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PubMedDate not supplied

[Contribution of electromyography to the diagnosis of acute radicular or medullary cervical disc palsies (author's transl)].

Operative treatment was employed in 38 patients with cervical disc lesions. These had produced either compression of spinal cord nerves, especially C6 or C7 (22 cases), or cervical ischemic lesions (16 cases) of the centromedullary region, either isolated or associated with symmetrical, bilateral cord lesions. A study of pre- and post-operative clinical and electromyographic correlations enabled differentiation of acute cervical radioculopathies from myelopathies and definition of their progression as a function of the surgical treatment employed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Contribution of electromyography to the study of ulnar nerve lesions in the hand. Compression syndrome of the motor branch of the ulnar nerve (author's transl)].

Standard electromyographic investigations: detection and stimulodetection; segmental motor nerve conduction rate, distal motor latencies (interphalangeal V and I short abductor muscles), and distal sensory (antidromic) conduction time, were used to explore seven cases of distal paralysis of the ulnar nerve. Results enabled differentiation of elective lesions of the deep motor branch from those of the ulnar nerve in Guyon's canal. These two types of lesion correspond to precise anatomical features: the channel between the pisiform and unciform bones on the one hand and Guyon's canal on the other. The electroclinical syndrome of the deep branch should be considered as a separate true canalicular syndrome. Treatment is by surgery in most cases.

Electromyography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Value of electromyography in the thoracic outlet syndrome (author's transl)].

Electromyogram studies were conducted in 55 patients with the thoracic outlet syndrome, together with the motor nerve conduction velocity (M.N.C.V) in the median cubital nerves, between the Erb's point and axilla and in the upper limb. Distal S.N.C.V. was measured in 19 cases. Proximal nerve compression was confirmed in 29% of cases, with associated carpal canal compression in 22%. The proximal N.C.V. of the median and cubital in the neurological forms, and of the median in the neurovascular forms, were significantly different from normal values in 18 control subjects, but were not so in the vascular forms. Through E.M.G. examination cannot confirm the need for surgery it can supply supportive evidence. No correlation between the clinical course and the proximal N.C.V. was found in the 18 patients seen after treatment (surgery in 13 cases).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Value of electromyography in the child. Apropos of 1,624 examinations performed over a 3 year period].

EMG and nerve conduction studies have limitations and require particular consideration in children. The indications and the main results are considered from the study of 1624 EMGs in 1385 children under 15 years old seen over a period of 3 years. Classification of cases was based on clinical criteria. The diagnostic yield of EMG is emphasized in the evaluation of 122 children with hypotonia and weakness (all under 3 years old); abnormalities were demonstrated in 48% leading to the diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy in 16%, of congenital myopathies in 11%, and of peripheral neuropathies in 8%. In 103 children with hypotonia associated with mental deficiency and/or seizures, evidence of a peripheral neuropathy was shown in 20%. EMG abnormalities allowing the diagnosis of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies or myopathies were demonstrated in a wide range of clinical conditions. EMG appears to be useful for the early detection of hereditary myopathies or neuropathies in asymptomatic children. It may have also a prognostic value as in adults, especially in nerve traumas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Needle electromyography. Fundamentals, normal and abnormal patterns.

The needle electromyographic (EMG) examination is a challenging component of the electrophysiologic study. Knowledge of anatomy and physiology, sound EMG technique, and good patient rapport are required. Every muscle sampled by needle EMG is assessed for insertional activity, spontaneous activity, and voluntary motor-unit action potentials. Key pieces of information obtained from the needle EMG examination include the localization of the disorder, its chronicity, severity, and whether or not the underlying pathophysiology is neuropathic, myopathic, or associated with a neuromuscular junction disorder.

Electrodes↗
PubMed2003

High spatial resolution electromyography and video-assisted movement analysis in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy.

Two tools developed at the Institute for Biomedical Technologies and their use in children with obstetric brachial plexus lesions, a rather complex upper limb movement disorder, have been presented in this article. The authors have given examples of useful patterns correlated to defined clinical situations, such as the reinnervation process in a voluntary muscle, the coactivation of antagonistic muscles, and the ill-defined individual motion pattern in an affected limb. The authors believe these dynamic descriptions combining electrophysiologic and video techniques offer excellent clinical possibilities for the future. Further attempts will be made to adapt them to clinical situations and thus contribute to a more objective and better scientific understanding of upper limb movement.

Brachial Plexus Neuropathies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of use of a wrist orthosis during functional activities on surface electromyography of the wrist extensors in normal subjects.

Wrist orthoses are advocated for patients with lateral epicondylitis on the assumption that use of the orthosis decreases muscle activity of the wrist extensors during activities. The purpose of this study was to compare the amount of electrical activity, root mean square (RMS) calculated from surface EMG recorded over the wrist extensors, during activities when applying four conditions of wrist orthoses: dorsal; volar; semicircular; and no orthosis. Thirteen normal subjects (mean age 27.7 years) performed three lifting and two gripping tasks, repeated on three consecutive days under four orthotic conditions. Measured were RMS and maximum voluntary grip strength. Repeated measures ANOVA's indicated a significant decrease of RMS using the semicircular design during lifting (p < .0005). Grip strength decreased significantly using all three orthotic designs, but RMS recorded during gripping did not. It was concluded that application of a wrist orthosis reduces electrical activity of the wrist extensors less than anticipated and only during lifting.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The clinical significance of electromyography normalisation techniques in subjects with anterior cruciate ligament injury during treadmill walking.

This study investigated the clinical interpretation of three electromyographic (EMG) normalisation techniques to detect neuromuscular alterations in patients diagnosed with anterior cruciate ligament knee injury during treadmill walking. The EMG signal was normalised using the mean value during the gait cycles (MEA), the maximum value during the gait cycles (MAX), and a maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) test in 16 male and female subjects. The MAX method detected an increase in total muscle activity in the injured limb rectus femoris (11.6%; P=0.02) while the MVC method detected decreased injured limb gastrocnemius medialis (GM) overall muscle activity (34.4%; P=0.02). The MAX method identified decreased GM activity in three portions of the gait cycle. This study indicates the importance of choosing the appropriate normalisation technique since its choice will change outcome measures and subsequent clinical interpretation.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Surface electromyography analysis for variable gait.

The surface electromyographic (SEMG) signal obtained during gait is often presented as the SEMG profile, the average SEMG activation pattern during one gait cycle. A disadvantage of this method is that it omits the step-to-step variability of the timing of the muscle activation patterns that might be relevant information as a performance measure of motor control and balance. In this paper, a method was used in which every step in the gait cycle could be analysed with respect to the timing of the muscle activation. For this purpose, the approximated generalised likelihood (AGLR) algorithm was implemented and tested. Results of the simulations show that the AGLR was much more accurate than a standard threshold criterion. Timing parameters could be calculated from a SEMG recording during gait and a measure for symmetry and coordination could be extracted. The amplitude distribution within and outside defined bursts is also presented to avoid the less precise classification into on and off patterns.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Reproducibility of electromyography and ground reaction force during various running techniques.

This study examined the validity of the assumption of electromyographic (EMG) and vertical ground reaction force (GRF) parameter reproducibility during running at different velocities and stride frequencies. Each of 12 female long distance runners ran on a treadmill in combinations of three velocities (2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 m/s) and three stride frequencies (preferred, +/-10% from preferred). Seven parameters from the GRF and five parameters from the EMG signals from five muscles of the lower extremity were evaluated (1000 Hz). The GRF was analysed by a pressure measuring insoles. A total number of three trials for each running condition were recorded. GRF parameters during all running conditions showed high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC average 0.87). The ICC of the EMG parameters of gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis were high (r>0.69 in 73% of the data), while those for vastus lateralis (22%), hamstrings (42%) and tibialis anterior (51%) were clearly lower. The results revealed that GRF parameters were reproducible during all running techniques indicating that a single trial would provide reproducible GRF-data. The reproducibility of the EMG parameters was not influenced by the running technique but dependent on the parameter itself and on the muscle studied.

Adult↗