Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CASTRATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Dynamics of changes in thyroxine levels in castrated newborn calves].

Changes in thyroxin levels were studied in calves castrated just after birth. The changes in thyroxin concentration in the blood serum were studied until the eighth day of life of the calves and the weight gains were monitored until weaning at an age of 90 days. In the experimental group, lower thyroxin levels were first recorded in the third hour post natum and were observed to persist until the eighth day; except for three hours the decrease was not statistically significant. Neither were any significant differences observed in the average daily gains in both groups of calves. Treatments like non-surgical castration in newborn calves do not elicit extreme stress reactions that would be conducive to disorders of health and vitality.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The effect of various testosterone concentrations released from ceramic delivery systems on the circulating hormone levels of adult castrated rams.

Ceramic delivery systems (CDS) have been found to be useful carriers for chemical and biological materials allowing a constant release of these materials over prolonged periods of time. We reasoned that testosterone (TE) filled CDS could be utilized in the long-term treatment of androgen deficient patients. The specific objective of this study was to investigate the ability of CDS to deliver TE at a sustained level for 90 days using castrated adult rams as a model. Ceramic capsules were fabricated to a final density of 1.72 +/- 0.02 gm/cm3. The sintered capsules were loaded with either 440 mg or 700 mg TE and then sealed at both ends and subsequently sterilized by exposure to ethylene oxide for 24 hours. The TE-filled CDS were then implanted subcutaneously, under the forelimb of yearling rams (body weight; 30-42 Kg). Radiographs of implanted ceramics one week after implantation indicated that the capsules were intact and unaltered. The passage of TE through CDS capsules started within 4 days after implantation. An initial high release of the steroid was noted in all experimental animals which was maintained for up to 12 days post-implantation. After the initial high rate of release the serum concentration of TE remained constant at about 0.35 nM/ml in rams implanted with CDS containing a high TE dose and serum concentrations of approximately 0.21 nM/ml were observed in rams treated with the low dose capsules. There was no significant change in body weight gain between the experimental and castrated control rams.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Castration anxiety and pregenital development: a hypothesis on the protophallus.

This paper discusses some aspects of the mental position of the penis and their relevance to castration anxiety. We know that the genital occupies an uncertain position in the representation of the body, due to the fact that the penis escapes the synthetic functions of the ego. Since we assume that this is caused partly by the processes occurring when a child learns to stand and walk, it is possible to establish a link between the phallus of the phallic phase and the imaginary phallus of the pregenital period at the time when an upright body posture is adopted. I postulate that, at the time when a child learns to stand and walk, a protophallus is created in the form of an auxiliary leg, which performs a complex function and, as a mental fetish, forms the basis of the imaginary phallus. A bodily precursor of castration anxiety can be seen in the process described. This protophallus, the imaginary phallus and the phallus of the phallic phase are later all absorbed into the psychical representation of the penis and determine the mental image in the long term. In a discussion of the foundation of this proposition in psychoanalytic theory, I point to the heuristic value of this concept for a number of fields of knowledge and fields of application.

Anxiety, Castration↗
PubMed1978

[Histotopography of glycosidases in the accessory glands of the boar before and after castration].

The histochemical distribution of six glycosidases (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase and alpha-fucosidase) was investigated in the prostate, glandula vesicularis and glandula bulbourethralis of castrated and non-castrated adult boars. The functions of the glycosidases in the male accessory sex glands of the boar and their androgen dependence are discussed briefly.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Castration blocks chronic sulpiride-induced desensitization of striatal D1 receptor-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in male rats.

Gonadal hormones have been shown to modulate adaptive responses of the mesostriatal dopaminergic system to antipsychotic challenge. We examined the role of endogenous gonadal steroids in the regulation of D1 receptor function after chronic treatment with sulpiride, a D2 specific antagonist. Chronic sulpiride treatment induced a desensitization of striatal D1 receptor-simulated adenylate cyclase activity in intact male rats with no change in the number of D1 or D2 receptors. This desensitization of D1-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was expressed as a decrease in Vmax with no change in the activation constant. Castration of male rats blocked the chronic sulpiride-induced desensitization of D1 receptor function. Castration of male rats also resulted in a decrease in the number of D1 receptors as measured by [3H]SCH23390 binding. Ovariectomy of female rats had no effect on striatal D1 receptor-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. Preliminary studies showed no effect of chronic sulpiride treatment on D1 receptor function in intact or ovariectomized female rats. We conclude that testicular hormones have a permissive effect on the expression of the chronic sulpiride-induced desensitization of D1 receptor function.

2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-ben↗
PubMed1989

[The influence of castration on the induction of gastric adenocarcinoma by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in Wistar rats].

Six-week old non-castrated and castrated Wistar rats of both sexes, 20 in each group, received a continuous dose of 83 micrograms/ml MNNG in drinking water for 32 weeks. All animals were autopsied at the 52nd week for pathological examination. The incidence of the gastric adenocarcinoma was 31.6-50.0%, and no significant differences were obtained statistically between different MNNG-treated groups. No tumor was found in the control group. Quantitative and qualitative studies of the intramucosal cyst (IC) showed that the ICs might be classified into simple and dysplastic. The former was subdivided into 5 groups and the commonest type was fundic cyst (81%). In MNNG-treated groups, the number of fundic cysts was decreased; nevertheless, the neck cell cysts were increased in number markedly. The number of dysplastic cysts in the MNNG-treated groups was significantly increased and this important precancerous lesion was closely related with the genesis of gastric adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of somatostatin and testosterone on the hepatic monooxygenase system in castrated male rats.

In male rats exogenous growth hormone (GH) (5 mg . kg-1, twice a day for 7 days) reduced (p less than 0.05) the in vitro hepatic microsomal metabolism of ethylmorphine (EM) and hexobarbital (HB) by 59 and 33%; aniline (AN) metabolism and microsomal P-450 levels were unaltered but GH reduced (p less than 0.001) NADPH-cytochrome c reductase by 17%. GH had no effects in females. Castrated males receiving subreplacement doses of testosterone propionate (2 mg, three times weekly) were injected (280 micrograms . kg-1, three times a day for 4 days) with somatostatin (SS), an inhibitor of GH release: EM and HB metabolism was increased (p less than 0.01) 8 and 18%; AN hydroxylation and P-450 levels were unchanged; the reductase was elevated (p less than 0.01) 9%. In nonandrogenized castrates, SS effected greater changes: EM and HB metabolism was increased (p less than 0.01) 47 and 21%; AN metabolism and P-450 levels were unchanged; the reductase was increased (p less than 0.01) 27%. Conversely, SS had no effects in intact males at doses up to 1120 micrograms . kg-1, three times a day for 4 days. These data support the view that endogenous GH is a modulator of "feminized" drug metabolism in the adult male and that it is antagonized by testosterone. Attempts to inhibit drug metabolism with SS in the female were unsuccessful and may reflect the ineffectiveness of the preparations as they failed to inhibit growth in young rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Nuclear RNA content and synthesis in anterior pituitary in intact, castrated and androgen sterilized rats.

The content and uridine incorporation into nuclear RNA of anterior pituitary gland was studied in vitro in intact, castrated and neonatally testosterone treated rats of both sexes. In female rats a higher RNA content and a lower uridine incorporation rate could be observed than in males. The castration resulted in a marked increase of RNA content and uridine incorporation in male rats. Ovariectomy was followed by a decrease of RNA content which was accompanied by an increase of incorporation rate. Estradiol administration produced a biphasic change of RNA content and uridine incorporation in ovariectomized rats. From these findings a repressive action of estrogens on the nuclear RNA synthesis may be suggested. Neonatal testosterone treatment resulted in alterations of RNA synthesis which could be observed in both sexes.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Increased sensitivity of bone to parathyroid hormone in castrated mice.

The inhibitory effect of endogenous testosterone on parathormone induced bone changes in mice was studied with the aid of the analysis of calcium and protein content in femur and of plasma calcium and alkaline phosphatase. It was found that the absence of endogenous testosterone for seven days after castration resulted in a decrease in the bone protein and calcium content and in plasma alkaline phosphatase as compared to controls. In parathormone treated castrated mice the protein content of the femur and plasma alkaline phosphatase were raised to control values, but the decrease in the calcium content of the femur was further potentiated. Finally, the administration of parathormone to intact male mice caused only a depletion in calcium content of the femur. It may be concluded that the response of bone to parathormone is enhanced in the absence of endogenous testosterone. In view of this finding one of the possible explanations may be that endogenous testosterone protects the bone by the inhibition of its sensitivity to parathormone.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of luliberin on the secretion of luteinizing hormone as a function of the phase of menstrual cycle in intact and castrated female Papio hamadryas].

A comparative study of the LH time course in response to the administration of a standard dose of LH/RF was conducted in intact and castrated female papio hamadryas to find out the relationship between hypophyseal sensitivity to LH/RF action and the level of sex steroid hormones in the peripheral blood. A bioradioimmunoassay adapted for the monkey plasma was employed to measure the level of biologically active LH in the peripheral blood plasma. A stimulating effect of LH/RF on the hypophyseal LH secretion both in intact animals in different phases of the menstrual cycle and in gonadectomized females was established. The relationship between the nature of the LH time course and the level of sex steroid hormones in the peripheral blood plasma was shown; a prolonged high level of LH reciprocal secretion into the follicular phase occurred against a background of a high and constant estradiol/progesterone ratio, and LH one-type impulse release into the luteal phase and in castrated females occurred against a background of a low value of the ratio of these hormones.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

In vitro effect of LH-RH on RNA content and synthesis in isolated anterior pituitary cells from intact and castrated female rats.

The in vitro effect of LH-RH on isolated anterior pituitary cells from intact and castrated female rats has been examined. The cells isolated by trypsin maintained their viability and the ability to response to LH-RH by the release of LH. During the incubation period LH-RH significantly reduced the uridine incorporation into RNA in anterior pituitary cells from both intact and castrated females. There was a time- and dose-dependent response correlation. The RNA content was not affected by LH-RH after 2 h incubation. The administration of the LH-RH with estradiol showed a similar effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Prostatic adenocarcinoma in a castrated dog.

Atypical prostatic adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in a castrated dog. The gland was of normal size, contrary to what has been reported in most other cases in dogs. Metastases were not seen, even though radiography suggested metastasis to the external iliac lymph nodes and histologic examination revealed the neoplasm to have a moderately malignant character. Even though hormones have been implicated as a cause of prostatic adenocarcinoma in man, the development of such a neoplasm in dogs castrated at an early age, as exemplified by this case, may cast doubt on that hypothesis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

'Everybody must be just like me': observations on female castration anxiety.

The concept of primary femininity entails an assumption that the girl develops some mental representation of genital femaleness at an early age. I have suggested one form that such a mental representation may take and a particular expression of female castration anxiety that may develop in consequence. I have suggested that the young girl begins by assuming that everyone has a vulva like hers, with the possibility of an opening and the possibility of an inside space. Among the consequences of such an assumption may, in certain girls, be the development of a castration fantasy in which males represent the frightening possibility that such an opening in a female could be endangered, lost, or closed up as that opening is imagined to be in males. I have suggested that certain sterotypic features of the ways in which some women characterize men (i.e. men are emotionally closed, unable to be receptive, without access to inner feelings or sensitivities, etc.) may be understood at least in part as derivatives of this fantasy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A complication of cryptorchid castration in three horses.

During an 8-month period, 3 horses were examined because of incomplete cryptorchid castration. Each horse had had surgery to remove 1 retained testis. In each case, the attending veterinarian believed castration had been adequately completed. History, rectal examination findings, and in 2 cases, high serum testosterone concentration were factors that led to the decision to do exploratory surgery on each horse. In each case, initial surgery had resulted in surgical removal of the tail of the epididymis, which was mistaken for testicular tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Ultrastructural and biochemical expressions of divergent differentiation in prostates of castrated dogs treated with estrogen and androgen.

To investigate the role of estrogen and androgen in prostatic differentiation and induction of epithelial hyperplasia, we studied ultrastructural and biochemical responses to estradiol-17 beta 17-cyclopentylpropionate (ECP) and 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol dipropionate (3 alpha-diol DP) in glands of castrated dogs. The hormones were injected individually or in combination. Organ cultures, incubated with 1.7 microM radioisotope-labeled testosterone in serum-free Trowell T8 medium, were used to compare capacities of key transforming enzymes in hormone-modified glands. High-affinity binding of labeled 8.5 nM estradiol-17 beta and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT) to 0.4 M KCl-extractable explant protein was also determined. Treatment with 1 mg. of ECP per week for 2 weeks produced basal cell mitosis and early squamous metaplasia. The glandular epithelium hypertrophied but was not repopulated. When compared with radiotestosterone disposition by explanted prostate from untreated castrates, increased formation and egress of 17-oxo C19O2 steroids, predominantly 4-androstene-3,17-dione, occurred at the expense of 5 alpha-reduced 17 beta-hydroxy C19O2-steroids and hydroxylated metabolites. Administration of 2 x 50 mg. of 3 alpha-diol DP per week for 2 weeks also induced basal cell proliferation. The glandular epithelium was repopulated, and atrophic glandular cells were partially restored. This treatment increased accumulation of radiotestosterone-derived 5 alpha-reduced C19O2-metabolites and C19O3-steroids in the explants. Joint administration of ECP and 3 alpha-diol DP yielded proliferating squamous and glandular cells within the same acinus. Each type of proliferating cell was identified by specific cytologic markers. Chromosomes were observed with tonofilament bundles in squamous cells and with secretory granules in glandular cells. However, most glandular cells were not dividing. They were characterized by co-existing tonofilament bundles and secretory granules. The dual hormone administration increased radiotestosterone metabolism. The separate effect of each hormone was notable since estrogen increased the ratio of 17-oxo C19O2 to 5 alpha-reduced 17 beta-hydroxy C19O2-metabolites, whereas androgen restored both terminal hydroxylations and high-affinity binding of 5 alpha-DHT. The levels of saturable binding of estradiol-17 beta were high but variable in explants of each treatment group. We conclude that estrogen and androgen act cooperatively and synergistically on basal cells of regressed canine prostate to induce divergently differentiated epithelial cells. Together with stromal components, these glandular and squamous cells express distinctive pathways of androgen disposition.

Androgens↗
PubMed1983

[Progesterone-induced changes in the endometrium. Ultrastructural studies of castrated, adrenalectomized and hypophysectomized impuberal rats].

Research has been made on the progesterone-induced effects upon endometrium on impuberal rats (either intact, or castrated, or castrated and adrenalectomized, or hypophysectomized) after an acute or a protracted treatment, which were made every third hour all through the day. It resulted that the hormone basically shows two distinct activities. The first one causes a modest awakening of the anabolical functions both in the lining and in the glandular epithelia, which results in the building up of small amounts of lipid and glycogen. The second one involves the lamina propria as well, and brings about morphological effects which can be superposed on those induced by estrogens. The former seems an autonomous activity and can mainly be found after long-lasting treatments. The latter, on the contrary is influenced by the administration time and can be detected only during a.m. treatments whereas it cannot be detected during p.m. and night treatments. Besides it is influenced by the hypophysal activity and in particular by gonadotropins. The possible mechanism of these influences are discussed.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1984

Development of "granulosa" cell tumors from intrasplenic testicular transplants in castrated ACI rats.

A day-old testis was transplanted into the spleen of one-month-old castrated ACI male rats. For the first six months, diffuse hyperplasia of the interstitial cells was conspicuous with progressive deletion of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules. Then multiple foci of hyperplastic nodules started to appear, mainly near the tunica albuginea, in all castrated rats, but never in noncastrated rats. These nodular tissues gradually fused together (so-called Leydig cell tumors) and at about 12 months, other distinct tumor foci, morphologically indistinguishable from ovarian granulosa cell tumors, developed in and replaced the nodular tissues. The specific binding of follicle stimulating hormone to the "granulosa" cell tumor tissues was demonstrated. The hypothesis is presented that Sertoli cells were involved in the hyperplastic nodules and ultimately gave rise to the "granulosa" cell tumors.

Animals↗