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PubMed1991

[Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the urinary bladder: a case report].

A case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the urinary bladder was presented. A 59-year-old man visited our hospital with a chief complaint of gross hematuria with clots. Intravenous urography revealed a filling defect on the left side of the bladder. CT scan demonstrated that the tumor invaded the bladder wall deeply. The histology of the biopsy specimens obtained by TUR was suspected to be transitional cell carcinoma. Bleeding from the bladder was so severe that a lot of units of blood transfusion were required in order to compensate for anemia before total cystectomy was performed. The tumor was hemispheric, moderately demarcated, measuring 5.5 cm x 4.0 cm x 5.5 cm, and located at the posterior wall. The histological diagnosis was malignant fibrous histiocytoma, inflammatory type, with venous invasion of tumor cells. Postoperatively, the patient received 5 courses of combination chemotherapy of adriamycin (100 mg/body, day 1) and dacarbazine (400 mg/body, day 1-5). He is alive with no evidence of local and metastatic disease 24 months after operation, in spite of the poor prognosis predicted from the histological findings. MFH of the urinary bladder is very rare. We also made a brief review of prior reports on this disease.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1983

Intravesical chemotherapy of urinary bladder tumor in rabbit by ferromagnetic mitomycin C.

Considering the necessity of selective toxicity in cancer chemotherapy, an advantageous means of controlling the anticancer agent in the urinary bladder was facilitated by microencapsulation of the drug and ferrite particles. Pharmacokinetic analysis of intravesical instillation chemotherapy in rabbits proved that magnetic control of ferromagnetic microencapsulated mitomycin C (MMC) remarkably enhanced MMC absorption into the urinary bladder wall. Moreover, malignant bladder tumors in rabbits were successfully treated with this method.

Absorption↗
PubMed1991

Tumor-promoting effect of urinary epidermal growth factor in rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis.

We previously demonstrated that the specific component of rat urine designated as Fraction I (Fr.I), which has been known to enhance carcinogenesis in the rat urinary bladder, contains epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transferrin (TF). The present study was designed to determine whether EGF or TF is responsible for the tumor-enhancing effect of Fr.I. The heterotopically transplanted rat urinary bladder (HTB), which has been developed in our laboratory, was used for the study. Fr.I was prepared from normal rat urine by a method published previously. Fr.I deficient in EGF or TF was prepared by passing this fraction through an Affi-Gel Hz column coupled with anti-rat EGF or TF antibodies, respectively. EGF and TF eluted from the column (designated as eluted EGF and eluted TF) were also tested for tumor-enhancing activity. Fr.I passed through the column coupled with nonimmune rabbit IgG served as control (Fr.I column control). After initiation of carcinogenesis in HTBs by instillation of a single dose of 0.25 mg of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, test materials were administered into these HTBs once a week for 30 weeks. The results showed that removal of EGF significantly reduced the tumor-enhancing effect of Fr.I (P less than 0.001 as compared to that of the Fr.I column control) and that eluted EGF by itself significantly enhanced the carcinogenesis as compared to that of the vehicle control (P less than 0.006). Removal of TF from Fr.I also reduced the tumor-enhancing effect of Fr.I (P less than 0.01). However, removal of both EGF and TF from Fr.I did not enhance the inhibitory effect demonstrated by the Fr.I which was deficient in EGF. Likewise, combined use of TF and EGF did not exceed the tumor-promoting effect of EGF. The results indicate that EGF in Fr.I may play a significant role in the promotion of bladder carcinogenesis by urine.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Membrane differentiation in the Golgi apparatus of mammalian urinary bladder epithelium.

The endomembrane system in superficial and intermediate epithelial cells of mammalian urinary bladder was studied by cytochemistry, thin-section and freeze-fracture electron microscopy to determine the sites where special forms of membrane differentiation first appear. Glutaraldehyde-resistant NADH-ferricyanide reductase, distinctive 11-12 nm intramembrane particles (IMP), and asymmetry of membrane leaflets served as markers of membrane maturation. The three markers were specifically associated with the maturing face of Golgi apparatus and were absent from the remainder of the endomembrane system. Activity of this enzyme was associated with the lateral regions of the maturing face, fusiform vesicles, and the plasmalemma. Asymmetric unit membrane (AUM) plaques were not observed in the Golgi apparatus per se but were present in immature fusiform vesicles that had not detached from the maturing face. When freeze-fracture replicas and thin sections were compared, randomly arranged 11-12 nm IMP first appeared in maturing face membranes that were adjacent to clusters of "free" polyribosomes in the Golgi apparatus region. The proximity of these polyribosomes suggests that they may be related to the coincident appearance of the 11-12 nm IMP in the maturing face membrane. Our observations support the hypothesis that membranes undergo differentiation during "flow" through compartments of the endomembrane system. The lateral regions of the maturing face of the Golgi apparatus appear to be a critical location for the morphogenesis of plasma membranes in urinary bladder.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma occurring in the urinary bladder.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is a recently described, distinct variant of squamous cell carcinoma that arises predominantly in the upper aerodigestive tract. Herein we report a case of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma arising in the urinary bladder. The patient was a 60-year-old woman who experienced intractable urinary tract infections following multiple corrective surgical procedures for incontinence. Biopsies of cystoscopically evident flat lesions were performed, and the patient subsequently underwent a radical cystectomy. Histologically, the lesions consisted of nests of basaloid cells with brisk mitotic activity, areas of squamous differentiation along with areas of squamous metaplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma in situ. These features are similar to those of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma described elsewhere in the body. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma in the urinary bladder.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nephrogenic adenoma of the urinary bladder. Histologic and cytologic observations in a case.

The histologic and cytologic features of multiple tissue and voided urine specimens from a man with nephrogenic adenoma of the urinary bladder are described. The urinary cytology showed papillary fragments, with cells showing palisade formation. The cells were round to oval, with a centrally placed nucleus with a fine chromatin pattern. These cells were identical to those seen in a low-grade papillary transitional-cell carcinoma. Tissue biopsy is needed to separate these two very different pathologic conditions.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

[A case of primary malignant lymphoma of the urinary bladder].

This paper presents an autopsy case of primary malignant lymphoma of the urinary bladder. The patient, a 63-year-old man, consulted us because of macroscopic hematuria. Cystoscopy revealed a bladder tumor, which was diagnosed as an anaplastic cell carcinoma by transurethral punch biopsy. The tumor progressively increased in size, despite treatment with preoperative antineoplastic chemotherapy consisting of CDDP. Only ureterocutaneostomy and biopsy were performed at the operation although total cystectomy and ileal conduit had been planned, because the tumor had invaded into the perivesicular tissue. Biopsy revealed B cell lymphoma, which was characterized by specific staining with IgG by the PAP method. Although antineoplastic chemotherapy was performed again after operation, the patient gradually weakened and died 5 months after admission. At autopsy, a hen-egg sized, non-papillary tumor which invading into the perivesicular tissue was found at the anterior wall of the urinary bladder. There were many metastatic nodules in the thraco-lumbar vertebral columns, para-aortic lymphnodes and mesenteric lymphnodes. Lungs and liver were free from metastatic tumors.

Cisplatin↗
PubMed2002

Urinary bladder perforation in a very low birth weight infant. A case report.

Perforation of the urinary bladder is a rare complication with a considerable degree of morbidity and mortality in modern neonatal intensive care units. We report a case of urinary bladder perforation, which probably was triggered by prolonged urinary retention secondary to morphine infusion, using credé maneuver on an already over-distended bladder, and inserting an umbilical catheter as urethral catheterization in an extremely low birth weight infant.

Catheterization↗
PubMed2001

Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of urinary bladder: an uncommon entity to be recognized.

INTRODUCTION: To describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment outcome of neuroendocrine carcinoma of urinary bladder. METHODS: Clinical and pathological findings of 11 patients with diagnosis of small cell neuroendocrine tumour (SCNE) of urinary bladder are reviewed between Jan. 1991 to Jan 2001. Clinical data including age, sex, presenting symptoms, clinical stage at presentation, modality of treatment and outcome were determined. Sections of the tumour were studied by immunohistochemical methods using various antibodies to determine neuroendocrine pattern. RESULTS: Patient age ranged from 35 to 79 years (mean 60 years). The clinical presentation included, gross hematuria 6, increased urinary frequency and dysuria 3, hydroureteronephrosis with flank pain 2. 3 patients had open exploration for presumed bladder stones by suprapubic route. Undifferentiated carcinoma was the initial report in 2 and associated transitional cell carcinoma in 2 cases. Urinary cytology obtained in 4 patients showed poorly differentiated carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed in all cases. 7 patients had radical cystoprostatectomy with adjuvant chemotherapy and 4 patients had combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The survival ranged from 6 months to 30 months (mean 16.5 months). CONCLUSION: Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of urinary bladder is an aggressive malignancy with poor long-term outcome. Awareness of clinical presentation with free application of immunocytochemistry is emphasized to diagnose this unusual malignancy at earliest.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Fluid collections ultrasonically simulating urinary bladder.

Large cystic masses or fluid collections may closely simulate the appearance of the urinary bladder on ultrasound examination. Because of this potential error in identification we retrospectively evaluated 100 cystic pelvic masses and fluid collections to determine how readily the urinary bladder was identified as distinct from the mass or fluid collection. Factors contributing to this confusion and techniques to avoid this potential pitfall are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effects of tachykinins on inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in slices of hamster urinary bladder.

Tachykinin-stimulated inositol phospholipid hydrolysis was examined in slices of hamster urinary bladder. In the presence of lithium, to inhibit inositol monophosphatase activity, substance P, eledoisin and related tachykinins induced large, dose-dependent increases in [3H]-inositol monophosphate accumulation. The responses to substance P and eledoisin were not antagonized by the cholinoceptor antagonist, atropine. The rank order of potency for various tachykinins was kassinin greater than neurokinin A greater than neurokinin B greater than eledoisin greater than physaelamin greater than substance P greater than substance P methyl ester. The synthetic analogue [p-Glu6, D-Pro9]SP (6-11) was considerably more potent than its L-prolyl stereoisomer at stimulating inositol phospholipid hydrolysis. These results suggest that in the hamster urinary bladder, tachykinin-induced inositol phospholipid breakdown is mediated via tachykinin receptors of the SP-E type, as opposed to the SP-P type.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Characterization of the muscarinic receptor subtypes in the rat urinary bladder.

We investigated the nature of the muscarinic receptors present in the rat urinary bladder by performing binding studies with various selective (pirenzepine, AF-DX 116, hexahydrosiladifenidol, benzhexol, 4-diphenyl-acetoxy-N-methyl piperidine methiodide, dicyclomine, secoverine) and classical (N-methylscopolamine, atropine) antagonists. Competition experiments were carried out against [3H]N-methyl scopolamine at 30 degrees C in Na+/Mg2+ HEPES buffer; non-specific binding was determined in the presence of 1 microM 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate. Of all the antagonists examined, only AF-DX 116 exhibited a heterogeneous binding profile (nH less than 1). Computer-assisted analysis showed that the data fitted best to a two-binding site model, revealing the existence of high and low affinity receptors. The affinity values of AF-DX 116, determined in binding experiments carried out in heart and gland homogenates, allowed us to classify the rat urinary bladder receptors into cardiac and glandular subtypes. We suggest that the glandular receptor subtype is involved in smooth muscle contraction, since AF-DX 116 was equally potent in inhibiting smooth muscle contraction and the secretion of saliva.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Effects of anoxia on force, intracellular calcium and lactate production of urinary bladder smooth muscle from control and diabetic rats.

PURPOSE: To examine the effects of inhibiting oxidative metabolism on lactate production (J(Lac)), force and [Ca2+]i in longitudinal smooth muscle from urinary bladders of control and diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Strips of longitudinal smooth muscle were isolated from urinary bladders of diabetic rats and their age-matched controls. Force and [Ca2+]i were measured simultaneously in muscle strips loaded with the calcium indicator, fura-2. Separate muscle strips were used to determine J(Lac) by standard enzymatic assay. The muscles were stimulated to contract with 65 mM K+ or 1 microM carbachol (CCh) in the presence of 2.5 mM Ca2+ and either 5, 10 or 25 mM glucose. Oxidative metabolism was inhibited either by replacing O2 in solution with N2, or by addition of 2 mM NaCN. RESULTS: J(Lac) was significantly less in diabetic muscles than control muscles under both normoxic and anoxic conditions. During stimulation under anoxic conditions, the diabetic muscles were less able to maintain force than the controls. Despite a marked decline in force in both diabetic and control muscles under anoxic conditions, [Ca2+]i remained elevated to levels that were in fact higher than those observed during stimulation under normoxic conditions. Increasing the glucose concentration had no significant effect during normoxia, however, under anoxic conditions, the higher concentration improved force maintenance in both control and diabetic muscles. There were no apparent effects of the glucose concentration on [Ca2+]i in either diabetic or control muscles. CONCLUSION: The results reveal that urinary bladder smooth muscle from diabetic rats has a reduced ability to maintain contraction under anoxic conditions. This most likely reflects a greater energy limitation as evidenced by the reduced J(Lac) in diabetic muscles. In both diabetic and control muscles there was a marked dissociation between force and [Ca2+]i when oxidative metabolism was inhibited. This may indicate preferential use of glycolytically produced ATP for maintenance of [Ca2+]i homeostasis under these conditions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fluorescence in situ hybridization in diagnosis of urinary bladder cancer].

The paper presents preliminary results of a study of the diagnosis of urinary bladder cancer by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Specific chromosomal aberrations are shown to be detectable in both proper tumor tissue and urine from patients with urinary bladder cancer; and the pattern of these changes coincides. FISH may identify cells with genetic disorders in urine long before the clinical symptoms of a recurrence occur.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1986

Prevention of inhibitory effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine on rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis by exogenous putrescine.

We previously demonstrated that repeated instillation of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), inhibits (or retards) urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats. Since ODC catalyzes the first step in polyamine synthesis, the inhibition of polyamine formation may be responsible for tumor inhibition by DFMO. The present experiment was conducted using male Fischer rats with a heterotopically transplanted urinary bladder (HTB) to determine whether the effects of DFMO are prevented by exogeneous Pu. HTBs were treated with 0.25 mg of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) once a week for 3 weeks and the animals were then arbitrarily divided into 6 groups. Beginning one week following the last MNU treatment, all rats received twice a week instillation (0.5 ml each) as follows: Group 1 rats, normal rat urine; Group 2, 2% DFMO in urine; Group 3, 250 microM Pu and 2% DFMO in urine; Group 4, 250 microM Pu in urine; Group 5, urine for 10 weeks followed by 2% DFMO in urine; and Group 6, urine for 10 weeks followed by 250 microM Pu and 2% DFMO in urine. At 10 weeks following the last MNU instillation 5 rats from each of Groups 1 through 4 were killed for determination of urothelial polyamine levels. An additional 4 rats of Group 1 were killed at 10 weeks for histological examination. All remaining rats were killed 20 weeks after the last MNU instillation. Polyamine levels showed no significant difference among the 4 groups. The incidence of carcinoma was significantly lower in the group treated with DFMO (p less than 0.001, Group 1 vs Group 2), confirming our previous observation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Pigmented composite paraganglioma-ganglioneuroma of the urinary bladder.

We report a case of a pigmented composite paraganglioma-ganglioneuroma of the urinary bladder in a 70-year-old female. Grossly, the tumor measured 6.5 cm in diameter and had arisen from the base of the urinary bladder. Histologically, the tumor was composed of approximately equal components of paraganglioma and ganglioneuroma, which were partly separated and partly mixed, and intermingled with each other. There were foci of ample dark brown pigmentation in the cytoplasm of chromaffin paraganglioma cells. The pigment was Masson-Fontana-positive and had been bleached by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Electron microscopy showed large, abundant, pleomorphic electron-dense granules consistent with neuromelanin. In addition, there were numerous electron-dense neurosecretory-type granules. Neuromelanin, melanin or lipofuscin are occasionally observed in paragangliomas, although the occurrence of these pigments has never been described in a composite tumor originating from either adrenal medulla or extraadrenal paraganglia. To the best of our knowledge, our report represents the first case of pigmented composite paraganglioma-ganglioneuroma and expands the morphological spectrum of these unusual tumors.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Changes in contractile responses of the urinary bladder to substance P in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

1. Functional changes in the urinary bladder obtained from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were investigated by determining the responsiveness of bladder strips to capsaicin or substance P (SP). 2. Contractile responses of detrusor strips of the urinary bladder in response to capsaicin were almost abolished in both diabetic rats and capsaicin-pretreated rats. 3. Maximal contractions of diabetic detrusor strips induced by SP were significantly increased when compared to age-matched controls. 4. In contrast to the contractile responses to SP, the density of SP receptors was significantly decreased in diabetic rats. 5. The increased contractile responses to SP were markedly decreased by treatment with indomethacin, OKY-046 or quinacrine, but not with nordihydroguaiaretic acid. 6. Contractile responses of detrusor strips to prostaglandin F2 alpha and E2 were unchanged in the diabetic state. 7. These results suggest that the increased contractile responses of detrusor strips of the bladder to SP in the diabetic state are due to increased synthesis of prostaglandins and/or thromboxane A2 via the increased activity of phospholipase A2 on the smooth muscle of the diabetic bladder.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Tissue concentration of (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin in renal cell carcinoma and urinary bladder tumor (second report)].

Twenty milligrams of (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) was administered intravenously to 14 patients with renal cell carcinoma and 11 with urinary bladder tumor at the start of surgery. Heparinized peripheral blood samples were collected at regular intervals and separated into plasma and blood cell fractions by centrifugation for the estimation of the THP concentration. The THP concentrations in the surgical specimens were also studied. In the tissue of renal cell carcinoma, the nuclear fraction was obtained by fractionation in order to estimate the THP concentration. The THP concentrations of the plasma and blood cell fractions in both renal cell carcinoma and urinary bladder tumor gradually decreased with the lapse of time after administration. In renal cell carcinoma, grade 3 tumors revealed lower tissue and nuclear concentrations of THP than those of grade 1 and 2 tumors. Likewise, the tissue and nuclear concentrations of high-stage tumors were lower than those of low-stage tumors. On the other hand, in urinary bladder tumors, the THP concentrations in the tumors were found to be higher than those in normal urinary mucosa and muscle.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗