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At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Beyond CK-MB. Biochemical markers for perioperative myocardial infarction.

Diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction remains an important but challenging task. Both clinical symptoms and electrocardiographic changes have inherent limitations. Therefore, biochemical markers for myocardial injury are critical diagnostic tools. The use of creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB) has enhanced detection of perioperative myocardial infarction; however, skeletal muscle damage during surgery limits CK-MB specificity. In this regard, the cardiac troponins appear to offer increased sensitivity, primarily because of their prolonged diagnostic window and even may offer enhanced specificity (especially troponin-I) in patients with surgical skeletal muscle damage. In addition, the convenience of relatively infrequent sampling (because of the prolonged diagnostic window), as well as potential cost savings, make use of the troponin markers attractive. However, definitive data in high-risk patients undergoing either cardiac or noncardiac surgery are still lacking, and significant questions remain regarding appropriate thresholds, specificity of troponin-T, and comparative accuracy of troponin-T, troponin-I, and CK-MB for diagnosis (and prognosis) of perioperative myocardial infarction.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1993

[The characteristics of the changes in the blood enzyme activity of patients with acute alcoholic psychoses].

The serum activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and creatinine kinase was studied in 81 patients with chronic alcoholism and 31 patients with alcoholic psychoses. Eighty-one healthy apparently non-drinkers served as a control group. It is concluded that when acute alcoholic psychoses develop, patients with chronic alcoholism display a simultaneous increase in the activity of enzymes releasing from damaged muscular and hepatic tissues. This makes the application of a number of the diagnostic criteria developed in classical clinical enzymology impossible. The phenomenon of concurrent increases in the activity of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase by 4 times or more has been proposed to be used as a criteria for identifying alcoholic psychosis in alcoholics.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is mast cell activation during asthmatic reaction reflected in the circulation?

Allergic asthmatic patients were challenged with specific allergen that resulted in early asthmatic reaction (EAR). Serum tryptase concentration (STC) and neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) were measured before and during EAR. A significant increase in neutrophil chemotactic activity was noticed in the 60th min, without an accompanying increase in serum tryptase concentration. The rise in neutrophil chemotactic activity in our study confirms previous observations in this field. However, because of the numerous cellular sources for neutrophil chemotactic activity, it does not seem to be a gold standard for measurement of mast cell activation. Undetectable levels of serum tryptase concentration during EAR in our study do not exclude the role of the mast cell in its pathogenesis. To our knowledge, only massive mast cell degranulation is reflected in the circulation as an increased tryptase concentration. In the case of upper respiratory allergic reactions, mast cell degranulation definitely takes place, but does not result in evident changes in serum tryptase concentration. We conclude that mast cell activation during allergen-induced EAR is poorly represented in the circulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Endothelin-1 levels in sputum and plasma of asthmatic patient after allergen provocation].

Recently, endothelin-1 (ET-1) has a potent of contractive effect to bronchial smooth muscle, and it suggests that ET-1 contributes to pathophysiology of bronchial asthma. To study the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in allergic asthma, we measured ET concentration in plasma and in sputum of nine allergic subjects following allergen provocation by using sandwich-enzyme immunoassay (EIA). ET-1 concentration in plasma were higher during IAR (2.31 +/- 0.24 pg/ml) (0.05 < p < 0.1) and LAR (2.55 +/- 0.27 pg/ml) (0.05 < p < 0.1) than prechallenge value (1.99 +/- 0.23 pg/ml) but there was no significant difference. On the other hand ET-1 concentration in sputum were significantly higher during IAR (14.75 +/- 2.77 pg/ml) (p < 0.05) and LAR (18.51 +/- 4.57 pg/ml) (p < 0.05) than prechallenge values (4.29 +/- 2.55 pg/ml). Thus these results suggest that ET-1 play a role of allergic bronchoconstraction (IAR and LAR) after allergen challenge.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Determination of free d-biotin--comparison of instrumental and non-instrumental methods of analysis].

Simple methods for determining free d-biotin were developed based on the latex agglutination reaction inhibition and competitive ELISA. Biotin-binding protein Str used as a biospecific marker was immobilized on the surface of colored polyacrolein latex particles or a nitrocellulose membrane. The sensitivity of both methods of the free d-biotin assay, which take 1.5 h, is 1.0-3.0 ng/ml.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1996

Markers of hemostatic system activation during thromboprophylaxis with recombinant hirudin in total hip replacement.

Coagulation activation markers were studied in 148 patients undergoing total hip replacement under recombinant-hirudin (Desirudin, Revasc) prophylaxis with the aim of investigating the efficacy and safety of this anticoagulant compared with heparin in terms of biological effects on coagulation variables and bleeding. Hirudin (10, 15 or 20 mg s.c. b.i.d.) or unfractionated heparin (5000 IU s.c. t.i.d.) was administered immediately before surgery and continued for 8-12 days. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin activation fragment F1 + 2 (F1 + 2), thrombin-antithrombin III complexes (TAT) and D-dimer were measured at baseline and on postoperative days 1,3 and 6, immediately before the morning injection. In comparison with baseline values, heparin had little effect on aPTT whereas the three hirudin doses prolonged aPTT significantly with no differences among the three doses. Moreover, there were no group differences in perioperative or cumulative blood loss or transfusion requirements. F1 + 2 fragment, TAT and D-dimer plasma levels were higher than at baseline during the entire postoperative period, with different trends (F1 + 2 increasing, TAT decreasing, D-dimer increasing, decreasing and then increasing again), but without significant differences among the four treatment groups. Our findings suggest that specific inhibition of thrombin seems a safe and efficacious mode of blocking thrombin activity after hip surgery although it does not prevent thrombin generation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of tumour markers in cancer diagnosis and treatment.

This paper examines the laboratory identification of tumour markers--substances present in the blood and urine that are released by tumour cells or by the patient in response to a tumour. A general consideration of what constitutes a useful tumour marker is followed by a description of some specific tumour markers currently used in clinical practice. Reference is made to the potential impact of recent cancer research on initiatives for early cancer detection by testing blood.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1996

[Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) as discriminating serum markers of progression to AIDS].

BACKGROUND: To establish the discriminatory value of ADA and beta 2M serum levels as markers of AIDS progression. METHODS: We have followed quarterly during two years a cohort of 24 patients with HIV infection; 103 clinical and laboratory evaluations were done (CDC/93 classification). In each of those blood samples we determined ADA, beta 2M, IgG, IgA, IgM, and CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. RESULTS: 26 evaluations belong to cases that kept stable in the clinic category A or B, CDC/93, ("stables": ADA = 19.05 +/- 10.79 U/L; beta 2M = 2.95 +/- 1.1 mg/L); the remaining 77 evaluations are from patients who clinical progressed to AIDS ("progressors": ADA = 32.03 +/- 13.2 U/L; beta 2M = 4.74 +/- 1.94 mg/L). When we compared statistically (RSIGMA software) the ADA and beta 2M means of both groups (Student t) and the means of all the variables in a block (multivariate analysis: Hotelling T2), very significant differences were appreciated (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: ADA and beta 2M are significantly increased in serum of HIV infected patients who clinical progress to AIDS. ADA and beta 2M can be used as serum markers of AIDS progression with a mistaken classification probability in the discriminatory analysis of 0.25; this probability decreases to 0.06 when immunoglobulins and lymphocytes subpopulations are evaluated too.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

[Serum CK-BB. A biochemical marker in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis].

OBJECTIVE: We performed a prospective study of 72 preterm neonates with high-risk predisposing them to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in which isoenzyme CK-BB activity in serum was measured at birth and after establishment of feeding with the purpose being to investigate whether CK-BB isoenzyme measurement may be useful in the diagnosis of NEC and an efficient marker in the evolution of the disease. DESIGN AND METHODS: In 12 neonates with NEC, CK-BB was measured in serum, at the beginning of symptoms and every 48 hours until remission of the acute episode. Control data were obtained from 26 healthy preterm and 20 preterm neonates with diarrhoea of several etiologies. Fourteen infants were excluded from the study due to complications. Electrophoresis on an agarose gel was used determine CK isoenzymes and these are expressed as the percentage of total CK activity. RESULTS: There were no differences in CK-BB values between the control groups. At the beginning of symptoms, the CK-BB in serum was significantly greater in neonates with NEC (p < 0.001) than in the control groups and were continuously elevated until complete recovery from NEC. CONCLUSION: The CK-BB was shown as a useful marker in the diagnosis and evolution of NEC.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1995

The value of serum interleukin-6 measurement in the investigation of patients suspected of myocardial infarction.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the cytokine mediators of the acute phase response. The value of IL-6 determination in the investigation of patients suspected of acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina is not fully established. In 26 patients being investigated for AMI and UA, IL-6, Creatine Kinase (CK) and Troponin T (TnT) were elevated with peak values at 12 hours (for IL-6 and CK) and at 0 and 24 hours (for TnT) following admission. CK values in AMI were significantly different from UA patients at 0, 6, 12, and 25 hours following admission, whereas, IL-6 values showed significant difference only at 24 hours. TnT showed a significant difference between the groups at 0 and 24 hours following admission. There was poor negative correlation between IL-6 and CK levels and percentage left ventricular ejection fraction. This study showed that, although IL-6 was elevated in AMI and UA patients, the spread of the data indicated that its measurement is of limited value in the diagnosis of AMI.

Angina, Unstable↗