generally the most active quinolone and imipenem the most active beta-lactam agent.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

Temocillin sensitivity of Enterobacteriaceae species resistant to cefotaxime.

The in vitro activity of temocillin, cefotaxime, aztreonam and ceftazidime was tested against selected cefotaxime-resistant isolates (43 Enterobacter species, 37 Serratia marcescens, 16 Morganella morganii, 8 Klebsiella species) and cefotaxime-susceptible strains of the same species. Cross-resistance with a high degree of correlation was observed between cefotaxime and aztreonam or ceftazidime, but not between cefotaxime and temocillin.

Cefotaxime↗
PubMed1986

Antibodies to Enterobacteriaceae in ankylosing spondylitis.

Serological studies on ankylosing spondylitis (AS; N = 82) show that although statistically more AS patients than controls (N = 24) may possess elevated serum titres to enterobacteria such as Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia, this does not necessarily imply enterobacterial involvement in AS, as other groups without enteritis or arthropathies that frequent health care facilities (N = 72) may also display this phenomenon, presumably due to increased exposure. Moreover, an inventory of all detectable antibody reactivities to the separated cell envelope antigens of five enterobacterial species suspected of involvement in AS (notably Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia) failed to reveal statistical associations with AS. This might be explained, assuming that the aetiology of AS entails a set of enterobacteria rather than a few individual species. It is proposed that serological studies on AS should be supported by additional information, e.g. that of the faecal carriage, and that these combined studies encompassing other enterobacteria, in addition to Klebsiella, might be fruitful.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Methionine biosynthesis in Enterobacteriaceae: biochemical, regulatory, and evolutionary aspects.

The genes coding for the enzymes involved in methionine biosynthesis and regulation are scattered on the Escherichia coli chromosome. All of them have been cloned and most have been sequenced. From the information gathered, one can establish the existence (upstream of the structural genes coding for the biosynthetic genes and the regulatory gene) of "methionine boxes" consisting of two or more repeats of an octanucleotide sequence pattern. The comparison of these sequences allows the extraction of a consensus operator sequence. Mutations in these sequences lead to the constitutivity of the vicinal structural gene. The operator sequence is the target of a DNA-binding protein--the methionine aporepressor--which has been obtained in the pure state, for which S-adenosylmethionine acts as the corepressor. Mutations in the corresponding gene lead to the constitutive expression of all the methionine structural genes. The physicochemical properties of the methionine aporepressor are being investigated.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1978

Distribution of enterobacteriaceae in recycled manure bedding on California dairies.

The distribution of coliform organisms on three California dairies which use a system of automatic flushing of alley ways and composted, recycled manure solids as free stall bedding for utilization of waste was studied. There was a wide distribution of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter and to less extent Citrobacter organisms. Klebsiella were not commonly in bovine feces. Composting manure solids effectively reduced coliform counts to few or to zero. However, if given proper conditions of moisture and temperature, coliforms could multiply to large numbers again in composted solids whether from survivors or from external contamination. Dried composted manure was satisfactory material for bedding of free stalls provided it was dried properly before application.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2005

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, U.S. rivers.

Our study was initiated by previous isolation of 30 imipenem-resistant, gram-negative rods from 7 of 16 U.S. rivers sampled from 1999 to 2001. Imipenem hydrolysis was detected in 22 of those isolates identified as Enterobacter asburiae. Random amplified polymorphism DNA analysis showed that these E. asburiae isolates were genetically indistinguishable. An identical clavulanic acid-inhibited beta-lactamase IMI-2 was identified from each isolate that shared 99% and 97% amino acid identity with the chromosome-encoded beta-lactamases IMI-1 and NmcA, respectively, from E. cloacae clinical isolates. The blaIMI-2 gene was located on a self-transferable 66-kb plasmid. Sequence analysis of a cloned 5.5-kb DNA fragment obtained from 1 of the imipenem-resistant E. asburiae isolates identified an upstream LysR-type regulator gene that explained inducibility of IMI-2 expression. beta-Lactamase IMI-2 is the first inducible and plasmid-encoded carbapenemase. Identification of clonally related E. asburiae isolates from distant rivers indicates an environmental and enterobacterial reservoir for carbapenemase genes.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed2005

Beta-lactam resistance and Enterobacteriaceae, United States.

Extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) are an important drug class for treating severe Salmonella infections. We screened the human collection from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System 2000 for ESC resistance mechanisms. Of non-Typhi Salmonella tested, 3.2% (44/1,378) contained blaCMY genes. Novel findings included blaCMY-positive Escherichia coli O157:H7 and a blaSHV-positive Salmonella isolate. CMY-positive isolates showed a ceftriaxone MIC > or =2 microg/mL.

Cephalosporins↗