Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Chlamydia”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Evaluation of the coexistence of chlamydia trachomatis symptoms and antispermatozoonal antibodies in sperm of men treated for infertility].

INTRODUCTION: Marital infertility has become an increasing problem of contemporary medicine. It is acknowledged that the responsibility for this fact is placed in half with the male factor. To a great degree it is caused by existence of male genitals inflammatory processes. AIM: Evaluation of the influence of Chlamydia infection on the level of anti-spermatozoonal antibodies /p.p.p./ in sperm. MATERIAL: Research encompassed 187 men treated at the Regional Andrological Outpatient Clinic and the Clinic for Treating Marital Infertility of Dr. J. Biziel Regional Hospital in Bydgoszcz. RESULTS: Lowering of p.p.p. titre was observed in men treated for Chlamydia Trachomatis infection. Lowering of the p.p.p. level was greater after the first course of treatment. Whereas the subsequent ones were not so distinct. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of male genitals inflammatory processes influences the lowering of p.p.p. titre in men with decreased fertility. It was confirmed as a results of treating men with Chlamydia Trachomatis infection.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Mathematical epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis infections.

In this paper I discuss the specific problems that one faces when developing a model for a sexually-transmitted disease (STD) such as infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. I introduce some modelling approaches that take into account the heterogeneity within a population in sexual behaviour, the influence of partnership duration on the dynamics of a STD, and the impact of contact tracing on the effectiveness of STD prevention. Some results are shown that were obtained with a network simulation model specifically designed to describe the transmission dynamics of Chlamydia trachomatis. The model was used to investigate the effects of various screening strategies on the prevalence of asymptomatic Chlamydia infections in women.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed2002

Non-gonococcal urethritis due to Chlamydia trachomatis: the Ibadan experience.

Using a qualitative amplified enzyme-linked immunoassay, two hundred and eighty-nine male patients with symptoms and signs suggestive of urethritis were investigated for Chlamydia trachomatis as a cause of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU). Ninety-one (31.49%) of the 289 male patients investigated had gonococcal urethritis whilst 198 (68.51%) had NGU out of which 112 (56.60%) had chlamydial urethritis and 14 (7.1%) had Trichomonal urethritis. Two (6.7%) of the control subjects had C. trachomatis in their urethral swabs. The difference in the occurrence of C. trachomatis between the patients and the controls was highly statistically significant (P<0.001). The age range of peak incidence among the patients investigated was 20-29 years. Thirteen of the men treated for gonorrhoea still had watery urethral discharge and irritation and were diagnosed as having post-gonococcal urethritis (PGU), eleven (84.6%) of whom had C. trachomatis demonstrated in their urethral swabs. We were able to demonstrate a significant difference in clinical symptoms in men with gonorrhoea and NGU but only a slight difference between men with chlamydia-positive NGU and chlamydia-negative NGU.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Microbiological study of neonatal conjunctivitis with special reference to Chlamydia trachomatis.

PURPOSE: To study the microbial agents, chiefly Chlamydia trachomatis and other bacteria, in neonatal conjunctivitis. METHODS: Conjunctival specimens from 70 newborns with conjunctivitis were subjected to bacterial culture and sensitivity testing, monoclonal antibody based C. trachomatis antigen detection test and species-specific Chlamydia antibody detection in the sera of babies and their mothers, by micro-immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS: Bacteria were isolated from 35 (50%) babies; the majority (20, 57.14%) were Staphylococcus epidermidis. C. trachomatis antigen was detected in conjunctival smears of 17 (24%) babies, and 6 (35.29%) of them were positive for other bacteria. Six babies and their mothers tested positive for C. trachomatis Ig G antibodies. At follow-up after 14 weeks, 6 (35.29%) of the Chlamydia antigen-positive babies were found to have developed recurrent conjunctivitis. CONCLUSION: C. trachomatis is responsible for almost a quarter of all cases of neonatal conjunctivitis, with recurrences in 35% of cases. Bacteria could be isolated from 50% of the patients though the exact role of Staphylococcus epidermidis, isolated from 28.65% of the neonatal conjunctivitis cases, remains unclear.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2002

Seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in women with bad obstetric history and infertility.

50 sera each from women with infertility, bad obstetric history and healthy pregnant women were tested for the presence of antichlamydial IgG antibodies. Antichlamydial IgG antibodies were present in 68% of women with infertility, 50% of women with bad obstetric history and 10% in healthy pregnant women. As culture methods are cumbersome so diagnosis can be made by serological tests, which are sensitive, specific and non invasive. Chlamydia trachohmatis is one of the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease and most infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis being asymptomatic, result in a large reservoir of unrecognized, infected individuals capable of transmitting the infection to sexual partners. Chlamydia trachomatis if detected earlier and given proper treatment, can minimize the complications in these patients.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed2001

Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in small rural town family planning clinics in the central belt of Scotland.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of chlamydia infection in women under 25 attending community-based family planning/sexual health clinics in West Lothian. DESIGN: Two hundred and three women under 25 attending over a six month period were offered a urine test for chlamydia trachomatis. The tests were performed using the ligase chain reaction method. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of infection was 5%. The rate in women under 20 (100 women) was 10% and in the group aged between 20 and 25 (also 100 women) was 3%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of chlamydia infection in women under 20 years from West Lothian was high. There is no genito urinary medicine (GUM) service in West Lothian. Providing this service should help to improve awareness, detection and management of this common sexually transmitted disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Induction of oral tolerance as treatment or prevention of chronic diseases associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae infection--hypothesis.

BACKGROUND: Chlamydia pneumoniae infection is associated with chronic diseases such as asthma, reactive arthritis, and atherosclerosis. Several investigations and experimental results indicate an excessive immune response to heat shock protein (hsp) 60 as a possible common pathogenetic link between Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and the associated chronic diseases. CASE REPORT: A 46-year old woman with persistent C. pneumoniae infection and Reiter's syndrome had been treated for three years with antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs without success. However, she was repeatedly free of complaints for several months following two-week cycles taking oral dilutions of Chlamydia trachomatis daily. CONCLUSIONS: The placebo effect does not seem sufficient to explain the clinical benefits obtained repeatedly by drinking dilutions of C. trachomatis. Induction of oral tolerance (immune modulation) to hsp60 may have occurred, leading to the clinical benefits. The known risk factors for atherosclerosis do not account for all cases of atherosclerosis. If autoimmunity to hsp60 is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, so natural acquisition of oral tolerance to hsp60 may contribute to the geographical differences in atherosclerosis prevalence.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of switching to polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women.

BACKGROUND: We noted a marked increase in Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections in the Capital Health Region of NS coincident with substitution of a PCR for an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). We reviewed our experience to determine the cost of switching and the impact on the number of new infections diagnosed. METHODS: Information on the number of EIA and PCR tests performed on women was retrieved from an abstracted laboratory information database. We examined records of testing performed between April 1998 and December 2001. Prior to June 2001, all genital swabs were tested using the MicroTrak, II Chlamydia EIA and confirmed by direct fluorescence examination. After July 2001, genital swabs were tested using the COBAS AMPLICOR C. trachomatis test. RESULTS: During the study period, 62,288 EIA tests were performed on specimens submitted; 2,061 (3.33%) were positive. In the six months when testing was performed by the PCR method, 9,559 PCR tests were performed, 463 (4.84%) were positive; 46% increase. In the three years before PCR testing was implemented, an average of 1,626 specimens were submitted monthly. An average of 54 tests were positive (3.3%). The cost for each positive detected by PCR was 208 dollars Cdn and 226 dollars by EIA. CONCLUSIONS: The switch to PCR for the diagnosis of CT produced a marked increase in the number of chlamydia infections diagnosed. The recent increase in the number of reported CT cases in Canada may be due in large part to more sensitive tests. Surprisingly, the cost of each positive test by PCR was 18 dollars Cdn less than that of the EIA.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1992

[Seroepidemiologic study of sexually transmitted diseases caused by Chlamydia trachomatis in Casablanca (Morocco)].

Screening 579 sera specimens obtained in Casablanca (Morocco) we have performed a retrospective seroepidemiological survey with regard to the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis involved in genital tract infections. The surveyed populations are divided into 3 groups: 177 patients affected with sexually transmitted diseases (STD), 319 reference patients, 83 maghrebian patients affected with STD but living in France. The study was performed by the indirect microimmunofluorescence technique. The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis ranging from 50% in the moroccan reference groupe to about 70% among patients with STD both in Morocco and Bordeaux indicates that Chlamydia trachomatis takes a significant part in STD observed in moroccan populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in genital samples from Abidjan].

A study of direct genital swabs achieved in Abidjan, on 116 men and 131 women consulting for urogenital complaints, has revealed that the men show a prevalence of 28.4% Chlamydia trachomatis, and of 18.1% Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Concerning the women the prevalence of the same germs are 13.7% for Chlamydia trachomatis, and 4.6% for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. These results show the importance of Chlamydia trachomatis as a sexually transmitted disease in Abidjan (Côte-d'Ivoire). No differences were observed according to age in the two groups.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chlamydial rRNA in the joints of patients with Chlamydia-induced arthritis and undifferentiated arthritis.

Synovial fluid and synovial membrane specimens of 11 patients with Chlamydia-induced arthritis (CIA), 24 patients with undifferentiated arthritis (UndA), 4 patients with post-enteritic reactive arthritis, 3 patients with Lyme arthritis and 9 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were investigated for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis). A single stranded DNA-probe was used for nucleic acid hybridization with ribosomal RNA (rRNA) from C. trachomatis. In 4 patients (CIA = 1, UndA = 3) chlamydial rRNA was found in the synovial fluid. In one additional patient (CIA) the specimen of a synovial membrane biopsy was positive for chlamydial rRNA. The detection of intra-articular chlamydial rRNA is discussed as an indicator for the presence of viable Chlamydiae in inflamed joints.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1992

[Chlamydia trachomatis infection with symptoms and signs of the central nervous system damage--a case report].

A 32-year-old woman developed myalgia, fever, consciousness disturbance, mental disorder, pyramidal tract signs and meningeal irritation signs at about 2 months after a normal labor. Laboratory examination showed hypopituitarism (decreased ACTH, TSH), renal dysfunction and hypercalcemia. A variety of antibiotics, acyclovir and gamma-globulin failed to improve her symptoms. A diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection was considered from the elevated antibody titers. In this case, minocycline was very effective. Rarely Chlamydia trachomatis infection involved general organs, including the central nervous system. It was interesting that she had endocrine disorders. We must take a look for Chlamydia trachomatis infection because this infection infrequently involves general organs, including the central nervous system and minocycline is very effective for this infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Decisional analysis in the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis].

The aim of this work is the use of decisional analysis for the clinical diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis, to verify the utility of making a routine direct immunofluorescence test with a strategy of no routine direct immunofluorescence test with a strategy of no routine test in women during gynecologic escannations. Patients eligible for this analysis were sexually active woman, who are not pregnant, woman in reproductive age who do not have evidence of a clinical syndrome associated with or known to be caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Our results show that the decision as to the use of the test involves 0.87 utility, while the decision of no routine test involves a 0.80 utility. We can therefore deduce that the best strategy for a woman who subjects herself to routine gynecologic care is to use this test, because the Chlamydia trachomatis has been implicated as the etiologic agent of acute salpingitis, chronic and tubal infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The immunology of Chlamydia trachomatis.

Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is one of the most common sexually transmitted bacterial agents. What distinguishes it from other organisms is its intracellular reproductive cycle. Up to now, four antigens have been identified in the Chlamydia genus: genus-specific antigen as well as species-specific, type-specific and subspecies-specific. C. trachomatis is a powerful immunogen which stimulates the host's immunological processes. The intracellular parasitism of the bacteria is the basis for both symptomatic or asymptomatic infection as well as for chronic ones. The primary infection leads to a local inflammatory reaction due to penetration and reproduction of the bacteria in the epithelial cells and to IgA secretory antibody production. In most cases the host's reaction to the primary infection is transient and does not cause tissue damage. In the course of chronic infection or reinfection, the most important processes are those of delayed hypersensitivity, which lead to a fast and intense immunological reaction of specifically sensitized Th1 lymphocytes. This reaction leads to progressive damage of the epithelial cells and to cicatrization and fibrosis, which means irreversible complications. Interferon gamma is of special importance in the process of C. trachomatis infection. High concentrations of it inhibit the bacteria's reproductive cycle, while lower concentrations promote the development of atypical, non-contagious forms of Chlamydia of diminished metabolic activity and altered antigenicity. The chlamydial heat shock proteins are considered to be of great importance lately. Their molecular weights of 60 and 10 kDa are a powerful stimulant of immunological reactions and show significant homology (40-90%) to human and other bacterial heat shock proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Developing effective delivery systems for Chlamydia vaccines.

Members of the genus Chlamydia cause a plethora of ocular, genital and respiratory diseases, with severe complications, such as blinding trachoma, pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and tubal factor infertility, interstitial pneumonia, and chronic diseases that may include atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, adult-onset asthma and Alzheimer's disease. The current medical opinion is that an effective prophylactic vaccine would constitute the best approach to protect the human population from the most severe consequences of these infections. There are three essential and mutually inclusive areas of challenge confronting researchers developing Chlamydia vaccines. These are to define the elements of protective immunity and the basis of vaccine evaluation, the judicious selection of an immunogenic and safe antigen(s) to form the basis of a subunit vaccine, and to develop effective delivery systems that boost the immune response to achieve long-lasting protective immunity. The development of delivery vehicles and adjuvants to boost protective long-term immunity against chlamydiae currently poses the greatest challenge in vaccine research. However, enormous progress is being made in the construction of novel delivery systems, such as DNA and plasmid expression systems, viral vectors, and living and non-living bacterial delivery systems, and the use of chemical adjuvants. In addition, there is increasing effort being made in designing delivery strategies involving specific immunomodulatory procedures that modify the cytokine and chemokine environment, upregulate co-stimulatory molecules and target vaccines to specific mucosal sites. These efforts will likely culminate in an efficacious chlamydial vaccine in the near future.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[HPV, Chlamydia trachomatis and genital mycoplasmas infections in women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL)].

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to determine the correlation between Chlamydia trachomatis, urogenital mycoplasmas and Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (LSIL) in women with and without Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The specimens were tested for: carcinogenic HPV by the Hybrid Capture I Assay, Chlamydia trachomatis antigen by direct immunofluorescence, urogenital mycoplasmas by Mycoplasma IS test. Cytological smears were classified according to the Bethesda system. RESULTS: High-oncogenic HPV types, Chlamydia trachomatis and mixed infections with Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in patients with LSIL occur significantly more frequently comparing to women without dysplasia. Statistically significant correlation between C. trachomatis and presence of HPV was determined. In HPV negative women there was no correlation between C. trachomatis and LSIL. CONCLUSION: In women infected with HPV, especially high-oncogenic types, C. trachomatis test should be included in diagnostic-therapeutic routine scheme.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Validation of the Roche COBAS Amplicor system for Chlamydia trachomatis.

OBJECTIVE: Validation of the Roche Amplicor polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the Comprehensive Bio-Analytical System (COBAS) automated PCR analyzer in our laboratory. DESIGN: Endocervical swab specimens for both EIA and PCR were collected from a total of 193 women. EIA for chlamydia was performed using the MicroTrak Chlamydia Kit (Wampole Labs, Cranbury, NJ). PCR was performed using Roche Amplicor reagents on the COBAS instrument. SETTING: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport LA. PATIENTS: All cervical swab specimens, (n = 193), collected from patients presenting either to the Women's Health or Primary Care Clinic (Obstetrics and Gynecology and Family Practice) were included in this study. RESULTS: Most of the specimens, 138/193 or 71.5%, tested negative by both techniques. Three of the 193 specimens, 1.5%, were inhibitory for PCR since the internal control was negative. Fifty-one specimens, 26.4%, tested positive by both techniques or by PCR alone. No specimens were positive by EIA only. Twenty-eight of the 51 were positive by both methods, (14.5% of the total tested; 54.9% agreement among the specimens testing positive). An additional 23 were positive by PCR alone, i.e., 11.9% total discrepant positive specimens; 45% discordant results among the specimens testing positive). Seventeen PCR-positive specimens divided among four separate runs were retested by PCR. Of these, 15 were repeat positive, giving the test a reproducibility of 88.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Our results concur with previously published comparison data for EIA and PCR testing. We conclude that the PCR should detect a significantly increased number of chlamydia infections among our LSUHSC-S population, but there are drawbacks to using this technique. Specimen preparation time for PCR is almost twice as long as EIA, and the Roche PCR assay is not licensed for ocular specimens as is our EIA procedure. In addition, since neither technique is accepted for testing for medicolegal purposes, we must continue the use of culture for cases of suspected sexual abuse.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed2005

[The Dutch Health Council report on screening for Chlamydia: too reserved].

The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) increased in the Netherlands in the years 2000-2003. A recent population-based study showed that Chlamydia infections were a problem in urbanised areas; prevalence in rural areas was low. In 2004, the Dutch Health Council advised against a national screening programme for Chlamydia. However, the newest figures on the distribution of Chlamydia infections suggest that screening in large cities might be cost-effective. Much can be learned from the screening programme in the United Kingdom.

Adult↗