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At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Fluid-aided sonography of the stomach and duodenum in the diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease in adult patients.

Sixty-five patients with a clinical suspicion of peptic ulcer disease were evaluated with fluid-aided sonography (US). The results were compared with endoscopic and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series findings. Fifteen normal volunteers were examined by US only. The stomach and duodenum were both adequately visualized in 12 of the normal volunteers and in 51 of the study patients. US detected wall abnormalities in 21 of 23 patients (91%) with abnormal UGI series and endoscopy in the antropyloric and duodenal regions, although none of the 17 documented ulcers were visible by US. Abnormalities detected with US included increased wall thickness (mean, 12.85 mm), asymmetric thickening of the mucosa and muscularis, spasm, and deformity. US was considered normal in 25 of 28 patients (89%) with normal UGI series and endoscopy. The results suggest that US may be a useful nonstressful procedure in the evaluation of peptic ulcer disease previously diagnosed by UGI series or endoscopy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[The role of the duodenum in digestive function. II. Notes on physiopathology].

On the basis of the concepts presented in Note I, the effects of excluding the duodenum from the digestive circuit are examined. In practice, the effects are reflected in disturbances to intestinal canalization with consequent post-prandial syndromes, and to the digestion and absorption of foods (deficiency syndromes). Over and above histological, biological and biochemical findings, the severe pathology affecting the entire digestive function brought on by the elimination of the manifold, complex activities of the "duodenal laboratory" were confirmed clinically.

Deficiency Diseases↗
PubMed1999

[Morphological features of lymphoid structures in the walls of the duodenum in adults].

Morphological characteristics of lymphoid structures in the walls of duodenum in adults are presented including the data on the thickness of layers of duodenal wall at different regions, the dimensions of lymphatic nodules and the depth they lie at and the arrangement of diffuse lymphoid tissue. These findings may help to approach the understanding of mechanisms of immune processes in people of different age.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Abdominal aortic aneurysm ruptured into duodenum].

We described a case of abdominal aortic aneurysm ruptured into duodenum. It was diagnosed successfully before laparotomy using duodenoscopy. We think that gastrointestinal endoscopy allows to make a correct diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modifications of the duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection.

Surgery for chronic pancreatitis has gained wide acceptance because of excellent results regarding pain alleviation and control of complications arising from adjacent organs. After the introduction of the duodenum preserving pancreatic head resection by Beger almost three decades ago, many modifications have been proposed, evaluated and compared. This article reviews the variety of operations, the reported results and potential advantages. Besides the Beger- and Frey procedure, none of the modifications have been properly evaluated in a prospective randomised trial. Both procedures managed to relief the outlined problems while achieving low operative mortality and morbidity. Only the operations according to Beger and Frey can be considered standard procedures in chronic Pancreatitis.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Traumatic rupture of the pancreas and duodenum in pre-existing penetrating duodenal ulcer].

Pancreatic injuries are rare complications after blunt abdominal trauma and usually the result of a direct force separating the pancreatic body in front of the vertebral column. This case report describes the uncommon event of a severe pancreatic and duodenal injury (stage IV b of Lukas) in which the combination of a direct force and the setting of a preexisting penetrating ulcer of the duodenum caused the extent of the pancreatic and duodenal injury [9]. Because of the preexisting lesion a Whipple procedure had to be performed. This case report demonstrates the influence of chronic abdominal diseases on the outcome of blunt abdominal trauma.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2000

Effect of neonatal MSG treatment on day-night alkaline phosphatase activity in the rat duodenum.

The day-night variation of food intake and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity was studied in the duodenum of rats neonatally treated with monosodium glutamate (MSG) and saline-treated (control) rats. The animals were kept under light-dark conditions (light phase from 09:00 h to 21:00 h) with free access to food. AP activity was cytophotometrically analyzed in the brush-border of enterocytes separated from the tip, middle and cryptal part of the villi every 6 h over a 24-hour period. In comparison with the controls, MSG-treated rats consumed about 40% less food during the dark period and their 24-hour food intake was thus significantly lowered (P<0.001). On the other hand, the nocturnal feeding habit showed a similar pattern: food consumption was high during the night (65% vs. 75%) and the lowest consumption was found during the light phase (35% vs. 25%) in MSG-treated and control rats, respectively. In agreement with the rhythm of food intake, the highest AP activity was observed during the dark phase and was lowest during the light phase in both groups of animals. These significant day-night variations showed nearly the same pattern in the enterocytes of all observed parts along the villus axis. In comparison with the controls, a permanent increase of AP activity was observed in neonatal MSG-treated rats. This increase was more expressive during the dark phase of the day in the cryptal (P<0.001) and middle part of the villus (P<0.01). From the viewpoint of feeding, this enzyme in MSG-treated rats was enhanced in an inverse relation to the amount of food eaten i.e. despite sustained hypophagia the mean AP activity in the enterocytes along the villus axis was higher than in the control animals during all investigated periods. The present results suggest that the increased AP activity in MSG-treated rats is probably not a consequence of actual day-night eating perturbations but could be a component of a more general effect of MSG. This information contributes to better understanding of the function of intestinal AP and its relation to day-night feeding changes especially in connection with the MSG syndrome.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2000

Participation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in nitric oxide pathway in cat duodenum.

The effect of activation of muscarinic acetylcholine subtype M1 receptors on the electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced contractions in cat duodenal muscle strips was investigated. EFS elicited two types of responses: a) on-contraction; and b) off-contraction. The EFS-evoked responses were tetrodotoxin- and atropine-sensitive. In all strips the muscarinic acetylcholine subtype M1 agonist (4-Hydroxy-2-butynyl)-1-trimethylammonium-m-chlorocarbanilate chloride (McN-A-343) increased the tone and the amplitude of the spontaneous contractions. On this background EFS produced an inhibition of the phasic contractions at switching on the stimulation, followed by off-contractions. The EFS-induced inhibition was removed by N omega-nitro-L-arginine and was partly overcome by L-arginine. The results suggest the participation of muscarinic acetylcholine subtipe M1 receptors in the mediation of nitrergic inhibitory responses in cat duodenum.

(4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethy↗
PubMed1975

Effects of double and multiple doses of hydroxyurea on mouse duodenum and mammary tumors.

Previous data on the effects of a single dose of hydroxyurea on C3H mouse duodenum and mammary tumors from a fast growing line (S102F) were used to predict times that may be optimal (i.e., minimize killing of the duodenal S-phase cells while enhancing the killing of tumor S-phase cells) for the administration of subsequent doses of hydroxyurea. These predicted protocols were tested by giving tumor-bearing mice injections of 2 doses at 24 hr intervals. A preliminary in vivo tumor treatment experiment was also done wherein multiple doses (up to 10) were given either at 12, 20, or 24 hr intervals with the mouse survival, body weights, and tumor volumes being recorded daily. The data show that partial cell synchronization was achieved in both tissues and the initial knetics of the surviving cells was essentially the same after a single dose, 2 doses, or 4 doses of hydoxyurea. Also, the different intervals between the 2 doses did not affect the timing of the initital peaks of DNA synthesis in partially synchronized cells; however, the height of the peaks was affected The results demonstrate that kinetic data can be useful for predicting optimal intervals for 2-dose regimes and probably multiple-dose regimes involving a single cell-cycle phase-speeific drug when applied to a mouse tumor model. However, the recovery phenomena in the respective tissues are extremely complicated and more animal tumor data need to be collected before one can make adquate use of cell-synchronizing agents and perturbed cellular kinetic data for routine clinical chemotherapy or combined modality therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Effect of heparinoid derived from porcine duodenum on the proliferation of cultured smooth muscle cells].

AIM: To study the antiproliferative effect of haparinoid derived from porcine duodenum (heparinoid) on cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. METHODS: Cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells (BASMCs) of 5-10 passages were seeded into 24 and 72-well cluster culture plates and were synchronized by 48 h serum deprivation. Then, the cells were re-stimulated by serum repletion with or without heparinoid. The antiproliferative effect of heparinoid was evaluated by crystal violet staining and MTT assay 72 h after serum repletion. To study the drug action on cytomorphological changes, three kinds of cells [quiescent cells, cells treated with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) with or without heparinoid] were observed by transmission electron microscopy. After synchronized and re-stimulated as above, BASMCs were treated with heparinoid 0.8 mg.mL-1 at selected points during serum repletion. The cells were harvested at specified times after serum repletion, then cellular DNA contents (to estimate the proportions of cells in different phases of the cell cycle) and the contents of alpha-actin, c-myc and c-fos proteins were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Heparinoid was shown to inhibit the proliferation of BASMCs induced by 10% FCS. The inhibitory effect was weakened when heparinoid was added 2 h after serum repletion, and there was no antiproliferative effect when heparinoid was added 12 h after serum repletion. Electron micrographs showed that cells treated with 10% FCS and heparinoid expressed a contractile phenotype, while cells treated with 10% FCS only expressed a synthetic phenotype. Flow cytometry study showed remarkable increase of alpha-actin, and decrease of c-myc and c-fos proteins in the cells treated with heparinoid. CONCLUSION: Heparinoid was found to inhibit the proliferation of BASMCs. The antiproliferative effect occurred at the early phase of the cell cycle. It might be due to the drug's influence on cell phenotype modulation and the down regulation of c-myc and c-fos proto-oncogenes expression.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[The role of free radicals in inflammatory states, ulceration, and ulcers of the stomach and duodenum].

The free radicals derived from oxygen have been implicated in damage caused to the gastroduodenal mucosa. The association between the mucosal production of reactive oxygen radicals in the gastric antrum and duodenum, Helicobacter pylori density and duodenal ulcer has been previously described. The role of interleukin IL-8 in the inflammatory process and its relationship with reactive oxygen radicals has also been investigated. These results indicate that oxygen radicals play an important role in the mechanism of ulcer aggravation induced by a variety of different factors.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Retroperitoneal rupture of the duodenum caused by closed abdominal injury].

Preoperative diagnosis of retroperitoneal rupture of the duodenum is very difficult. Radiographical observation of air surrounding the right kidney or psoas muscle is of great assistance in this respect, but may only be expected in 30% of cases. Examination of the first segment of the digestive tract with the aid of "gastropgrafin" is advised. With the abdomen open, the presence of air, haematoma or bile in the transverse mesocolon or mesentery of the small intestine may be noted. In most cases, the breach can be closed with a double layer, leaving a drainage tube in the retroperitoneum. Measures than can be taken when suturing is unfeasable are also described.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1975

[Ultrastructural changes in the proper layer of the mucous membrane of the duodenum following general gamma-irradiation].

The work has been performed on mature male Wistar rats which were irradiated in a "Gamma-Sell-220" apparatus in the dose of 1000 r, with thepower 42 r/sec. It has been shown that in early terms after irradiation (1-6 hours) slightly pronounced destructive changes were observed in cellular and fibrous structures of the stroma of theproper layer of the duodenum membrane in addition to pronounced exudative changes. Further, the latter increased and became maximum within 24 hours. The edema extends into the basal part of enterocytes and between the stroma cells giving rize to desorganization of all mucous membran elements. Seventy two hours after irradiation the destructive changes in cellular and fibrous structures of the mucous membrane layer proper became predominant. The authors make a conclusion that the changes in the stroma aggravate dysfunction of the epithelium injured by the irradiation energy.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Histological changes in rat duodenum mucosa after whole-body gamma irradiation.

In order to understand the mechanisms of intestinal injuries due to ionizing radiation, various groups of rats have been whole-body irradiated by gamma-rays at two dose rates (1 Gy/min and 1 Gy/hr), three doses (1, 2 and 4 Gy) and two post-irradiation times (24 and 48 hr). Duodenum samples of the animals were prepared for light microscopy, according to classical methods for histology and TUNEL reaction. A small number of morphological differences were observed within the mucosa between the two dose rates used. The extent and the number of lesions were more important at the slower dose rate (1 Gy/hr) and increased with the total dose. Clear cavities were seen inside the lamina propria which appeared like capillaries free of blood cells. The mitotic index calculated from crypt cells showed a regular decrease with the dose, which was exacerbated at 48 hr post-irradiation. On the other hand, the apoptotic index increased with the dose and the postirradiation time. Our results lead to hypothesize another mechanism of intestinal mucosa renewal allowing to explain mucosa denudations observed after radiotherapy. Thus we propose a new concept in which the duodenal mucosa renewal may occur by whole villi shedding into the duodenal lumen.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Mechanism of the serotonin effect on motility of the duodenum, ileum, and jejunum in awake rabbits].

I. v. administration of serotonin to alert rabbits produced a phasic change of contractile activity of duodenum, ileum, and jejunum including excitatory and inhibitory components. It is shown that stimulation of the small bowel motility is caused by serotonin activation of non-cholinergic excitatory mechanism with participation of effector cholinergic neurones. The initial suppression of the motility is caused by participation of nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory mechanism, and the secondary inhibition of contractile activity of a small bowel with serotonin has an adrenergic nature.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗