SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Disorders”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

[CNS disorders caused by metabolic disorders].

A guideline for early diagnosis of metabolic disorders affecting central nervous system during neonatal and early infancy was presented. Clinical manifestations associated with inborn errors of metabolism in the neonatal period are poor feeding, vomiting, diarrhea, abnormalities in muscle tonus, dyspnea, convulsion, coma and so on, and these are not specific to each disorder. However, such symptoms or signs as described below have often intimate relation to metabolic disorders: (1) previous children died of undetermined causes during early infancy; (2) complication of sepsis; (3) onset in the early neonatal period; (4) developmental and growth retardation. When newborns and infants have these symptoms or signs, we should start simple screening studies immediately for metabolic disorders, including CBC, hepatic function tests, blood glucose, lactate, pyruvate, ketone bodies, ammonia, blood gas analysis, urinalysis (including non-glucose reducing substance tests and FeCl3 reaction) and so on. As for CBC, we have to make our own effort to find spherocytosis and vacuoles in lymphocytes. Family history, especially the mother's personal history, is indispensable. During physical examinations, we must pay attention to facial appearance, skin color, macroglossia, hair abnormalities, peculiar odor of the urine and hepatosplenomegaly. When abnormality is found in these clinical signs or simple laboratory examinations, we should not hesitate to start dietary treatment even if special examinations for differential diagnosis are on the way.

Blood Gas Analysis↗

PubMed1990

[Epidemiological survey of psychiatric disorders of Japanese school children. Part 2. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in school children].

An epidemiological survey of mental health of Japanese regular public school children was performed using both Rutter's teacher's and parent's questionnaires as a screening instrument and a diagnostic interview as a definitive method. A total of 592 junior high and elementary school children, average age 13.2 years old and ranging from 10 to 15 years old, were examined in the preliminary survey. Purposes were to study survey methodology and to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders. In part 1, the Japanese version of Rutter's questionnaire was found to be satisfactory for screening, and the diagnostic interview by pediatricians in this survey was shown to be a reliable tool for the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders of the adolescent. In the present study, psychiatric disorder prevalence and characteristics were studied. The 592 school children were divided into 3 groups by the Rutter's questionnaires: 1) 55 positive children by Rutter's method, 2) 424 negative children having no risk factors by Rutter's method, 3) 112 negative children by Rutter's method having some risk factors such as "school problems", "visits to school nurse", and "not being liked by peers". All of the 55 positive children and 144 children randomly selected from the negative group were interviewed and diagnosed by pediatricians, and estimates of prevalence rates for mental disorder were determined for the 3 children groups. It was 51% in the positive group, 11% in the negative group having no risk factors, and 25% in the negative group having some risk factors. Thus, the prevalence rate for the total group of 591 children was 17%, with one case of mental retardation being excluded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of protocol for the craniomandibular disorders. 2. Craniomandibular disorders according to new classification].

The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual state in the patients with extensive pathological states of craniomandibular disorders (CMDs). 100 patients, with their ages ranging from 11 to 77 years old, were selected for the study and they were divided into 5 groups according to classification of Japanese Society for Temporomandibular Joint. The following results were obtained: 1. By classification type, the ratio was 88, 16, 8 and 2% for Type III, Type I, Type IV and Type II. Type V was not found. 2. 22% of patients were male and 78% were female. The ratio of male and female was 1:4. 3. By age group, the ratio was 34, 23, 18, 12, 11, 1 and 1% for twenties, tens, thirties, fifties, forties, sixties and seventies. CMDs was found highly in younger ages (tens and twenties). 4. The ratio diagnosed Type III was 86.9, 97.0, 88.8 and 83.3% for tens, twenties, thirties and forties. Type III was found high ratio in all ages. 5. In all patients, right TMJ with disorder 37%, left TMJ with disorder 34%, bilateral TMJ with disorder 29%. There were no difference between right and left. 6. As can be seen from the above, young individuals with CMDs were clearly high ratio and many CMDs were diagnosed Type III through all the ages. Therefore, the results of our study suggest that young CMDs patients could be increasing gradually and complicating a pathological state.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

[Heart rhythm disorders in acute cerebral circulatory disorders].

The authors studied 101 patients with a combination of acute disorders of brain circulation and changes in the rhythm of heart activity in the form of sinus tachycardia, extra-systolia, fluttering arythmia. In ischemic strokes fluttering arythmia was encountered quite frequently while as in hemmorhages it was almost never seen. In 20 cases disorders of heart rhythm appeared following several days or more after the stroke. These data permit to assume that disorders of rhythm in the heart activity may be one of the pathogenetical factors of acute disorders of brain circulation. Their appearance after strokes is most frequently associated with signs of acute or exacerbated coronary insufficiency. Flutter arythmia in patients with strokes should be taken into consideration indifferential diagnosis of brain haemmorhages and infarctions.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

[Cerebral circulatory disorders in patients with cardiovascular diseases accompanied by cardiac rhythm disorders].

The authors examined 180 patients where disorders of cerebral circulation developed on the background of different disturbance of the heart rhythm. The patients suffered from rheumatic heart disease, hypertensive disease or atherosclerosis in concomitance with ischemic heart disease. For comparison, 100 patients with similar disorders were studied, but without disturbances of heart rhythm. It was established that disorders of cerebral circulation were more frequently seen in permanent forms of cardiac fibrillation and less so in paroxysmal cardiac fibrillation and extrasystoles. The most severe disorders of cerebral circulation were seen in combinations of permanent forms of cardiac fibrillation with single and frequent ventricular extrasystoles in patients with rheumatic heart disease.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Assessment of sexuality in patients diagnosed as having an anxiety attack-induced disorder (sexuality in patients with anxiety-induced disorder].

Throughout the history of Psychiatry, it is a well known fact the importance of sexuality in Anxiety Disorders. The authors study in a sample of 90 persons, 45 diagnosed as Panic Disorder and 45 controls, several aspects of psychosexuality and its correlationship with anxiety levels, measured by Zung Anxiety Scale and AMDP-AT Scale. The results show that Panic Disorder patients suffer, in a significative way, from a poor psychosexual adjustment, lower levels of satisfaction and higher feelings of guilt in relation to sexuality. There are also differences between Panic Disorder patients with and without agoraphobia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

School observations of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbid tic disorder: effects of methylphenidate treatment.

Although the findings from recent controlled studies suggest that methylphenidate is a safe and effective treatment for many children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid tic disorder, relatively little is known about drug effects on school behavior. Thirty-four prepubertal children with ADHD and tic disorder received placebo and 3 doses of methylphenidate (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/kg) twice daily for 2 weeks each under double-blind conditions. Treatment effects were assessed using direct observations of child behavior in classroom, lunchroom, and playground settings. Treatment with methylphenidate resulted in marked reductions of hyperactive, disruptive, and aggressive behavior, which was evident even for the 0.1 mg/kg dose. There were no "nonresponders." The only observed changes in tics were a small but statistically significant increase in the frequency of motor tics (classroom, 0.1 mg/kg dose) and a tendency for fewer vocal tics (lunchroom). However, these changes in motor tic frequency were not perceived by care providers as a worsening in the severity of the child's tic disorder. Most dose-response relationships were linear, but the mean (operationally defined) minimal effective dose (MED) was 0.3 mg/kg. In summary, the findings support the conclusions that (1) methylphenidate suppresses ADHD behaviors in the classroom and aggressive behavior in all settings and that (2) a low dose may have a weak exacerbation effect on the frequency of motor tics; but, in general, the majority of youngsters do not experience clinically significant tic worsening with a MED.

Aggression↗

PubMed1995

The Comprehensive Assessment List for Affective Disorders (COALA): a polydiagnostic, comprehensive, and serial semistructured interview system for affective and related disorders.

This supplement describes the development and structure of the Comprehensive Assessment List of Affective Disorders (COALA) system, which was recently developed for a collaborative follow-up study of a broad spectrum of affective disorders in Japan and which consists of a series of semistructured interviews for affective and related disorders. The COALA distinguishes itself from the extant semistructured interviews by being able to provide polydiagnostic, comprehensive and serial assessments. It is polydiagnostic because it derives diagnoses according to 29 historical and modern diagnostic systems through computer algorithms. It is comprehensive because it not only depicts the symptoms profile and rates their severity according to various endogenicity indices and severity rating scales but also measures, in the psychosocial domain, the life events and their characteristics. In addition, it has sections for past illnesses and family history. It is serial because the system includes follow-up semistructured interviews that can be administered monthly and that monitor changes in the psychopathological and psychosocial features. The theoretical underpinnings of the COALA system, especially its polydiagnostic approach to a broad spectrum of affective disorders and its treatment of psychosocial factors, are discussed in view of recent proposals for the future nosological research. The findings of the interrater reliability study (n = 107) are also presented, with satisfactory to excellent results for almost all of the psychopathological and psychosocial variables, all of the composite severity ratings and most of the polydiagnostic evaluations.

Female↗

PubMed1993

[Movement disorders in miscellaneous disorders--inherited metabolic diseases].

A variety of inheritable metabolic disorders produce movement disorders. A lists of conditions associated with tremor, athetosis, chorea, dystonia and myoclonus are presented as a guide for the differential diagnosis of such abnormal involuntary movements. The list includes aminoacidopathies, lipidoses, mucopolysaccharidoses, mucolipidoses, organic acidemias, mitochondrial cytopathies and disorders of carbohydrate, purine, and metal metabolism. Clinical, pathological and biochemical features of movement disorders of three typical examples, Wilson's disease, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and glutaric acidemia type 1, are described.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Comorbidity in panic disorders and alcoholism (II). Alcoholism in a sample of 148 patients with panic disorders].

Among 148 patients presenting Panic Disorder (DSM-III-R), 18.9% have an alcohol disorder, 8.8% present abuse and 10.1% dependence. Mean age of onset of alcoholism was much earlier than panic disorder. Patients with alcoholism: a) are males more frequently (0.001); b) present more alcoholism in first grade relatives (0.05); c) use more often other drugs like: tobacco (0.01), coffee (p < 0.01), cocaine (p < 0.01) and cannabis (p < 0.001), d) patients with alcoholism refer a greater severity of their panic attacks when drinking large amounts of alcohol (25%) than the group without these problems (2.5%) (x2:14.8) (p < 0.001) e) according to the GAS the overall level of performance is lower in alcoholics (p < 0.005); f) present more anxiety measured by the HARS (p < 0.01), and therefore have more comorbid anxiety disorders according to DSM-III-R (p < 0.01). The clinical significance of these findings is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Obsessive-compulsive disorder in girls with eating disorders].

30 girls aged 13-19 who met criteria DSM-IV for anorexia nervosa were investigated by using a semistructured diagnostic interview assessing general psychopathology as well as anorectic and bulimic behavior, The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. The Eating Disorder Inventory, The Anxiety Hamilton Scale, The Depression Hamilton Scale. The comparison group consisted of 30 healthy girls aged 13-19. 1/3 of the girls with anorexia nervosa met the DSM-IV criteria for OCD, 1/10 subjects had OCD and depressive disorder. The comorbidity of eating disorder and OCD or OCD and depressive disorder worsened the course of anorexia nervosa and prognosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

The ability of naive subjects to report symptoms of mild brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, and generalized anxiety disorder.

Diagnoses of major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and mild brain injury are based in substantial part on the self-reported symptoms of patients. This study found that 96.9% of untrained subjects were able to endorse symptoms on checklists to meet the DSM-III-R self-report criteria for major depression, 96.9% for generalized anxiety disorder, and 86% for PTSD. For the non-DSM-III-R diagnosis of mild brain injury, 63.3% of subjects were able to correctly identify 5 or more of 10 symptoms associated with this condition. Forensic examiners are advised to exercise special care in utilizing evaluation procedures that are of a leading nature, such as symptom checklists in which examinees may exhibit response biases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Are the eating disorders related to obsessive compulsive disorder?

The evidence supporting the idea that the eating disorders of anorexia and bulimia nervosa may be related to obsessive compulsive disorder is reviewed with respect to studies in phenomenology, comorbidity, neurotransmitters, central nervous system functional metabolism, and treatment and outcome. Although no definitive conclusion can be drawn, research generated from the idea has refined our thinking on the eating disorders.

Brain↗

PubMed2006

Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene variants and Alzheimer's disease, affective disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, and substance dependence.

Genetic variation at the locus encoding the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in some neuropsychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), affective disorders (AFDs), schizophrenia, and substance dependence. We therefore performed a mutation scan of the BDNF gene to identify novel gene variants and examined the association between BDNF variants and several neuropsychiatric phenotypes in European American (EA) subjects and controls. Using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC), we identified a novel variant (G-712A) in the putative promoter region. This variant and two previously reported BDNF SNPs (C270T and Val66Met) were genotyped in 295 patients with AD, 108 with AFDs, 96 with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 84 with schizophrenia, 327 with alcohol and/or drug dependence, and 250 normal control subjects. No association was found between these three BDNF gene variants and AD, AFDs, PTSD, or schizophrenia. However, there was a nominally higher frequency of the G-712A G-allele and the G/G genotype in subjects with substance dependence than in controls (Allele: chi(2) = 4.080, df = 1, P = 0.043; Genotype: chi(2) = 7.225, df = 2, P = 0.027). Although after correction for multiple testing, the findings are not considered significant (threshold P-value was set at 0.020 by the program SNPSpD), logistic regression analyses confirmed the modest association between SNP G-712A and substance dependence, when the sex and age of subjects were taken into consideration. The negative results for AFDs, PTSD, and schizophrenia could be due to the low statistical power. Further study with larger samples is warranted.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Variability and severity of depression and anxiety in post traumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder.

In order to better characterize the similarities in and differences between the nature of the affective disturbance associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), self-reported mood and anxiety ratings were examined in PTSD subjects, MDD subjects, and subjects without a psychiatric disorder while they were undergoing a chronobiologic study. Based on serial ratings on visual analogue scales over a 24 hr period, PTSD subjects showed comparable levels of depression as the MDD group, as measured by the mean and maximum levels of mood; however, they had greater mood variability, as measured by the range and coefficients of variation of the mood ratings. The MDD but not the PTSD group had significantly lower mood variability than the non-psychiatric group, as measured by the coefficients of variation. The PTSD group reported higher levels of anxiety than the non-psychiatric or MDD group but showed no differences in any measure of variability of anxiety. These findings suggest there are phenomenologic differences in the affective symptoms experienced by patients with PTSD and with MDD and that mood variability may distinguish between them.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

A family study of psychotic symptomatology in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, unipolar depression, and bipolar disorder.

An evaluation was made of schizophrenics (140), schizoaffectives (40), unipolar depressives (59), and bipolars (30), and their relatives who had a chart diagnosis of psychosis or depressive neurosis. The purpose was to determine whether the psychosis (delusions and hallucinations) was transmitted independently of the illness itself. If this were true, there would be an excess of pairs of probands and relatives both positive for psychosis and pairs of relatives and probands both negative for psychosis when compared to relatives and probands who were not concordant for the variable. This was found to be true in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and is probably the result of the simple transmission of an illness which includes the presence of psychotic symptoms in the definition. Thus, this would be a manifestation of the genetic propensity in schizophrenia. For the affective disorders there was no evidence that psychotic probands were more likely than the nonpsychotic to have psychotic relatives. So far the reason why some patients have psychosis and others not in the affective disorders remains unexplained.

Bipolar Disorder↗

PubMed1990

Fluvoxamine treatment of coincident autistic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case report.

This is a single-case report of fluvoxamine treatment of comorbid autistic disorder (AD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Psychological, neuroanatomical, and neurochemical parallels are drawn between AD and OCD. The implications of this case of coincident AD and OCD, as well as the response to fluvoxamine, are discussed with respect to nosology, pathophysiology, and treatment of these disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Comorbidity in ADHD-children: effects of coexisting conduct disorder or tic disorder on event-related brain potentials in an auditory selective-attention task.

In children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) some deficits in auditory information processing seem to exist. Further, comorbidity of ADHD with conduct disorder (CD) and tic disorder (Tic) is quite common but not yet fully understood. Thus, we investigated the effects of these two disturbances, when combined with ADHD, on electrophysiological correlates of auditory information processing. An auditory selective-attention task was used, and temporal as well as frontal lobe sensitive event-related electrical brain activity indicators like mismatch negativity (MMN) and negative difference wave (Nd), as well as P300 were registered in four groups of children (healthy controls, ADHD-only, and combined ADHD + CD as well as ADHD + Tic; total number 42). Performance measures showed that ADHD + CD had a higher impact on errors and reaction times than ADHD + Tic. The MMN effect indicated that all ADHD groups showed lower MMN amplitudes compared to normals, but only the group with ADHD + CD suffered from a significant deficiency in automatic auditory information processing. Nd and P300 amplitudes showed no significant group differences. It may be assumed that neurodynamic sufficiency in ADHD-only and ADHD + Tic children seems to be similarly impaired while there might be a greater deficit in ADHD + CD.

Attention↗