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At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Variation in anthropometric characters and their relationship with climatic factors: a study on the peoples of Arunachal Pradesh, India.

In the present study an attempt has been made to examine the anthropometric variation and the relationship of anthropometric variables with climatic factors among the peoples of Arunachal Pradesh, India. The distance analysis does not seem to provide any interesting corroboration between anthropometric data and the intra- and intergroup relationship. A similar trend has also been noticed while analysing the correlation coefficient between two indices (i.e. the cephalic and total facial index). The present study suggests that the climatic factors are playing an important role in regulating the variation of anthropometric characters among the different population groups of Arunachal Pradesh.

Acclimatization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Protein and lipid metabolic characteristics of persons in a hot climate].

A comparative investigation of the total protein, its fractions, total lipids, cholesterol, carotinoids, retinol, tocopherol in the blood serum of practically healthy persons (donors) was effected in different periods of the year. The proteinic and lipids metabolism rates in persons residing in conditions of a hot climate were found to change substantially, depending upon the season of the years. It is possible that, to a certain degree, this is due to a change in the nature of the nutritional pattern of these people under the effect of climate factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Relationships between biochemical qualities of paddy rice and climate conditions in the Anning River Valley].

Based on the experimental data of paddy rice planted geographically periodically without control in the Anning River Valley of Sichuan Province, this paper quantitatively analyzed the effects of meteorological conditions from 40 days before heading to ripeness on the biochemical qualities of paddy rice, and developed a model about the integrated relationships between biochemical qualities of paddy rice and mean temperature, daily range of temperature and daylight hours, which would be of significance both for the instruction of paddy distribution in the Anning River Valley and for improving rice qualities via adjusting planting time. The results showed that climate conditions had a great effect on the biochemical qualities of paddy rice, which was different in ways and in critical periods. The period when the correlation between some ingredients of rice and climate conditions was most significant was before or after, or from before to after full heading, which widened the existing knowledge about the period which was important for paddy rice qualities forming. Applying this finding in the Anning River Valley during 2002-2003, the accumulated high-grade paddy farming area stood at 73,000 hm2, 30,000 hm2 more than that in 2001, and brought 0.2 billion yuan increment to the peasants, promoting the development of high-grade paddy greatly.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Climate change and Kyoto Protocol. Science and strategies. Obligations for Spain].

This article presents climate change as the major environmental problem of our time. A result of the so-called "greenhouse effect", climate change is caused by certain gases, the concentrations in the atmosphere of which are growing exponentially. The consequences of these gases are going to be felt throughout the entire biosphere, from weather phenomenon to humans, creating a uncertain panorama which is going to be requiring some fast-paced adaptation on the part of all species. This is not, however, an irreversible process, taking action thus being possible and necessary, by combining education and lawmaking measures brought into being within the timeframes and to the extents set forth under the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. Spain will be one of the most highly-affected countries, and its strategy may therefore mean a highly-valuable tool for correcting the deviations caused and contributing to the urgent control of global emissions.

Climate↗
PubMed2005

Flood management under climatic variability and its future perspective in Japan.

Devastating magnitudes of flood disasters have been occurring in various areas of Japan, and their impact has been increasing in recent years. Looking ahead, it is foreseen that rainfall and its patterns will be altered due to the climate change accompanied by global warming, and there is concern that the intensity and frequency of flood disasters might be exacerbated. This paper aims to introduce flood characteristics and management policies in Japan that have been undertaken for a long time in order to mitigate these recurrent flood disasters. It also highlights extremely devastating floods in some areas that occurred under recent climate variability, and to address the progress in the assessment of hydro-meteorological tendencies and in the promotion of dialogue among climatologists and hydrologists. Lastly, a new initiative to establish an intemational centre on water-related hazards and its risk management is presented.

Climate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of antarctica in formation of the cenozoic climate and contemporary open sea abyssal fauna].

The key role of the Antarctic continent in the formation of the contemporary (Cenozoic) zonal-contrast climate and related geologically "young" (Postmesozoic) contemporary abyssal fauna of the World Ocean is discussed on the basis of the current concepts of pleitectonics, history of planetary climates, paleobiooceanology, and bioevolution. It has been shown that the flows of cold aerated near-Antarctic waters that started to descend in the open sea abyssal in the middle of Cenozoic were capable of substituting for previously (in Mesozoic) heated (up to 15-20 degrees C) abyssal waters within only 1500-2000 years. Following the descending near-Antarctic waters, the shallow and cold water oxyphilic fauna assimilated the abyssal zone that had been warm water and weakly populated.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Advances in satellite remote sensing of pheno-climatic features for epidemiological applications.

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) technologies are being used increasingly to study the spatial and temporal patterns of diseases. They can be used to complement conventional ecological monitoring and modelling techniques, and provide a means to portray complex relationships in the ecology of diseases with strong environmental determinants. In particular, satellite technology has been extraordinarily improved during recent years, providing new parameters useful to understand the epidemiology of parasites, such as vegetation indices, land surface temperatures, soil moisture and rainfall indices. In the present review, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is primarily considered, since it is the index characterizing vegetation that is most used in epidemiological studies. Multi-temporal study of RS data allows collection of bio-climatic information about risk area distribution, along with predictive studies and anticipatory models of diseases, at different geographic scales ranging from global to local. The main physical and technological basis of a mathematical model, effective at different scales, for identification of landscape pheno-climatic features is described in the current paper.

Biomass↗
PubMed2005

The effect of water hyacinths for wastewater treatment under Cuban climatic conditions.

The purification capacity of systems using floating aquatic plants depend on the climatic conditions under which they are used. This study from Cuban conditions evaluate the effects of the organic loading rate, hydraulic loading rate and water depth on the purification capacity of water hyacinths, as well as the effect of some climatic variables on the kinetics of the treatment processes. The experimental system consisted of two consecutive tanks simulating a system of ponds in series. The water depths used were 0.5 m and 1.12 m. In the shallower system with shorter retention times and greater superficial organic loading higher removal efficiencies are obtained. With the data obtained, empirical relations were sought. From these correlations it is possible to determine the values for some parameters used in the design of aquatic treatment systems with water hyacinths. The results revealed a relationship between the purification capacity of the water hyacinth and its velocity of growth. The specific velocity of growth varied with the months of the year and was associated with the temperature and the solar radiation. A multiple correlation equation describing these relations was obtained.

Bioreactors↗
PubMed2005

Flooding in the future--predicting climate change, risks and responses in urban areas.

Engineering infrastructure is provided at high cost and is expected to have a useful operational life of decades. However, it is clear that the future is uncertain. Traditional approaches to designing and operating urban storm drainage assets have relied on past performance of natural systems and the ability to extrapolate this performance, together with that of the assets across the usable lifetime. Whether or not climate change is going to significantly alter future weather patterns in Europe, it is clear that it is now incumbent on designers and operators of storm drainage systems to prepare for greater uncertainty in the effectiveness of storm drainage systems. A recent U.K. Government study considered the potential effects of climate and socio-economic change in the U.K. in terms of four future scenarios and what the implications are for the performance of existing storm drainage facilities. In this paper the modelling that was undertaken to try to quantify the changes in risk, together with the effectiveness of responses in managing that risk, are described. It shows that flood risks may increase by a factor of almost 30 times and that traditional engineering measures alone are unlikely to be able to provide protection.

Cities↗
PubMed2006

Modeling the impact of variable climatic factors on the crossover of Culex restauns and Culex pipiens (Diptera: culicidae), vectors of West Nile virus in Illinois.

The aim of this study was to model the impact of temperature on the timing of the seasonal shift in relative proportion of Culex restuans Theobald and Culex pipiens L. in Illinois. The temporal pattern of West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus transmission in the midwest exhibits a late summer to early fall peak in activity, which parallels the temporal increase in the abundance of Cx. pipiens. The daily number of egg rafts oviposited by each species has been monitored at multiple surveillance sites in Urbana-Champaign in central Illinois for more than 13 years. The time when the two Culex species are in equal abundance (crossover) varies considerably from year to year. Our investigation of several thermal measures indicated that this variation was related in large part to climatic conditions with warmer (cooler) temperatures correlated to earlier (later) crossover dates. Models based on degree days and the number of days in which the daily maximum temperature exceeded an upper temperature threshold explained more than 60% of the variance in crossover dates. In contrast, models based on the number of days in which the daily minimum temperature exceeded a lower temperature threshold explained no more than 52% of the variance. An evaluation of these models demonstrated that they provide relatively simple and accurate estimates of crossover date from daily temperature data, a necessary component for developing an overall climatic index for the risk of WNV transmission in Illinois.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Climate change impact on water quality: model results from southern Sweden.

Starting from six regional climate change scenarios, nitrogen leaching from arable-soil, water discharge, and nitrogen retention was modeled in the Rönneå catchment. Additionally, biological response was modeled in the eutrophic Lake Ringsjön. The results are compared with similar studies on other catchments. All scenarios gave similar impact on water quality but varied in quantities. However, one scenario resulted in a different transport pattern due to less-pronounced seasonal variations in the hydrology. On average, the study shows that, in a future climate, we might expect: i) increased concentrations of nitrogen in the arable root zone (+50%) and in the river (+13%); ii) increased annual load of nitrogen from land to sea (+22%) due to more pronounced winter high flow; moreover, remote areas in the catchment may start to contribute to the outlet load; iii) radical changes in lake biochemistry with increased concentrations of total phosphorus (+50%), total nitrogen (+20%), and planktonic algae such as cyanobacteria (+80%).

Climate↗
PubMed2006

The effect of seasonal changes on blood pressure and urine specific gravity in children living in Mediterranean climate.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the effects of seasonal changes on urinary specific gravity, blood pressure and urinary erythrocyte number in children living in Mediterranean climate. MATERIAL/METHODS: The study was conducted on 547 children who presented for routine follow up to healthy-child care department between January 1997 and December 2002. Age, sex, weight, height, blood pressure, urinary specific gravity and urinary erythrocyte number were recorded by retrospective evaluation of files. Then, the parameters during summer were compared with those during winter. Additionally, correlation between the blood pressure, urinary specific gravity and urinary erythrocyte number was assessed separately during summer and winter. RESULTS: Anthropometrical measurements and mean age of the patients in summer and winter groups were similar. There was no significant change in urinary specific gravity (p > 0,05), while systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in winter (p = 0.031 and p = 0.028 respectively). Temperature and humidity levels did not change significantly among different years but mean air temperatures during summer positively correlated with time from 1997 till 2002 (r = 0.965, p = 0.002). Blood pressure and urinary specific gravity were not correlated to each other at any time. Contrarily, there was a positive correlation between urinary specific gravity and erythrocyte number in summer (p = 0.01). The number of children with hematuria and degree of hematuria did not differ significantly between summer and winter. CONCLUSIONS: Seasonal changes in Mediterranean climate do not lead to changes in hydration status or in urinary erythrocyte number in children. Therefore, the decrease in blood pressure during summer can not be attributed to the hydration status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Using coalescent simulations to test the impact of quaternary climate cycles on divergence in an alpine plant-insect association.

The Quaternary climate cycles forced species to repeatedly migrate across a continually changing landscape. How these shifts in distribution impacted the evolution of unrelated but ecologically associated taxa has remained elusive due to the stochastic nature of the evolutionary process and variation in species-specific biological characteristics and environmental constraints. To account for the uncertainty in genealogical estimates, we adopted a coalescent approach for testing hypotheses of population divergence in coevolving taxa. We compared genealogies of a specialized herbivorous insect, Parnassius smintheus (Papilionidae), and its host plant, Sedum lanceolatum (Crassulaceae), from the alpine tundra of the Rocky Mountains to null distributions from coalescent simulations to test whether tightly associated taxa shared a common response to the paleoclimatic cycles. Explicit phylogeographic models were generated from geologic and biogeographic data and evaluated over a wide range of divergence times given calibrated mutation rates for both species. Our analyses suggest that the insect and its host plant responded similarly but independently to the climate cycles. By promoting habitat expansion and mixing among alpine populations, glacial periods repeatedly reset the distributions of genetic variation in each species and inhibited continual codivergence among pairs of interacting species.

Altitude↗
PubMed2006

[Effects of climate change on winter wheat growth and yield in North China].

With the combination of crop model and climate mode, this paper simulated and predicted the effects of climate change on the winter wheat production of North China in future 100 years. The results showed that from 2000 to 2004, the variation trend of simulated winter wheat production in North China was accordant with the measured one, and the difference of winter wheat's lifecycle and yield was not obvious. In the future 100 years, the lifecycle of winter wheat would be shortened by 8.4 days, and its yield would be decreased to different extent, with 10.1% as the average. If proper measures such as adjusting crop parameters and management measures were adopted, the decline of winter wheat yield could be mitigated effectively.

Biomass↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Water balance and adaptation strategy to extreme climatic conditions in insects of Central Yakutiia].

Original experimental data describing the strategy for cold adaptation of the winter form of black-veined white Aporia crataegi L. living in Central Yakutia, a region with a harsh continental climate and long and very cold winters, are presented in comparison with other insects of Yakutia. Open wintering insects were shown to develop an efficient water-conservation mechanism in a frozen state. This can be significant for their survival in post-diapause. Certain relationships between water balance, wintering mode, and strategy for cold adaptation have been revealed by the example of several insect species of this region in comparison with insects living in less severe climatic conditions.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2006

Climate change and human health--What can GPs do?

In recent months articles in the most respected peer reviewed medical journals in Australia, the USA and Britain have called for urgent action to reduce climate change. The chief scientist of the United Kingdom has described climate change as 'the most severe problem that we are facing today--more serious even than the threat of terrorism'. Yet, many of you will wonder if this is really such an urgent issue, and--even if it is--what on earth has it got to do with general practice?

Australia↗
PubMed2006

[Changes in range of mosquito-borne diseases affected by global climatic fluctuations].

Climate models suggest the strong possibility of range increase of the diseases transmitted by parasitic arthropods, mostly mosquitoes. In predicting processes of malaria and Dengue diseases dispersion the estimation of risk is based mostly on reproduction rate of vector species. These models allow to calculate the critical threshold of host density which is necessary to maintain parasites and pathogens transmission. Such studies based on integrated mathematical modelling indicate widespread increase of risk due to expansion of the areas suitable for mosquito-borne diseases transmission. This predicted increase is the most pronounced at the borders of the endemic areas and at higher altitudes within malaria and Dengue areas. The simulated change in mosquito-borne diseases risk must be interpreted on the basis of local environmental conditions as well as the effects of socio-economic developments and control disease programs. Apart from mathematical models the sequencing of proteins and DNA of vectors and their pathogens as well as satellite technology (GIS) are taken into consideration. It is supposed that potential impact of global climate change on malaria and Dengue risk can be reduced by constant warning system based on biological monitoring of mosquito vector species and their pathogens. Efficient care system connected with full diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of transmission diseases are also required.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Quercus pollen season dynamics in the Iberian peninsula: response to meteorological parameters and possible consequences of climate change.

The main characteristics of the Quercus pollination season were studied in 14 different localities of the Iberian Peninsula from 1992-2004. Results show that Quercus flowering season has tended to start earlier in recent years, probably due to the increased temperatures in the pre-flowering period, detected at study sites over the second half of the 20th century. A Growing Degree Days forecasting model was used, together with future meteorological data forecast using the Regional Climate Model developed by the Hadley Meteorological Centre, in order to determine the expected advance in the start of Quercus pollination in future years. At each study site, airborne pollen curves presented a similar pattern in all study years, with different peaks over the season attributable in many cases to the presence of several species. High pollen concentrations were recorded, particularly at Mediterranean sites. This study also proposes forecasting models to predict both daily pollen values and annual pollen emission. All models were externally validated using data for 2001 and 2004, with acceptable results. Finally, the impact of the highly-likely climate change on Iberian Quercus pollen concentration values was studied by applying RCM meteorological data for different future years, 2025, 2050, 2075 and 2099. Results indicate that under a doubled CO(2) scenario at the end of the 21st century Quercus pollination season could start on average one month earlier and airborne pollen concentrations will increase by 50 % with respect to current levels, with higher values in Mediterranean inland areas.

Air Pollutants↗