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At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The frequency of a concomitant early esophageal cancer in male patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Screening results using Lugol dye endoscopy.

BACKGROUND: Male patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer are known to have high risk of concomitant esophageal cancer developing. Thus, mass screening programs are pursued to detect such esophageal cancer early, and in a mass screening trial of patients with early oral and oropharyngeal cancer, the efficacy of Lugol dye endoscopy for detecting concomitant esophageal cancers has been evaluated. METHODS: Lugol dye was used in an endoscopic screening of 101 patients with oral cancer and 26 with oropharyngeal cancer; all of the patients were men. RESULTS: Among these 127 patients, eight (6.3%) clinical asymptomatic concomitant esophageal cancers were detected, and four of these eight cancers were found in the patients with oropharyngeal cancer. Five of these eight superficial lesions could not be detected by ordinary endoscopy or barium study. CONCLUSION: Our results show that Lugol dye endoscopy is indispensable for monitoring male patients with oral or oropharyngeal cancer to detect an early concomitant esophageal cancer. In addition, a higher frequency of concomitant esophageal cancer was seen in the patients with oropharyngeal cancer than in the patients with oral cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Recurrence of varices after oesophageal transection: intra-operative and postoperative assessment by endoscopy.

Intra-operative and postoperative endoscopy were used in 16 patients with portal hypertension to investigate whether intra-operative elimination of oesophageal varices by oesophageal transection with devascularization leads to prevention of variceal recurrence and rebleeding. Intra-operative elimination of the varices was achieved in 12 patients. In ten patients the varices recurred and in two cases rebled, during the follow-up period of 6-43 months (average 25 months). Of the ten patients with recurrent varices, eight (including the two who bled acutely in the postoperative period) successfully underwent endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. Postoperative endoscopy was performed at 5-monthly intervals. It is concluded that intra-operative elimination of the varices will not prevent recurrence and that a closer follow-up using endoscopy more than three times a year is a significant aid in the management of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Endoscopy in gastric malignancy.

Gastric cancer remains, in most parts of the world, a disease of advanced presentation and associated resistantly high mortality. To date, fiberoptic endoscopy has yet to change this seemingly inexorable fact. Nevertheless, endoscopy plays a vital role in the evaluation and diagnosis of the gastric cancer patient and provides palliative options to patients suffering from advanced disease that may not respond to other modalities. With the advent of endoscopic screening protocols identifying cases at an early stage, there is early epidemiologic evidence of impact on the mortal consequences of this disease in high incidence areas such as Japan. Endoscopic ultrasound, flow cytometry of endoscopic biopsies, and photodynamic techniques offer the prospect of increasing definition of gastric malignancy prior to therapy, and new endoscopic therapies await further study to define their potential role in treating early cancer non-operatively. Twenty years ago, scientists intent on the study of gastric neoplasia played a major role in the advent of fiberoptic endoscopy. To date, their reward has been a wealth of information. As this material is digested and applied, it seems reasonable to believe their efforts may be eventually rewarded by a reduction in the epidemiologic impact of this disease, brought about not by changing global incidence patterns, but by knowledge and technology derived and administered endoscopically.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. An unrecognized cause of hyperamylasemia.

The prevalence of hyperamylasemia 2 hr and 24 hr after upper gastrointestinal endoscopy without attempts to cannulate the ampulla of Vater was prospectively studied in 50 consecutive patients. In the 2-hr sample, hyperamylasemia was observed in nine patients (18%) (serum amylase range 59-191 units/liter with a mean value of 102 units/liter; reference range: 12-46 units/liter). Five of the nine patients still had an increased serum amylase (range 54-118 units/liter, mean 78.4) 24 hr after endoscopy. When hyperamylasemia occurred, it always appeared in and was higher in the 2-hr sample. The increased serum amylase activity was due to a rise of S-type isoamylase. The cause of hyperamylasemia after gastrointestinal endoscopy is speculative but is probably due to an hypersalivation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Esophageal involvement in Behçet's disease. Is endoscopy necessary?

Twenty patients who were diagnosed as having Behçet's Disease between 1976 and 1990 were asked to attend the dermatology department so that their diagnosis could be reviewed in the light of recently established criteria for the diagnosis of Behçet's disease. Ten patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria, nine of whom agreed to participate in this endoscopic study. Nine patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, three of whom had dyspepsia alone, two had dysphagia and dyspepsia, one had symptoms of acid regurgitation, and the remainder were asymptomatic at the time of endoscopy. One patient had evidence of grade 1 reflux esophagitis, one had an incidental pyloric canal ulcer, and one patient who had severe dysphagia on presentation was found to have a high esophageal stricture with accompanying ulceration. Behçet's disease rarely affects the esophagus but when present can cause marked esophagitis with consequent stricture formation. Since the incidence of esophageal involvement was low (11%), we conclude that unless the patient had marked esophageal symptoms there is no indication for routine endoscopy of patients with Behçet's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Transthoracic endoscopy for upper thoracic chemical sympathectomy.

Beginning in April 1989, we have performed eight upper thoracic chemical sympathectomies by transthoracic endoscopy. The indications were occlusive arterial disease in four patients and Raynaud's syndrome and palmar hyperhidrosis in two patients each. Transthoracic endoscopy was performed under general anesthesia, through the third costal interspace on the anterior mid-clavicular line. Five ml of phenol were injected into the parietal pleura covering the three proximal thoracic ganglia. The duration of thoracic drainage was 24 hours. The postoperative course was uneventful except for one case of subcutaneous emphysema and transient Horner's syndrome in three instances. There were no initial failures. Because of its simplicity and the short hospitalization period, chemical sympathectomy by transthoracic endoscopy constitutes a valuable alternative to conventional surgery. This technique is, however, limited in the case of antecedent pleuropulmonary disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Does empiric esophageal dilation benefit dysphagia when endoscopy is normal?

Some patients referred for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) to evaluate symptoms of dysphagia have normal endoscopies. How best to manage these patients is unclear. We reviewed our experience with empiric esophageal dilation in this setting. Over a five-year period, 40 consecutive patients with esophageal dysphagia and normal EGD underwent empiric esophageal dilation at the time of their endoscopy. Postdilation follow-up was available in 37 of the 40. The patients were divided into two groups depending on whether their dysphagia was to solid food only or to both solids and liquids. The two groups were comparable as regards age, sex, and the frequency of heartburn. Complete resolution of dysphagia was seen in 19 of 20 patients (95%) with solid-food-only dysphagia. In contrast, only two of 17 patients (12%) with solid and liquid dysphagia had complete resolution with empiric dilation, although another six patients (35%) had partial improvement. The difference in response between the two groups was highly significant (P < 0.0001). The response to dilation in patients with dysphagia to solid food only was often long-lasting. Most patients with dysphagia to solid food only and a normal EGD benefit from empiric esophageal dilation performed at the time of their endoscopy. In contrast, few patients with dysphagia to both solids and liquids respond.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Virtual endoscopy: current perspectives.

Virtual endoscopy is a new method for evaluating the gastrointestinal tract using either thin-section computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The acquired data are then subjected to computer manipulation to render images simulating the conventional endoscopic view. CT and MR imaging data can provide information that is not accessible endoscopically. These important features include information on tissue extending through and beyond organ walls and the anatomic context of the entire gastrointestinal tract, which permits correct anatomic localization of the lesion. Many clinical studies have shown that it is a safe, noninvasive, well-tolerated alternative to conventional endoscopy. Virtual endoscopy may have potential as a method of screening for colorectal cancer. This review describes the technique, reviews reported results, and discusses the present and future applications of this technique, focusing on CT colography (CTC).

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

Comparative evaluation of scintigraphy and upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy for detection of duodenogastric reflux.

Duodenogastric reflux, the reflux of duodenal bile into stomach, when suspected clinically requires an objective evaluation for proper management. In this study hepatobiliary scintigraphy in 91 patients of different clinical conditions was evaluated for presence of duodenogastric reflux. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was also performed in 44 of these patients. On scintigraphy duodenogastric reflux was present in 26 (29%) of 91 patients. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed presence of refluxed bile in the stomach in 12 (27%) of 44 patients. In the same groups of patients scintigraphy detected reflux in 18 (41%) of 44 patients. This shows that hepatobiliary scintigraphy is superior to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in detection of duodenogastric reflux and also has the advantage of being non-invasive and physiological.

Cholecystectomy↗
PubMed2003

Diagnosis of angiodysplasia on the caudal aspect of the pylorus: need for side-viewing endoscopy.

Recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with upper gastrointestinal angiodysplasia is common after treatment. This probably is related to the difficulty identifying all the lesions because they frequently are multiple and can be located in areas not easily visualized with forward-viewing endoscopy. We report two cases of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding in whom angiodysplasia as found at surgical enteroscopy on the caudal aspect of the pylorus that could not be identified with forward-viewing endoscopy. The lesions were ablated at the time of surgery or subsequently after location with side-viewing endoscopy, and no further bleeding occurred.

Angiodysplasia↗
PubMed1999

Surgical treatment of pineal region tumours through the occipital transtentorial approach: evaluation of the effectiveness of intra-operative micro-endoscopy combined with neuronavigation.

OBJECT: To determine the efficacy and accuracy of surgically-assisted systems including endoscopy combined with neuronavigation in the treatment of pineal region tumours through the occipital transtentorial approach, an evaluation of thirty-one patients undergoing surgery was performed over a 10-year period. METHOD: The study was performed in 2 parts. The surgical approach to the pineal region was the same in the two parts, but in part 2 a smaller craniotomy window was used. Part 1 (from March 1989 to March 1997) included 15 patients who underwent surgical removal of pineal region tumours without using assisted systems; four out of the fifteen patients had surgery-related complications, including seizure and hemianopsia. Part 2 (from April 1997 to February 1999) included 16 patients who underwent surgical treatment by the same surgical team and with assisted systems; all 16 patients had excellent outcomes, with no complications. CONCLUSIONS: Although this study was the first specifically to examine the efficacy of endoscopy combined with neuronavigation in the treatment of pineal region tumours, our findings suggest that these systems are very useful, safe, and accurate in evaluating the primary tumour and surrounding anatomy as well as in determining operative strategy, such as the location and size of the scalp incision, craniotomy, and the extent of surgical removal. Therefore, we conclude that the addition of endoscopy combined with neuronavigation to standard surgical procedures can improve the outcome of surgical treatment of pineal region tumours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Endoscopy-guided balloon dilatation of esophageal strictures and anastomotic strictures after esophageal replacement in children.

This study evaluates the safety, efficacy, and technical problems of the new technique of endoscopy-guided balloon dilation (EGBD) in the treatment of strictures of the esophagus and its replacement. Between 1986 and 1990, the authors treated 33 children (aged 3 weeks to 20 years) with EGBD; 18 had esophageal strictures (primary esophageal atresia repair, 13; reflux esophagitis, 5), 13 had anastomotic strictures after esophageal replacement (colon, 12; stomach, 1), and 2 had caustic strictures. The majority (23 of 33) had previously failed to respond to conventional bouginage (mean, 11.2 sessions; range, 1 to 32 sessions). EGBD was performed using flexible endoscopy and flouroscopic screening under general anesthesia. Endoscopy identified and resolved the errors or uncertainties of preoperative contrast studies in 7 patients, 5 of whom had colon interposition. EGBD was achieved in all 31 patients with esophageal or replacement strictures; the mean number of EGDB procedures per patient was 2.1 (range 1 to 7). Symptomatic relief was excellent in 24 and moderate in 7 patients. Both patients with caustic strictures had esophageal perforation from EGBD (excessive inflation, 1; false passage of guide wire, 1). Patients who had experienced both conventional bouginage and EGBD noticed less pain with EGBD and resumed eating sooner. The authors conclude that EGBD is safe and effective for treating esophageal and replacement strictures but not caustic strictures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A model for fetal surgery through intrauterine endoscopy.

Video-endoscopic technology may offer new hope for the future of fetal surgery. Ten time-dated pregnant ewes (95 to 105 days; term, 145 days) were used to develop a model of fetal surgery through intrauterine endoscopy. Special 5-mm ports were designed with short, flexible, balloon-tipped shafts. The cannulas were inserted through purse-stringed hysterostomies. Amnioinfusion of warmed physiological fluid (Hartmann) was used as the work medium. Fetal heart rate and oxygen saturation (pulse oximetry), temperature, and amniotic pressure were monitored continuously through endoscopically placed sensors. Surgical procedures included subcutaneous dissection of the abdominal wall and ligation of the urethra in the male fetus (n = 7), ligation of the urachus within the umbilical cord (n = 8), and endoscopy of the fetal esophagus and trachea (n = 6). Bloodless surgery was achieved with a novel coagulation device that allows bipolar cutting and coagulation in an electrolyte-rich fluid medium. The mean fetal operative time was 147 minutes (range, 130 to 195). The intraamniotic temperature was maintained between 38.0 +/- 0.9 degrees C and 41.7 +/- 1.7 degrees C throughout the procedure. Oxygen saturation ranged from 51 +/- 20% to 72 +/- 14%, and fetal heart rate from 120 to 140 beats per minute. In conclusion, intrauterine endoscopy in a fluid medium allows fully monitored surgical procedures, lasting more than 2 hours, to be performed on the fetal lamb.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Viral transmission and fibreoptic endoscopy.

Fibreoptic endoscopes have been responsible for outbreaks of infection with bacteria although viral transmission has been reported only once. The emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has prompted a review of infection control practices in endoscopy units because of the theoretical possibility that HIV might be transmitted at endoscopy. Recent studies have shown that bronchoscopes and gastroscopes used on AIDS patients become contaminated with HIV genetic material although cleaning equipment in detergent removes all traces of the virus. Thorough precleaning has been shown to eliminate even high titres of HIV from endoscopes and 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde has been found to inactivate the virus rapidly even if the virus is dried in serum to a surface. These findings support the British Society of Gastroenterology recommendations for the cleaning and disinfection of endoscopic equipment and demonstrate that a uniform policy of infection control is practicable in endoscopy units.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1994

Salivary gland endoscopy: a new technique for diagnosis and treatment of sialolithiasis.

PURPOSE: To describe the use of endoscopy as a technique for diagnosing and treating sialolithiasis. Sialolithiasis is a common pathology of the major salivary glands, yet its accurate detection and treatment is still intriguing. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eight cases of sialolithiasis were treated with our new technique which combines endoscopy and treatment. Two illustrative patients treated by this technique are described in detail. CONCLUSION: Endoscopy, has gained popularity in most surgical fields. We found that the available standard equipment used for TMJ arthroscopy can be used for exploration and extraction of calculi from the salivary ductal system.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The role of endoscopy in early postoperative haemorrhage.

Diagnostic as well as therapeutic endoscopy has a decisive role in management of early postoperative haemorrhage. Endoscopy combines easy access to the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract and application of an array of interventional tools. In near future, even the small bowel will be accessible for diagnostic and therapeutic measures due to the advent of double-balloon enteroscopy. Thus, the endoscopist increasingly replaces the surgeon for diagnosis and therapy of postsurgical bleeding. Published data on frequency and aetiology of postoperative haemorrhage are scarce and mainly casuistic. Sources of gastrointestinal bleeding associated with surgery may be: anastomotic ulcers, mucosal ischaemia, 'stress' ulcers, reflux-induced lesions, coagulopathies (e.g. in sepsis or after organ transplantation) and aortoenteric fistula after bypass surgery. The endoscopist will frequently identify the culprit lesion and guide further management of the patient (e.g. endoscopic approach, repeated surgery, interventional radiology). All accessible lesions in postoperative haemorrhage should primarily be treated by endoscopic means, except aortoenteric fistulas. There is even a place for repeated endoscopy in recurrent bleeding. In the face of lacking controlled data, the endoscopist often has to rely on his personal experience in the selection of therapeutic options.

Digestive System Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed2005

Capsule endoscopy for the diagnosis and follow-up of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome.

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome is a rare disorder characterised by cutaneous and gastrointestinal vascular malformations. A 31-year-old man came under our observation with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Hemangiomas on his back and the multiple bluish vascular lesions in the distal ileum revealed by capsule endoscopy led to the diagnosis of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome. The patient was treated with octreotide to prevent rebleeding. During the 12 months of treatment he had no gastrointestinal bleeding episodes or anaemia. Then repeat capsule endoscopy showed that the small bowel vascular lesions were unchanged. Capsule endoscopy may be a useful tool for diagnosing and monitoring the effects of therapy in patients with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

CT and virtual endoscopy findings in congenital laryngeal web.

Laryngeal web is a rare lesion resulting from incomplete recanalization of the primitive larynx. Because the extent of airway involvement affects surgical management, patients should be studied thoroughly before treatment. Although the diagnosis is based on the endoscopy findings in most of the cases, laryngoscopy may fail to show the subglottic extension of the disease. Virtual endoscopy may provide the information needed for surgery in such cases. Here, we report the computed tomography and virtual endoscopy findings in a 5-year-old child with a laryngeal web.

Airway Obstruction↗