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PubMed2003

Behavioral problems and scholastic adjustment among Bedouin-Arab children from polygamous and monogamous marital family structures: some developmental considerations.

Families in the Bedouin-Arab community in Israel are characterized by monogamous and polygamous marriages. Such diversity in family structure occurs in other parts of the world, yet scant empirical evidence exists to refute or to support the claim that polygamous family structure can be a risk factor for children's school maladjustment and negative developmental outcomes. The purpose of the current study was to test this claim. Participants were 255 3rd-grade children from the Negev Bedouin community in Israel. One hundred fifty-three children came from monogamous families that were characterized by 1 wife (i.e., 1-wife families), and 102 children came from polygamous families consisting of 2 wives (i.e., 2-wife families). Teachers completed the Teacher's Report Form of the Child Behavior Checklist (T. M. Achenback, 1991b). A series of logistic regression analyses, after adjusting for maternal education level, revealed that 2-wife children tended to have higher levels of externalizing problems in general and higher levels of attention problems in particular than did their 1-wife counterparts. Also, 2-wife children had higher rates of school absenteeism and lower levels of overall academic achievement than did 1-wife children. Implications for the Bedouin society are discussed.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1992

A critical analysis of work-site fitness programs and their postulated economic benefits.

Many early work-site exercise programs had a unique fitness focus. More recently, modular programs have addressed many facets of lifestyle. Their stated objective has often been to boost corporate morale or employee health rather than to have direct economic benefits, and evaluation has frequently been in terms of process rather than a cost-benefit or a cost-effectiveness analysis. Nevertheless, a growing number of authors have claimed fiscal dividends from such programs. A full economic evaluation must consider such issues as the transfer of benefits between various sectors of the economy, opportunity costs to participants, marginal costs and benefits, inflation, discounting, and the choice between cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses. Suggested benefits include an improvement of corporate image, a decrease of employee turnover, gains of productivity, reduced absenteeism and medical costs, an improved employee lifestyle, and a decrease of industrial injuries. In practice, the corporate impact of a program is greatly attenuated, depending on prevalence of need, participation rate, program response of recruits, and continued employment of such individuals within a company. Costs to the corporation include promotion, facilities, equipment, and professional leadership. However, such items are often small relative to the opportunity costs incurred by the participant. For this reason, activities that can be built into the normal day of the employee (for example, walking or cycling to and from work) may prove more acceptable and more cost-effective than formal work-site classes.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2004

[Ethical problems faced by in managing HIV in workplace].

This study which was conducted between September 1999 and June 2000 among occupational physicians aimed to appreciate ethical problems faced by physicians in managing HIV infection in workplace. A questionnaire was administrated by telephone to physicians included in the list of Occupational Physicians Association. Thirty eight physicians responded among the fourty four contacted. Thirty two ie 84.21% did face HIV infection in their workplace. The frequency of meeting cases was in between 1 to 5 for 68.75%. Thirty two did order the test either to depist or to conduct eatiologic diagnosis. Informed consent were asked by twenty one physicians. Six physicians ie 18.75% did inform the employer of serologic status, among them four said having obtain employee's consent to reveal status. For them, such revalation was the basis for financial involvment of employer in the treatment, and facilitates his tolerance of absenteeism. Four physicians signaled facing dilemma when a patient did not want to inform his or her partner of his (her) serologic status. They suggested a legal authorization to reveal patients status in such circumtances.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2005

Worksite influenza immunization programs. Insight into the implementation and cost-benefit.

The most important factors in cost-benefit analyses of worksite influenza immunization programs are vaccine cost and administration, vaccine efficacy, and the assumptions used to calculate lost productivity from worker absenteeism or decreased effectiveness. Based on several models published in the literature, estimates of savings per healthy working adult employee could be anticipated to range between dollars 15 and dollars 50. Variations of this net savings are primarily based on assumptions of productivity estimates of the employee. Efficient large worksite influenza immunization programs are feasible and worthy of employer consideration for economic and employee satisfaction reasons.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2005

Higher profile for migraine management spurs boom in DM offerings.

With more employers taking an interest in DM, the economic case has been broadened to include such factors as absenteeism and worker productivity. This trend has prompted many organizations to take a new look at managing migraines. Surveys suggest these debilitating headaches arc responsible for millions in lost productivity, and yet there are several effective treatment strategies. Further, developers believe even modest migraine DM programs can deliver an ROI.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1992

Long term impact of a fitness programme--the Canada Life Study.

Information gathered over twelve years operation of the Canada Life Assurance fitness programme is reviewed. Motives leading to programme initiation included sale of a health-related product, managerial interest, and government and university support. Participation is now a little under capacity, at about 13% of eligible staff. Except in a small minority of members, the impact upon physical condition and lipid profile has been marginal. The reported community exercise participation of employees has increased since initiation of the programme. An early reduction of employee turnover has been sustained in programme participants. A reduction of absenteeism is limited to enthusiastic participants, with a 0.13% payroll saving for the company as a whole. An early analysis suggested a substantial Hawthorne effect, but a 2.7% gain of productivity relative to a matched control company. Medical insurance claims were also lowered in the first year after introduction of the programme, probably because of gains in perceived health. The Canadian Health Hazard Appraisal instrument showed a two-year reduction of appraised age in male participants. The gymnasium area was developed at a cost of about $175,000, or $700/m2 1990 Canadian dollars, and the current operating budget is about $110,000/year. The 400 members each pay $55/year, and the company provides an operating subsidy of about $200/member. Overall findings suggest the programme remains cost-effective and cost-beneficial.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2005

Impairment in work productivity and health-related quality of life in patients with IBS.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a long-term and episodic medical disorder shown to have an impact on work productivity and health-related quality of life (QOL). The objective of this study was to assess the impact of IBS on work productivity and on health-related QOL in an employed population in the United States and to quantify the cost of these factors to the employer. A 2-phase survey was sent to the workforce of a large US bank to assess the presence of IBS among employees and to measure their work productivity (absenteeism [time lost from work] and presenteeism [reduced productivity at work]) and health-related QOL. Forty-one percent of the 1776 employees responding to both phases of the survey met the Rome II criteria for IBS. Employees with IBS reported a 15% greater loss in work productivity because of gastrointestinal symptoms than employees without IBS and had significantly lower Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) scores than those without IBS. IBS was associated with a 21% reduction in work productivity, equivalent to working less than 4 days in a 5-day workweek. Employees with IBS also had significantly lower scores on all domains of the SF-36, indicating poorer functional outcomes. Reduced work productivity and diminished QOL of these magnitudes may have substantial financial impact on employers.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2005

Tegaserod treatment for IBS: a model of indirect costs.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been associated with substantial time lost from work (absenteeism) and reduced productivity at work (presenteeism), which are the indirect costs of illness. This article presents a productivity model demonstrating the indirect costs associated with IBS and the reduction in those costs for a cohort of female employees hypothetically treated with tegaserod, a new selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) type 4 (5-HT4) receptor agonist, which is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treating women with IBS-C. The model is based on economic and epidemiologic published literature and clinical trial results. In this model, tegaserod treatment resulted in 1882 dollars in avoided lost productivity per treated female employee. Considering only the benefits of decreased work loss and the costs of medical therapy, the model predicts a benefit/cost ratio of 3.75 in the base case. From an employer's perspective, medical therapy for IBS with tegaserod is cost-effective under a series of assumptions for the treatment of women with IBS with constipation.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2005

[Migraine--the repercussions on functioning and quality of life, treatment and the doctor-patient relationship in Israel].

BACKGROUND: Migraines are a common illness affecting the functioning and quality of life of its sufferers. Research indicates that doctors tend to underrate the severity of this ailment and as such, do not always provide an adequate solution, including specific migraine treatment. AIM: The survey aimed to examine the repercussions of migraines on functioning, quality of life, widespread treatment of the disease and the doctor-patient relationship in Israel. METHODS: The survey was conducted by means of a telephone poll consisting of 200 women suffering from migraines and treated with drugs. RESULTS: It was found that migraines, despite current treatment, impair the patient's functioning, lead to work absenteeism (51%) and have a negative effect on social life and leisure activities (80%). To our surprise, only half of the patients complained of their migraine attacks to their family physician, less than half of them (48%) take prescription drugs and only 10% are treated with medication prescribed specifically for migraines (Triptan). CONCLUSIONS: This survey shows that in Israel there is room for improvement in each one of the examined fields for the well-being of the patient, the patient's family, social environment and work place.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1992

Preemployment drug screening. The epidemiologic issues.

Deciding to test applicants for employment for drugs raises complex, legal, moral, economic, and technical issues. However, we focus here on three epidemiologic issues germane to this decision. In one industry, the United States Postal Service, two recent studies suggest associations between positive preemployment drug screens and turnover, absenteeism, accidents, injuries, and discipline, but these associations are weaker than had been assumed. Cost-benefit analyses show that whether drug screening saves money depends both on the costs associated with adverse outcomes such as accidents and on the prevalence of drug use in the population screened. Finally, the predictive value of a positive drug screen also depends crucially on the prevalence of drug use. In populations with low prevalence of drug use, a large proportion of the positives may be false positives.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2005

[Impact of allergic rhinitis on work productivity: a pilot study].

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis can interfere with cognitive function, can impair work productivity, and may cause work absences. In this study, we evaluated the impact of Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCP) on work productivity. METHODS: The study was conducted between February 24 and March 8, 2003 (peak pollen season), and 512 workers with JCP were enrolled. Study outcomes included self-reported work productivity (absenteeism and presenteeism) and quality of life (the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36). RESULTS: Most patients (91%) did not lose their work time due to JCP during the past 7 days. Approximately half of patients reported a 25% reduction in productivity compared with non pollination season. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the following factors were selected as independent risk factors for lost work time: duration of disease (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.658) and itching eyes (aOR = 1.552). Likewise, SF-36 PCS (aOR = 0.946), MCS (aOR = 0.927) and using pollinosis relief products (aOR = 2.020) were predictors of lost productivity. CONCLUSION: This study shows that we should pay more attention to ocular symptoms as well as nasal symptoms and improve patients' quality of life as soon as possible in order to reduce productivity losses.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1992

Osteopathy: the 'orthodox' alternative.

Janice Kaye believes that osteopathy can significantly reduce employee absenteeism. Here she explains its unique system of treatment and argues for its use in OH departments.

Absenteeism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surge capacity and casualization: Human resource issues in the post-SARS health system.

In Ontario, the unpredictable funding climate of the 1990s led health care organizations to look for ways to reduce costs. Adopting a just-in-time staffing policy, they employed fewer full-time workers, scheduled part-time workers to work regular shifts, took on more casual staff, and became increasingly reliant on agency nurses and overtime to cover shifts. These policies resulted in higher costs and reduced surge capacity, and placed the health of nurses and patients in jeopardy. Fewer staff meant more overtime. Stress-related absenteeism increased. Some nurses reacted to casualization by working for multiple employers. During the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) epidemic in Toronto, nursing resources were stretched to their limits. An exploratory investigation, based on relevant literature and interviews with 13 nurse administrators who held key positions during the epidemic, confirmed the lack of spare capacity in the health care system and indicated that community and long-term care sectors had less capacity than acute care. Low surge capacity in these sectors increased the vulnerability of the entire health care system. Capacity issues should be addressed as part of a larger human resources initiative to create a more flexible workforce. Since SARS, a number of government and organizational initiatives have been developed to increase nursing capacity.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2006

Effect of immunomodulatory therapy and other factors on employment loss time in multiple sclerosis.

The factors that influence time missed from work among individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis were the focus of this study. Records of individuals who were employed and diagnosed with multiple sclerosis between the years 1999 and 2002 (N=284) were examined for details pertaining to their medical claims. Multivariate regressions, controlling for demographic characteristics, type of immunomodulatory medication, and overall severity of illness, were used in the examination of the total number of days missed from work for any reason and those missed due to absenteeism, short-term disability, or worker's compensation. Results indicate that lost work time is affected by severity of illness, and type of immunomodulatory therapy. Comparing individuals treated with the specific immunomodulator glatiramer acetate, interferon beta-1a (intramuscular), or interferon beta-1b, to those who did not receive multiple sclerosis medications of this type; only glatiramer acetate was associated with significantly fewer days missed from work for short term disability (18.24 fewer days, P<0.03), worker's compensation (29.50 fewer days, P<0.04) or any reason (53.70 fewer days, P< 0.003).

Absenteeism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Arterial hypertension and work activities].

Human work may be a causative agent in arterial hypertension (A.H.), for example through the action of toxic or physical agents such as lead and noise. The working environment is also a useful place for A.H. screening and assessment of therapeutic compliance. However, new cases of A.H. should be treated and followed up in order to avoid increased absenteeism. The choice of therapeutic drugs should take account of the type of job (i.e., amount of energy expenditure, sensorial charge, hot environment) and the shift, so as to achieve a single daily administration (for example using combined drugs). Hypertensive subjects could be advised against night work.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1991

[Absence because of infectious diseases among children attending day care institutions in a county].

A retrospective investigation was undertaken of the connection between absence on account of illness and the hygienic routines in 28 day institutions in the County of Storstrøm. A total of 953 children aged 0-6 years were involved. Absence on account of illness was described on the basis of registration for three months carried out by the staffs of the day institutions. On the basis of information about sick-leave, interview investigations were carried out the hygienic routines in the six day institutions which showed the highest and lowest absenteeism on account of illness, respectively. Only slight differences were found in the hygienic routines in the institutions investigated and no connections were found between sickness and hygiene. On the other hand, there appears to have been a connection between absence on account of illness and time spent out-of-doors; the greatest illness being observed in the institutions where the children spent least time out-of-doors. With the object preventions of illness among children in day institutions, further investigations concerning the significance of time spent out-of-doors and the indoor environment for these children would be of interest.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1991

A cluster of meningococcal disease on a school bus following epidemic influenza.

An outbreak of meningococcal disease among children on a school bus offered the opportunity to study a proposed association between this infection and preceding influenza infection. Five students who rode the bus became ill with invasive group C meningococcus. Transmission was limited to the bus; there was no evidence for school transmission. All five students reported influenza-like symptoms within several weeks before the development of meningococcal disease. School absenteeism, principally due to upper respiratory tract illness, was higher during the 3 weeks before the outbreak of meningococcal disease than during any period in the preceding 3 1/2 years, suggesting an unusually severe outbreak of respiratory illness. A case-control study comparing students with and without influenza symptoms revealed that the outbreak of respiratory disease was due to B/Ann Arbor/1/86 influenza (geometric mean titers, 86 for 80 patients and 33 for 47 controls [P = .0007]). These data add to the evidence suggesting that influenza respiratory infection predisposes to meningococcal disease.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1990

Nurse decision-making influence. A discrepancy between the nursing and hospital literatures.

The associations between participative management and nurse absenteeism, and between work autonomy and nurse turnover, are found to be more negative in nursing than in hospital administration publications. These differences are congruent with what may be different stances of nursing and hospital administration on the subject of nurse decision-making influence. Implications of the apparent discrepancy between the nursing and hospital literatures are discussed.

Absenteeism↗