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PubMed1991

Comparative cytofluorometric DNA analysis of pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands.

The nuclear DNA content in the tumor cells of 17 pleomorphic adenomas (PA) and 26 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) was assayed by cytofluorometry to clarify the etiology of the differences in their biological nature. Aneuploidy was found in only two solid-pattern ACC samples; all the other samples had diploid stemlines. With respect to the polyploid cell rate and the S + G2M fraction, the differences between the four histological patterns of PA were not significant. In the ACC, the S + G2M fraction was significantly higher in solid pattern than in cribriform or trabecular pattern tumors, which may indicate that proliferative activity is higher in the solid pattern than in the other two. The polyploid cell rate in ACC was significantly higher in the solid pattern than in the cribriform pattern carcinomas. There was no significant difference in the mean polyploid cell rate between PAs and ACCs. The mean S + G2M fraction was significantly higher in all histological patterns of ACCs than in PAs. These results suggest that proliferative activity is greater in any one of the histological patterns of ACC than in PA. These findings may largely explain the biological differences between the two tumors.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1994

Hypernasality following adenoid removal.

Persistent hypernasality after adenotonsillectomy is not an uncommon complication, occurring in approximately 1 in 1,500 procedures. The primary aetiological factor is an underlying congenital abnormality of the palate which is unmasked by removing the adenoidal tissue. It is possible to identify many of those at risk by careful history taking and clinical examination. For those patients in whom this complication occurs spontaneous improvement can be expected for up to one year afterwards, and speech therapy may be useful. Surgical intervention is necessary in up to 50% of cases.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1977

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the antrum and epiphora.

Tearing was the initial symptom in two patients who subsequently developed a mass over the anterior lacrimal crest area caused by adenoid cystic carcinoma of the antrum. In a 76-year-old woman, a paranasal sinus X-ray film revealed an antral mass, and the histopathologic diagnosis was made by incisional biopsy. She refused further examination and treatment. In a 62-year-old woman, a paranasal sinus X-ray film and computed axial tomography examination revealed an antral mass. Epiphora caused by obstruction of the nasolacrimal sac was shown by dacryocystography. Bony destruction of the medial orbital floor was shown by paranasal sinus X-ray film, and confirmed at the time of initial biopsy. Orbital exenteration and radical maxillectomy and ethmoidectomy were performed, and the histopathologic diagnosis and primary site of the tumor were confirmed. There was no recurrence 24 months postoperatively.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

A clinicopathologic study of 21 cases of adenoid squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid and periorbital region.

We conducted a clinicopathologic study of adenoid squamous cell carcinoma involving the eyelid (15 cases) and periorbital region (six cases). The mean age of the 17 men and four women was 64.5 years (range, 43 to 85 years). Histopathologically, the lesions were characterized by acantholysis and a pseudoglandular pattern with many alveolar and tubular structures. Solar keratosis was also a prominent histologic feature, suggesting that exposure to the sun was a predisposing factor. Local recurrences occurred in five of 16 patients for whom follow-up information was available (mean follow-up period, 8.8 years). There was no regional lymph node or distant metastasis, and none of these patients died of their neoplastic disease. Surgical excision appears to be the best treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Pseudovascular adenoid squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: clinicopathologic study of three cases and comparison with true pleuropulmonary angiosarcoma.

Pseudovascular adenoid squamous cell carcinoma (PASCC) is a variant epithelial neoplasm with the ability to simulate the growth pattern of angiosarcoma. It has been documented in the breast, skin, and, recently, lung. We describe three additional examples of pulmonary PASCC occurring in two men and one woman. The patients' ages ranged from 47 to 54 years at diagnosis, and all patients had radiographically and macroscopically typical squamous carcinomas of the lung. Histologically, the tumors showed the presence of interanastomosing pseudoluminal spaces that were lined by obviously atypical epithelioid cells and focally contained erythrocytes. Overtly carcinomatous growth was apparent only very focally. A comparison case of true pleuropulmonary angiosarcoma in a 57-year-old man showed closely similar microscopic features, but it lacked areas that resembled conventional carcinomas. Immunohistologic studies revealed uniform reactivity for keratin in PASCC of the lung. Two cases also stained positively for epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin, but all of them were negative for von Willebrand factor, CD31, CD34, and binding of Ulex europaeus I lectin. Electron microscopic examination of the three cases showed the presence of intercellular desmosomes and cytoplasmic tonofibrils. The example of true pleuropulmonary angiosarcoma demonstrated an endothelial immunophenotype. Two of three patients with pulmonary PASCC survived for at least 20 months, whereas the individual with true angiosarcoma died within 3 months. Together with prior reports on such lesions, these data suggest that angiosarcoma-like carcinomas of the lung differ pathologically and behaviorally from primary pulmonary endothelial malignancies.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1995

Characteristics of antitumor activity of 3,4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]- 2(1H)-quinolinone (vesnarinone) against a human adenoid squamous carcinoma-forming cell line grown in athymic nude mice.

The tumors produced by transplantation into nude mice of human adenoid squamous carcinoma-forming cell line TYS, presumably derived from a minor salivary gland, were treated with a differentiation-inducing agent, vesnarinone, which was given per o.s. daily at a dose of 200 mg/kg for 35 days. They were then examined morphologically and immunohistochemically. The vesnarinone treatment resulted in a significant suppression of tumor growth. In addition, tumor nests indicating keratinocyte and acinar cell differentiation were often observed in the treated tumors, but not in untreated controls. Tissue sections from vesnarinone-treated and untreated TYS tumors were stained with monoclonal antibody (NAb) directed to carbohydrate antigen LeY or proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and with rabbit polyclonal antibody to p53. Antibody staining patterns were compared with morphological characteristics of cells as revealed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and DNA fragmentation patterns as revealed by 3'-OH nick-end labelling techniques. Tissue sections from vesnarinone-treated TYS tumors showed positive reaction with nick-end labelling and were extensively stained strongly by anti-LeY MAb, whereas the untreated tumors showed negative reaction with nick-end labelling and were infrequently stained by anti-LeY MAb. Within LeY-positive areas of tissue sections from the vesnarinone-treated tumors, keratinocyte and acinar cell differentiation as well as DNA fragmentation were frequently observed, although not all LeY-positive cells showed such signs of apoptosis. LeY-positive cells showed consistent negative staining by anti-PCNA MAb and anti-p53 rabbit serum. From these findings, it can be considered that vesnarinone has differentiation and apoptosis-inducing activity against TYS cells grown in athymic nude mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Mothers' management of adenoid-tonsillectomy pain in 4- to 8-year-olds: a preliminary study.

The health care system has moved towards home care, early discharge, and day procedures. Parents in the home are, therefore, far more likely to be managing their children's postoperative pain than health professionals. The purpose of this study was to describe mothers' experiences in identifying and managing their children's acute pain associated with surgery. Because little is known about family's perceptions and management of a child's pain in the home, a qualitative design and grounded theory method were used. A purposive, convenience sample of 7 mothers whose children were 4-8 years old and who had a day-surgery adenoid-tonsillectomy were interviewed in depth (2-3 interviews per mother). Four themes were found in the data: (1) mothers' descriptions of their children's overall pattern of postoperative pain indicated that pain was minimal or absent before surgery, increased following surgery, and decreased with medicine and healing; (2) mothers' assessment and evaluation of their children's pain used pain cues similar to those used by nurses and physicians; (3) all the mothers worried about drug addiction; and 4) mothers learned to manage their children's pain through 'trial and error'. This study provides beginning data for understanding family management of children's pain.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed2005

Double hairpin elements and tandem repeats in the non-coding region of Adenoides eludens chloroplast gene minicircles.

Dinoflagellate plastid genomes are unique in having a reduced number of genes, most of which are found on unigenic minicircles of 2-3 kb. Although the dinoflagellate Adenoides eludens has larger minicircles of about 5 kb, they still carry only one gene. In addition, digenic circles of about 10 kb were detected and mapped by PCR. The non-coding regions of both unigenic and digenic circles share a number of common features including a pair of conserved cores in opposite orientation, four large families of tandem repeats and a number of double hairpin elements (DHEs). They most closely resemble the non-coding regions of the Symbiodinium psbA minicircles, but are much longer, less conserved and have an even greater variety of DHEs and tandem repeats. The presence of so many recombinogenic elements suggests models for the origin of minicircles from a multigenic ancestral chloroplast genome, and raises the possibility of recombination-directed replication rather than defined replication origins in the minicircles.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Isolation and characterisation of adenoid squamous carcinoma cells highly producing SCC antigen and CEA from carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.

A serially transplantable adenoid squamous carcinoma tumour line (SCCMM) derived from carcinoma of the maxillary sinus of a 56-year-old male with high serum levels of SCC antigen (SCC-Ag) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was established in athymic nude mice. Nude mouse tumours produced by transplantation of operated material showed similar histological features to those of the original tumour and expression of SCC-Ag and CEA immunohistochemically. In addition, SCC-Ag and CEA in sera of tumour-bearing nude mice were detected at high levels in proportion to the relative tumour weight. The primary cultured tumour cells demonstrated the expression of SCC-Ag and CEA and the production of these antigens into culture medium. The serum levels of these tumour antigens were decreased concomitant with tumour regression by antitumour drug administration. Therefore, this tumour line and its cultured cells could provide a useful model for investigation of the relationship between tumour growth and expression of these tumour antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Adenoid-basal cell tumor of the prostate gland. A case report: histomorphologic and immunohistochemical features.

Lesions with basaloid features are very rare and controversial within the prostate gland. There seems to be a morphologic continuum ranging from focal basal cell hyperplasia (BCH) to florid adenoid basal cell tumor (ABCT). The clinicopathological features of a basaloid lesion which was associated with an acinar prostatic carcinoma of the prostate gland are described in a 74-year-old man, and discussed under the light of the literature.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2001

Atypical plexiform ameloblastoma with dentinoid: adenoid ameloblastoma with dentinoid.

In this study, we report a tumor that resembled previously reported uncommon tumors histologically similar to ameloblastoma or adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT), showing the formation of hard tissue. We evaluated the histological characteristics by reviewing the literature. The patient was a 19-year old male. The lesion was located from the canine to third molar in the right mandible and was unicystic with a comparatively clear demarcation. The tumor tissue was cystic overall, showing multiple formation of small and large cysts. The tumor tissue resembled a variant form of plexiform ameloblastoma. Formation of dentin and dentinoid was observed in the tumor stroma, whereas formation of enamel was not observed. Very few cases of a variant form of ameloblastoma that shows formation of dentinoid have been reported, and the histological picture in this study closely resembled previously reported "adenoid ameloblastoma with dentinoid".

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the skull base.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a slowly growing tumor with a particular tendency to infiltrate the surrounding tissue by perineural spread. The clinical diagnosis may prove difficult due to the submucons extension of the tumor, especially at the skull base. This article outlines the clinical characteristics, diagnostics, and treatment modalities in a series of 56 patients with an ACC in the head and neck diagnosed between 1970 and 1998 in 32 females and 24 males. The youngest patient was aged 24 years, the oldest 77 years. The average age was 54 years. In 16 patients the tumor originated in the paranasal sinuses or the nasopharynx and involved the skull base. As a rule, several months passed between the manifestation of the first symptoms such as pain, blocked nose, epistaxis, or diplopia and the initial clinical diagnosis. All patients received surgical treatment, however, complete microscopical resection could only be achieved in approximately one third of the cases. Therefore, nine patients were postoperatively treated with radiotherapy. The average survival rates of the patients with an ACC of the skull base were only 99 months as compared to 144 months in the patients without skull base involvement.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Anaesthetic management of a neonate with congenital cyst adenoid malformation.

We report the anaesthetic management of a male neonate with congenital cyst adenoid malformation (CCAM) of the lung who underwent thoracotomy for resection of CCAM 24 h after birth and again at 24 days. The initial operation involved a 10-day admission to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) requiring ventilation, and was complicated by a pneumothorax. This report concentrates on the anaesthetic management for the second thoracotomy. The combination of intra-operative remifentanil infusion and the use of ultrasound to confirm correct placement of epidural catheter allowed on-table tracheal extubation and a shorter stay in PICU. The use of one-lung ventilation (OLV) allowed for better surgical access and enabled complete resection of the lesion.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1997

The origin and molecular characterization of adenoid basal carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Five cases of adenoid basal carcinoma (ABC) of the uterine cervix were examined for the presence of p53 tumor suppressor gene, K-ras-2 oncogene, and human papillomavirus (HPV). A topographic genotyping approach was used to search for point mutations in K-ras-2 (exon 1 and 2) and p53 (exons 5 to 8) in archival formalin-fixed tissue blocks. Minute target sites were selected from polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified and directly sequenced tissue sections. Tissue sections were additionally subjected to immunohistochemical staining for p53 and WAF-1 protein. Because wild type p53 induces WAF-1 gene expression, immunohistochemical staining for WAF-1 protein using monoclonal antibodies may serve as an indirect means to test for p53 mutational damage. Mutational genotype was compared to histopathologic features and immunohistochemical staining. To study the role of HPV, L1 region consensus primers were used to amplify topographic samples, followed by HPV genotyping by direct sequencing and comparison to known viral strains. ABC was found to contain HPV in all cases, proven by genotyping to be HPV type 16 in each case. The virus showed no evidence of genomic variation from prototype HPV type 16 in the L1 segment examined. No K-ras-2 point mutations were identified. p53 immunopositivity was present in all tumors, being weak and focal in 4 and strong and diffuse in 1. WAF-1 immunostaining was positive in two tumors showing weak focal p53 immunopositivity. The single strong and diffuse p53 immunopositive tumor was negative for WAF-1 and was shown to contain a missense p53 point mutation (exon 7-codon 248 tryptophan). In conclusion, ABC is characterized by the presence of HPV type 16. K-ras-2 point mutation appears to play no role in the development of this tumor. p53 gene alterations are common including wild type hyperexpression (weak focal p53 immunopositivity, WAF-1 positivity, no mutational change) and p53 point mutational damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A case of pseudovascular adenoid squamous cell carcinoma of the skin with spindle cell pattern.

We report a case of pseudovascular adenoid squamous cell carcinoma which was in the form of a dome-shaped, cherry red tumor on the right cheek of an 86-year-old Japanese woman. Histologically, two types of atypical cells were identified; round cells in the upper part and spindle cells in the lower part. In the upper part, inter-anastomosing sinusoid-like pseudolumina were observed between the cords of the tumor cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells did not express Factor VIII-related and CD34 antigens or bind Ulex europaes I agglutinin, except for only one anti-cytokeratin antibody. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells contained tonofilaments and desmosomes and represented acantholysis. From the electron microscopy, possible role of capillary hyperpermeability on the acantholytic process of the neoplastic cells was suggested.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Epithelioma adenoides cysticum: genetic update.

Epithelioma adenoides cysticum (EAC) is a well-known genodermatosis which follows an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Questions still remain, however, concerning an apparent excess of females with EAC. An analysis of nineteen previously published pedigrees and one newly ascertained pedigree, which in the aggregate included over 175 cases of EAC, induced no excess of affected females, but rather, a marked deficit males. This deficiency was not the consequence of sex linkage or decreased viability, and was most evident in large pedigrees and sibships, sibships not including the probands, and late birth orders. In these situations, the penetrance of EAC in male gene carriers was only 50%, but was close to 100% in female gene carries. Under maximum detection conditions, i.e. small pedigrees, small sibships, sibships containing the proband, and early birth orders, the penetrance in males increased to 85% and was again close to 100% in females. These findings suggested that the deficit of affected males was best explained by a comination of lessened expressivity and penetrance, effects which were magnified under situations of poor detection. A review of familial cases of EAC indicated no consistent associated anomalies such as those that characterize the naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.

Adolescent↗