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At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Biogenic amines in the digesta of swine].

Concentrations of amines were analysed in the digesta of piglets and fattening pigs after refining using an aminoacid-analyser. Feed contained only small amounts of putrescine. In the stomach histamine, tyramine, putrescine and cadaverine were nearly equally distributed, whereas in the colon cadaverine presented the main part. Piglets with 24% CP had in stomach/small intestine/hindgut 4.2/10.2/9.6 mmol, with 18% CP-/5.5/4.9 mmol amines/kg DM digesta. Fattering pigs showed in jejunal digesta from 2.1 to 8.7 mmol, in the caecum 1 to 4.8 mmol and in the colon 0.2 to 2.2 mmol amines/kg DM. Increasing CF-contents and bactericide supplements in the diet lowered amine concentration in all gut sections not significantly.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1980

Urinary acid metabolites of biogenic amines in schizophrenic patients.

A hypothesis is presented that only pure type B monoamine oxidase (MAO) amine substrates and their oxidized metabolites should be altered in mental patients, especially paranoid chronic schizophrenics. If urinary pH is rigorously controlled, it is predicted that 24-hour urinary amine levels (free and total) of pure type B MAO substrates will be elevated and their corresponding acid metabolites reduced, especially under excess substrate conditions in vivo. The usual 50 percent decrease in platelet MAO, which is reported to be in some schizophrenic patients in vitro, should especially show biochemical functional deficits in vivo when the organism is stressed with a suitable amine or amino acid substrate given as a diagnostic load. Such an approach amy be useful in demonstrating a functional biochemical deficit and the biological significance of low platelet MAO activity (a type B MAO) seen in some psychiatric patients.

Biogenic Amines↗
PubMed1993

Age-related changes in biogenic amines, opiate, and steroid receptors in the prepubertal bull calf.

Events leading to the increase in pulsatile LH secretion during prepubertal development in the bull calf may include removal of inhibitory or the development of stimulatory mechanisms affecting the hypothalamic release of GnRH. To examine possible contributing systems, serial blood samples were collected from Holstein bull calves at 2, 5, and 10 wk of age one day prior to receiving either no treatment (controls) or two injections of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha-MPT), an inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis. Blood was sampled every 10 min for 5 h and serum was analyzed for LH by RIA. Following treatment, animals were killed and hypothalamic and pituitary tissues were removed for analysis of total opiate receptors, mu-opiate receptors, estrogen and androgen receptors and concentrations of monoamines: dopamine, the dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DO-PAC), norepinephrine, serotonin, and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA). Pulses of LH increased from non-detectable at 2 wk to nearly 1.5 pulses per sampling period at 10 wk. Pulse height rose to 0.95 +/- 0.16 ng/ml at 10 wk. Total opiate receptor number as determined by binding to naloxone was unchanged in all tissues between 2 and 10 wk. In contrast, mu-opiate receptors (DAGO binding) increased 2-fold in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area between 5 and 10 wk. No age-related changes in estrogen receptor concentrations were observed in any tissue except the anterior pituitary in which binding increased 3.2-fold between 2 and 10 wk. A similar increase was not noted for androgen receptors in the pituitary; however, testosterone binding in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area was 4.6-fold higher at 5 wk compared to levels at 2 and 10 wk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aging↗
PubMed1998

Lipopolysaccharide, central in vivo biogenic amine variations, and anhedonia.

Systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a non-specific activator of proinflammatory cytokine release from macrophages, provokes sickness characterized by anorexia, soporific effects, and disturbances of locomotor activity and exploration. In addition, endotoxin treatment may provoke an anhedonic response. Assessment of anhedonia in appetitive paradigms, however, is compromised by the anorexia provoked by the treatment. The present investigation assessed the anhedonic effects of LPS on rewarding lateral hypothalamic brain stimulation. Using a simultaneous discrimination, current titration procedure in the assessment of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), it was found that acute systemic administration of LPS (50 microg, 100 microg or 200 microg) reduced ICSS during the ascending sequence of current presentations, but had little effect on responding to a series of descending currents. In a parallel experiment, peripheral administration of LPS (100 microg) increased in vivo dopamine (DA) efflux from the nucleus accumbens, a region thought to be involved in goal-directed responding to positively reinforcing stimuli. It is suggested that LPS alters ICSS in a manner different than that observed following stressor exposure or peripheral IL-2 treatment. Furthermore, LPS may engender an anhedonic effect (possibly secondary to sickness), and the decline of responding reflects the relation between the cost of responding given in the face of sickness and the reward received for responding.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1988

Effect of interferon-gamma on biogenic amine metabolism, electroencephalographic recordings, and transient potentials.

For assessment of the underlying central mechanisms of interferon (IFN), measurements have been made of the neurotoxicity, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) concentrations, along with electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings and visual evoked potentials (VEP) during recombinant IFN-gamma therapy. Interferon-gamma was administered intravenously to 14 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer as 2 mg/m2 (48 X 10(6) IU/m2) three times weekly with 4 h infusion for 12 weeks. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were taken by means of lumbar puncture prior to treatment and during the end of the second week of IFN-gamma infusions. During the course of treatment, CSF 5-HIAA diminished from 129.6 +/- 10.9 to 84.5 +/- 10.4 nmol/L (p less than 0.001), while no significant changes were observed in HVA, EEG, and VEPs. These results suggest that IFN-gamma has an effect on the central serotonergic neurotransmission.

Biogenic Amines↗
PubMed1988

Urinary levels of biogenic amine metabolites in mentally retarded children.

Urinary total catecholamines, their metabolites and metabolite of serotonin were estimated in 32 mentally retarded children and 15 controls. Levels of total catecholamines. MHPG and 5-HIAA were not significantly different from controls. However, the mean VMA and HVA excretion in mentally retarded children was significantly increased compared to the control group. It is concluded that an altered metabolism of dopamine is involved in mental retardation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modification of brain biogenic amines by met5-enkephalin amide in the rat.

1. Gross changes in behaviour and whole brain levels of noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were examined in rats for 3 min following intracerebral injections of met5-enkephalin amide or morphine. 2. Both the enkephalin and morphine depressed respiration and induced a cataleptic-like state, but only the enkephalin produced wet-shake responses. 3. All doses of met5-enkephalin amide (150,200 and 600 microgram) and morphine (134 and 200 microgram) increased the brain levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, whereas only the large doses modified the levels of noradrenaline and serotonin. 4. The similarity of the effects of these two compounds indicates that morphine may act through an enkephalin-like mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Brain biogenic amines and intravenous self-administration of cocaine in rats.

1. The possible involvent of noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin and 5-hydorxyindoleacetic acid in the behavioural reinforcement produced by invravenous cocaine has been investigated. 2. rats, in Skinner boxes, were allowed to self-administer cocaine through a chronically implanted jugular vein cannula. A consistent response rate in the order of one self-administration every 10 min was observed with a dose of 3.0 mg/kg cocaine hydrochloride per response. 3. Another group of rats was cannulated and injected with a range of one to six such doses of cocaine at 10 min intervals on the basis of the responding rate, established by rats in the Skinner box. At times of 2,5 and 8 min after each dose of cocaine, the rats were decapitated and brain concentrations of noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were determined. 4. The brain levels of noradernaline exhibited a cyclic pattern of rise and fall after each dose of cocaine, which corresponded in its time base with the time interval between responses established by the rats in the Skinner box.

Animals↗