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At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources

A therapeutic atlas of monogenic inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Evidence-based, mechanism-guided therapies are urgently needed for treating monogenic inflammatory bowel disease (mIBD). For such rare diseases, mechanistic insight is essential to guide treatment when conventional clinical trials are often not feasible. We aimed to summarize literature-based evidence and to identify knowledge gaps. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of published manuscripts evaluating the therapeutic efficacy in mIBD. We quantified and compared the global therapeutic response score across treatments and conditions. In a subset of conditions, biomarkers of longitudinal therapeutic response were evaluated in comparison to non-monogenic pediatric IBD cohorts. RESULTS: Responses to 35 therapeutics across the 102 known genetic causes of mIBD were evaluated in 241 articles and 669 patients, summarizing 302 gene-drug responses. The efficacy of at least one pharmacological intervention was identified in 61% (n = 62/102) of the mIBD conditions, highlighting a major unmet need for effective medications in many others. Gene- and pathway-specific responses were demonstrated for several therapies, including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, gene therapy, and advanced therapies such as anti-TNF agents, IL-1 inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, as well as eculizumab in CD55 deficiency, abatacept in CTLA4 deficiency, and the immunometabolic agent empagliflozin in glycogen storage disease type 1b. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the potential of precision medicine approaches tailored to genetic and pathway-specific mechanisms, while underscoring the urgent need for effective therapies in many monogenic conditions that remain without established treatment options.

Humans↗

GenePaint.org: an atlas of gene expression patterns in the mouse embryo.

High-throughput instruments were recently developed to determine gene expression patterns on tissue sections by RNA in situ hybridization. The resulting images of gene expression patterns, chiefly of E14.5 mouse embryos, are accessible to the public at http://www.genepaint.org. This relational database is searchable for gene identifiers and RNA probe sequences. Moreover, patterns and intensity of expression in approximately 100 different embryonic tissues are annotated and can be searched using a standardized catalog of anatomical structures. A virtual microscope tool, the Zoom Image Server, was implemented in GenePaint.org and permits interactive zooming and panning across approximately 15,000 high-resolution images.

Animals↗

BacMap: an interactive picture atlas of annotated bacterial genomes.

BacMap is an interactive visual database containing fully labeled, zoomable and searchable chromosome maps from more than 170 bacterial (archaebacterial and eubacterial) species. It uses a recently developed visualization tool (CGView) to generate high-resolution circular genome maps from sequence feature information. Each map includes an interface that allows the image to be expanded and rotated. In the default view, identified genes are drawn to scale and colored according to coding directions. When a region of interest is expanded, gene labels are displayed. Each label is hyperlinked to a custom 'gene card' which provides several fields of information concerning the corresponding DNA and protein sequences. Each genome map is searchable via a local BLAST search and a gene name/synonym search. BacMap is freely available at http://wishart.biology.ualberta.ca/BacMap/.

Chromosome Mapping↗

CASTp: computed atlas of surface topography of proteins with structural and topographical mapping of functionally annotated residues.

Cavities on a proteins surface as well as specific amino acid positioning within it create the physicochemical properties needed for a protein to perform its function. CASTp (http://cast.engr.uic.edu) is an online tool that locates and measures pockets and voids on 3D protein structures. This new version of CASTp includes annotated functional information of specific residues on the protein structure. The annotations are derived from the Protein Data Bank (PDB), Swiss-Prot, as well as Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), the latter contains information on the variant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are known to cause disease. These annotated residues are mapped to surface pockets, interior voids or other regions of the PDB structures. We use a semi-global pair-wise sequence alignment method to obtain sequence mapping between entries in Swiss-Prot, OMIM and entries in PDB. The updated CASTp web server can be used to study surface features, functional regions and specific roles of key residues of proteins.

Amino Acids↗

On developing expert-based decision-support systems in physical therapy: the NIOSH low back atlas.

We have described the process of the initial development of an expert-based decision-support system for the management of patients with low back syndrome. Important considerations for developing decision-support systems are reviewed, both generally and specifically. The term "expert" is dissected and discussed. Our work so far involved congregation of a number of experts and compilation of a testing protocol. We are now refining the system for specific populations and purposes.

Back Pain↗

Atlas of pediatric nuclear cardiology: part II.

Cardiovascular nuclear medicine is an extremely useful clinical tool. The full potential of nuclear techniques in pediatrics has only recently been realized. Depending on the child's problem, one may choose to perform qualitative radionuclide angiography, first-pass studies, gated blood pool studies, myocardial perfusion imaging, particle imaging, or a combination of these studies. The examinations are sensitive, noninvasive, accurate, and available on the clinical level.

Adolescent↗