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Results for “Biomedical Engineering”

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At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

The potential of biomimesis in bone tissue engineering: lessons from the design and synthesis of invertebrate skeletons.

Synthetic bone replacement materials are now widely used in orthopedics. However, to date, replication of trabecular bone structure and mechanical competence has proved elusive. Maximization of bone tissue attachment to replacement materials requires a highly organized porous structure for tissue integration and a template for assembly, combined with structural properties analogous to living bone. Natural structural biomaterials provide an abundant source of novel bone replacements. Animal skeletons have been designed through optimization by natural selection to physically support and physiologically maintain diverse tissue types encompassing a variety of functions. These skeletons possess structural properties that provide support for the complete reconstruction and regeneration of ectodermal, mesodermal, and bone tissues derived from animal and human and are thus suited to a diversity of tissue engineering applications. Increased understanding of biomineralization has initiated developments in biomimetic synthesis with the generation of synthetic biomimetic materials fabricated according to biological principles and processes of self-assembly and self-organization. The synthesis of complex inorganic forms, which mimic natural structures, offers exciting avenues for the chemical construction of macrostructures and a new generation of biologically and structurally related bone analogs for tissue engineering.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical engineering strategies for career development.

In the continuing development of clinical engineering, new problem areas are beginning to emerge. Issues related to career development are gaining prominence, and job satisfaction, career advancement, and "burnout" are becoming increasingly important. To address these issues, clinical engineers must assume personal responsibility for their own careers. They must broaden their perception of clinical engineering to include a managerial perspective. The extent to which they assume managerial responsibilities is a function of their personal interests and talents. This involvement can range from a consultative role in decisions involving high technology to a position in the institution's top management staff. This broader definition will significantly benefit not only the field of clinical engineering but individual practitioners as well.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed2002

Developments in the area of bioadhesive drug delivery systems.

This paper aims to review the current progress in bioadhesion for drug delivery applications as well as new techniques related to this field. Research started with mucoadhesive polymers that had already been in use as excipients and were rapidly used in new formulations. Their major drawback was found in their unspecific binding, as they adhere to almost any mucosal surface. As some of the polymers showed additional properties such as enzyme inhibition and permeation enhancement, however, they remain interesting as multifunctional excipients. In contrast to mucoadhesion, the concept of specific bioadhesion by use of lectins and other adhesion molecules is now gaining increasing attention as these substances bind directly to receptors on the cell surface rather than to the mucus gel layer. Since specific binding to the cell surface is often followed by uptake and intracellular transport, new chances for drug delivery evolved. Bioadhesion may, thus, enable researchers to deliver macromolecular drugs directly to specific target cells and has implications also relevant to other fields of science, such as tissue engineering, gene delivery and nanotechnology.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The application of engineering and technology in the management of diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is a relatively common disorder in which many of the body's systems are affected, resulting in morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and good blood glucose control can delay or prevent the onset of these complications. This review illustrates how engineering and technology can help to achieve these goals.

Biomedical Engineering↗