Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “integration”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,387 records · Page 77Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[recA gene dependence of chromosome replication of Escherichia coli initiated by mini-F plasmids integrated at predetermined sites].

mini-F plasmids carrying particular chromosomal fragments were constructed. Through homologous recombination they were expected to integrate onto predetermined sites of the chromosome of dnaA46 strain LC381. Chromosome replication of suppressive integration (Sin) strains were recA dependent or independent according to the site of integration of the plasmid: chromosome replication of those with the plasmid integrated close to oriC were found to be recA dependent at 40 degrees C; those with the plasmid integrated between oriC and terC were recA dependent on rich medium but independent on minimal medium; those with the plasmid integrated close to terC were recA dependent even on minimal medium.

Chromosomes↗
PubMed1990

HIV DNA integration: observations and interferences.

DNA integration appears to be an obligatory step for the efficient replication of retroviruses. Studies of the integration reaction for the avian and murine C-type retroviruses have defined the importance of: i) LTR terminal sequences, which are joined to host DNA, and ii) the activity of the retroviral integration protein (IN). The specific requirements for the integration of HIV DNA have not yet been defined. In this review, we survey studies pertinent to this reaction for HIV and extrapolate a mechanism for HIV DNA integration based upon knowledge of the integrative recombination reaction of the C-type retroviruses.

Alpharetrovirus↗
PubMed1989

Integration of distributed cortical systems by reentry: a computer simulation of interactive functionally segregated visual areas.

A computer model based on visual cortex has been constructed to analyze how the operations of multiple, functionally segregated cortical areas can be coordinated and integrated to yield a unified perceptual response. We propose that cortical integration arises through the process of reentry--the ongoing, parallel, recursive signaling between separate maps along ordered anatomical connections. To test the efficacy of this reentrant cortical integration (RCI) model, we have carried out detailed computer simulations of 3 interconnected cortical areas in the striate and extrastriate cortex of the macaque. The simulated networks contained a total of over 222,000 units and 8.5 million connections. The 3 modeled areas, called VOR, VOC, and VMO, incorporate major anatomical and physiological properties of cortical areas V1, V3, and V5 but are vastly simplified compared with monkey visual cortex. Simulated area VOR contains both orientation and directionally selective units; simulated area VMO discriminates the direction of motion of arbitrarily oriented objects; and simulated area VOC responds to both luminance and occlusion boundaries in the stimulus. Area VOC is able to respond to illusory contours (Kanizsa, 1979) by means of the same neural architecture used for the discrimination of occlusion boundaries. This architecture also generates responses to structure-from-motion by virtue of reentrant connections from VMO to VOC. The responses of the simulated networks to these illusions are consistent with the perceptual responses of humans and other species presented with these stimuli. The networks also respond in a consistent manner to a novel illusion that combines illusory contours and structure-from-motion. The response synthesized to this combined illusion provides a strong argument supporting the need for a recursive reentrant process in the cortex. Functional integration of the simulated areas in the RCI model were found to depend upon the combined action of 3 reentrant processes: (1) conflicting responses among segregated areas are competitively eliminated, (2) outputs of each area are used by other areas in their own operations, and (3) outputs of an area are "reentered" back to itself (through lower areas) and can thus be used iteratively to synthesize responses to complex or illusory stimuli. Transection of the reentrant connections selectively abolished these integrative processes and led to failure of figural synthesis. The proposed model of reentry suggests a basis for understanding how multiple visual areas as well as other cortical areas may be integrated within a distributed system.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Avian nephroblastomas induced by a retrovirus (MAV-2) lacking oncogene. II. Search for common sites of proviral integration in tumour DNA.

To demonstrate the existence of a common site of integration in independent tumour clones, restriction mapping of the vicinity of integrated MAV-2 proviruses in nephroblastoma DNA was performed, using Southern hybridization with an MAV-2 specific probe U3(pAT). The results have shown that (1) nephroblastomas are of semiclonal origin. (2) Nephroblastoma cells contain an average of 5 clonally located integrated proviruses per diploid genome; they do not contain any detectable amount of non-integrated proviruses. (3) In the DNA from independent nephroblastoma clones, there appear at an increased frequency Tth111I fragments of 14.6 and 17.8 kb that hybridize with the U3(pAT) probe. Considering a random selection of integration sites, such coincidence is of little probability. Thus we suppose that these fragments represent a common site(s) of integration with an MAV-2 proviral insert. Two hypotheses concerning possible mechanisms of nephroblastoma induction are discussed: proto-oncogene insertional activation and anti-oncogene insertional inactivation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Rearrangement of both alleles of human chromosome 8 in HeLa cells, one of them as a result of papillomavirus DNA integration.

Integration of papillomavirus in the genome of the host cell has been found associated with malignant cases of cervical carcinoma. To determine what role viral integration plays as part of the pathogenic mechanism resulting in a cancer cell, the structure of integrated papillomavirus DNA (human papillomavirus DNA 18) segments and its cellular flanking sequences in HeLa cells as well as the corresponding normal human allele have been characterized. All integrated viral DNA segments have the same human DNA sequences in their 5' flank. The use of human sequence flanking the viral DNA as a probe detected the presence of four different forms of this human DNA region based on restriction fragment length polymorphism. Three of these forms can be linked to integrated viral DNA from human papillomavirus 18. The remaining form could not be linked to viral DNA and did not have a germline pattern in its 5'-end suggesting that it was also structurally altered. None of the forms of the human sequence present in HeLa cells has the complete structure of the germline normal allele characterized in DNA from placenta and human fibroblasts IMR-90. This observation suggests that HeLa cells carry a structural alteration in both alleles of the same locus, one of which was caused by integration of papillomavirus DNA. This locus is located on a chromosome fragile site. These rearrangements will result in a homozygous situation which is interpreted as affecting a recessive phenotype which might be involved in some aspect of tumorigenesis.

Alleles↗
PubMed1985

[Integration of the related prophages lambda, phi 80 and their hybrid lambda att80 into the secondary chromosomal att sites of wild-type Escherichia coli].

The family of lambdoid phages displays a varying specificity of integration into the host chromosome. The lambda phage DNA failed to get inserted at the secondary attachment site(s) of the gal operon (frequency less than 2.6 X 10(-8)) in the presence of the primary (normal) one. By contrast, phi 80 and the lambda att80 hybrid integrated into wild-type Escherichia coli at least, at two secondary att sites of the btuB locus, the latter phage being also capable of integration in the vicinity of purE and purC (frequency 2 X 10(-3) to 10(-4)). Integration of phi 80 and lambda att80 into btuB occurred with about the same frequency as in cells deleted for normal insertion site (0.7 divided by 4.0 X 10(-6)). An analysis of the secondary lysogens with the prophage in btuB showed them to be polylysogens; the additional prophage(s) was found in the primary att site. We also failed to observe integration of phi 80 and lambda att80 with formation of secondary monolysogens into other foci (frequency less than 0.0035, if multiplicity of infection was 10(-3) or 10). It is presumed that phi 80 and lambda att80 prophages get only integrated at secondary att sites in case the primary site is occupied.

Attachment Sites, Microbiological↗
PubMed1985

[Mechanism of non-tandem integration of prophage phi 80 into the chromosome of the wild-type Escherichia coli].

We studied the ability of lambda, phi 80 and their hybrid lambda att80 to lysogenize homoimmune monolysogens and examined the prophage locations on the chromosome of the resulting polylysogens. We observed an effective integration of phi 80 and lambda att80, in contrast to lambda, into the host chromosome, exclusively, at the attachment sites that were not occupied by the resident prophage (nontandem). Besides, the lambda att80 (int+) prophage was observed to ensure effective nontandem integration of a homoimmune int mutant DNA. Hence, we inferred that the expression of the int gene in the phi 80 prophage is constitutive, cI-independent and results in nontandem integration of the homoimmune prophage. The validity of this inference has been supported experimentally: (i) the only lysogen that was found to contain a phi 80 tandem was highly unstable (spontaneous segregation of monolysogens occurred 6-7 times more frequently than with the lambda tandem); (ii) an int inactivating mutation stabilized the phi 80 tandem; as a result, the int mutant has the frequency of tandem integration as high as that of lambda, while no nontandem integration was observed. A hypothesis is proposed which accounts for the instability of the phi 80 tandems and explains the relation between this phenomenon and the prophage ability to integrate into secondary attachment sites in the presence of the primary (normal) one.

Attachment Sites, Microbiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Southern California Sensory Integration Tests (Ayres) and the Bender Gestalt: a correlative study.

The Southern California Sensory Integration Tests (SCSIT) and the Bender Gestalt are two measures used to evaluate children with suspected perceptual-motor deficits. Since these tests are used primarily by two groups of professionals, occupational therapists and psychologists, it was thought that studying the correlations between these two tests might help psychologists to know which children needed to be referred to an occupational therapist for sensory integrative evaluation, and might help the occupational therapist to understand the psychologist's use of the Bender Gestalt. The use of the Bender by the occupational therapist as a screening device for sensory integrative dysfunction was also investigated. The SCSIT and Bender were given to 26 children with suspected sensory integrative dysfunction. Scores on the Bender were found to be predictive of grouped scores on the Form and Space Perception and Praxis-Tactile sections of the SCSIT, but not of the Postural and Bilateral Integration section. It was concluded that when the Bender is used as a screening device for sensory integrative dysfunction, some measure of postural mechanisms must be included. Correlations between the Bender and individual tests of the SCSIT were also studied.

Bender-Gestalt Test↗
PubMed1986

[Quantitative integrated backscatter characteristics in the normal and infarcted canine myocardium].

To develop ultrasonic cardiac tissue characterization, serial changes in intensity of backscattered ultrasound from the normal and infarcted myocardium were studied in vitro, with frequency-domain analysis. As an index of backscattered signal intensity, quantitative integrated backscatter [(10 X log-S2/S1)] (dB), S1 and S2 = areas of power spectra of digitized (sample rate = 100 MHz, 8 bits) ultrasonic signals from a perfect reflector and good specimens) were calculated for 60 regions of the myocardium (N = 20, MI = 40) excised from 10 dogs 3 days, 1, 2, and 4 weeks after coronary artery ligation in 2, 3, 3, and 2 dogs, respectively. The myocardial specimens and a stainless steel reflector were mounted at the focal distance of a newly-developed wide-band transducer having a center frequency of 4.0 MHz, in a water bath filled with degassed physiological saline. Tissue concentrations of hydroxyproline (HP) were also established using a HPLC (Hitachi amino acid analyzer model 835). The results obtained were as follows: 1. No significant changes in the integrated backscatter of the normal myocardium were observed throughout the experimental period (3 days = -52.5 +/- 0.7, one week = -53.6 +/- 1.8, two weeks = -51.6 +/- 0.8, four weeks = -52.8 +/- 1.4 (dB) (mean +/- SE). 2. Integrated backscatter of the infarcted myocardium [3 days = -47.3 +/- 0.6, one week = -49.2 +/- 1.3, two weeks = -40.7 +/- 1.3, four weeks = -39.6 +/- 2.0 (dB)] was significantly increased compared with the integrated backscatter of the normal myocardium in the early stage of myocardial infarction, before tissue concentrations of hydroxyproline increased, as well as in the chronic stage of myocardial infarction. 3. Results of histological examinations suggest that minute changes in structure, such as interstitial edema or neovascular proliferations, may be the cause of an early increase in integrated backscatter. The results suggest that quantitative integrated backscatter is a sensitive parameter for detecting both early and old myocardial infarction by cardiac tissue characterization.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Sensory integrative function in a child guidance clinic population.

Recent researchers in the area of mental health have recognized the influence of biological defects on psychosocial development and on the child's ability to acquire social and academic skills. This study was designed to determine whether or not senxory integrative disorders occurred in a child guidance population, to explore the nature of sensory integrative disorders found in such a group, and to ascertain any relationships between certain types of sensory integrative disorders and specific behavioral traits. The subjects were 87 children between 5 and 9 years of age, the total number referred to a child guidance clinic in southern California because of problems in behavior. All subjects (Ss) were administered the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests and were observed for neuromuscular deviations. The date were subjected to factor analyses. Results showed a high incidence of sensory integrative dysfunction in this population. There was considerable evidence of a syndrome known as postural and bilateral integration dysfunction as well as a strong tendency in this group to show various kinds of behavior problems.

Child↗
PubMed1978

The integrated concentration of plasma renin activity and aldosterone in essential hypertension.

Measurement of the integrated concentration is most suited for the study of blood components that fluctuate rapidly. The integrated concentration of plasma aldosterone (IC-ALDO) and plasma renin activity (IC-PRA) were measured in 24 patients with essential hypertension and in 10 normal adult subjects, using a non-thrombogenic 24-hour constant blood withdrawal system. The integrated concentration of plasma aldosterone in the control subjects was 7.7 +/- 1.8 ng/100 ml (mean +/- 1 SD). Eight hypertensive patients had IC-ALDOs that were more than 3 standard deviations above the mean. Although the mean IC-PRA of the hypertensive patients was lower than the mean of controls (0.6 +/- 0.6 and 0.9 +/- 0.6, respectively), the difference was not significant. However, high integrated concentration of plasma aldosterone was mostly associated with low integrated concentration of plasma renin activity. Consequently, the ratio of IC-ALDO to IC-PRA in the hypertensive patients was significantly higher (p less than 0.001). In six hypertensive patients the ratio was more than 4 standard deviations above the mean for the normal control subjects (12.2 +/- 7.6). Individuals with inappropriately high integrated concentrations of plasma aldosterone can therefore be identified by the simultaneous determination of IC-ALDO and IC-PRA.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Life-span differences in semantic integration of pictures and sentences in memory.

This study examined life-span developmental differences in spontaneous integration of semantically relevant material presented in pictures and sentences. 45 third graders, 45 sixth graders, 45 high school students, and 30 adults over 60 were presented a sequence of 24 pictures and sentences, followed by 24 intervening items. Each intervening item corresponded to, but was in the opposite modality from, one of the original items and was either semantically relevant or irrelevant to the corresponding original. In a "same-different" recognition test, data suggested that the sixth-grade and high school subjects semantically integrated original items with relevant intervening items that were in the opposite modality and made subsequent recognition responses on the basis of the integrated memory. Third graders and older adults, however, showed no evidence of spontaneous, cross-modality semantic integration. Further, increasing the temporal delay between presenting the to-be-integrated items, from 5 min to 1 day, decreased overall response sensitivity but did not alter the patterns of integration results. The findings are discussed in terms of age differences in the spontaneous use of strategies for effective memory processing, with the extreme age groups processing more formal characteristics of the stimuli in memory, and the middle 2 groups processing deeper, more semantic information.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Actinomycete plasmid and integrative vectors based on DNA of the temperate Phi C31 actinophage, determining limitation of lytic development of phage Phi C31, not dependent on repressor].

Bireplicon plasmids were constructed. The plasmids consist of DNAs of the streptomycete plasmid pIJ702, the Escherichia coli plasmid pUC19 and the phi C31 actinophage genome fragment encoding the function of the site-specific integration into the chromosome. Part of the plasmids transformed Streptomyces lividans TK64 to thiostreptone resistance. The DNA transforming activity depended on the mutual orientations of the blocks used for the construction and probably depended on the structural stability of the plasmids in S. lividans. The integrative vectors consisting of the pUC19 plasmid DNA and the phage genome fragment with the integrative function efficiently transformed S. lividans. No phage plagues were detected with the standard procedure of integrants' infection by phi C31 phage, despite the absence of the phi C31 phage repressor gene in the integrated DNA. The phi C31 phage mutants including clear and virulent ones were not capable of lytic growth on the integrants. The region determining the limitation of the phi C31 phage lytic development was localized by the deletion analysis of the bireplicon plasmids. As a result actinomycete monoreplicon plasmids were formed. The region is the 1.3 kb phage fragment whose right end maps at 0.2 kb preceding the right end of the phi C31 phage genome linear map.

Bacteriolysis↗
PubMed1994

[Eclectic, synthetic and integrative psychotherapy].

Eclectic psychotherapy selects convenient techniques from various approaches. Synthetic psychotherapy combines various approaches both technically and theoretically. Integrative psychotherapy aims at putting diverse theoretical systems together under a system, which would be superordinated or metatheoretical. Following partial integrative hypotheses are stressed: 1. common factors are responsible for the effect of all important pure-form therapies, 2. different factors in diverse therapies have the same final effect, 3. different factors influence specifically certain symptoms, certain problems and certain patients. Following contemporary eclectic-integrative systems are seen as most influential: Lazarus's multimodal therapy. Beutler's systematic eclectic psychotherapy, Hart's functional eclectic therapy, Prochaska's transtheoretical approach, Garfield's eclectic approach, Driscoll's pragmatic therapy and Knobloch's integrated psychotherapy. Satisfactory integration still remains a goal to be achieved. Differentiation is viewed as an important part of the integration. It should offer to each patient specifically what he needs according to his symptoms, problems and personality.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An effective skin integrity program.

Nursing staff development personnel are responsible for increasing the awareness of nursing staff of the problems caused by pressure ulcers and for supplying them with information needed for prevention and treatment. In answer to one hospital's needs, a hospital-wide, nurse-initiated, nurse-managed skin integrity program was developed and instituted. Protocols for treatment were standardized according to the latest concepts in wound healing. Basic components of the program were included in a comprehensive but succinct reference manual available on each nursing unit. Strategies for implementation were carefully planned to include feedback, approval, and support of selected physicians and nurses. Key for an effective, ongoing skin integrity program are the skin integrity clinicians and educated, confident, and enthusiastic staff nurses. Throughout the process of introducing this program, education of various groups of health-care professionals--physicians, staff nurses, skin integrity clinicians--by the Nursing Staff Development Department was pivotal in achieving a relatively smooth implementation of the program. Outcomes have demonstrated the success of this skin integrity program to both patients and staff. Creative planning, diligent research, skillful organization, and credibility of the specialists in the Nursing Staff Development Department were important elements in the development, implementation, and success of this skin integrity program.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Integration of human papillomavirus sequences in cervical tumor cell lines.

The establishment of three cell lines from keratinizing and nonkeratinizing cervical carcinomas was previously reported. These cell lines were analyzed for growth properties in vitro and in vivo. Metaphases prepared from tissue culture of these cell lines were cytogenetically characterized using GTG-banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using chromosome-specific alpha-satellite probes. Although the karyotypes of most cells were extremely complex, nonrandom karyotypic abnormalities could be identified. Molecular data had suggested that TC140, derived from a keratinizing cervical tumor, may contain HPV 16 in the episomal state, while TC146, derived from a nonkeratinizing large-cell cervical carcinoma, contained HPV 16 in the integrated state. Therefore, a fluorescent in situ hybridization study was undertaken using biotinylated HPV 16 DNA as a probe on order to confirm and to corroborate the original molecular study, as FISH is the most direct approach for mapping cellular and viral sequences in mammalian chromosomes. The results previously reported in abstract demonstrated the presence of positive hybridization signals on the long arms of the apparent homologs of a human D-group chromosome in cell line TC146. The results of recently completed experiments clearly indicated that while the predominant state of viral existence in the TC140 cell line was apparently episomal, consistent viral integration was found in the TC146 cell line. Furthermore, where viral sequences of HPV 16 integration were observed in cells of TC146, integration was apparently nonrandom. Fluorescent in situ hybridization using various chromosome-specific alpha-satellite and HPV 16 probes clearly indicated that viral integration occurred nonrandomly and at a specific site on chromosome 13. By chromosome morphometry, the viral integration site was localized to 13q14, also the mapped locus of the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor gene.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed1996

Respect for the patient's integrity and self-determination--an ethical imperative called upon in the Swedish Health and Medical Care Act.

The Swedish Health and Medical Care Act of 1983, states that health and medical care should be based on respect for the patient's self determination and integrity. The aim of this statement according to the legislative preparatory work, was to ensure that individuals seeking help from the health care system retained their dignity and integrity. The law also states that care, when possible, is to be planned and implemented in consultation with the patient. The statement in the Act, can be seen as an ethical principle that expresses an ideal. Since the concepts of integrity were found to be used vaguely and ambiguously, clarification was required in order to facilitate a discussion about how respect for the patient's integrity ought to be realized. A research study was performed where the aim was to find a fruitful definition of integrity and to suggest criteria that delineate the characteristics of a good health-care professional, who is willing and able to respect the patient's integrity.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1995

Managing information in the academic medical center: building an integrated information environment.

The strategic importance of integrated information systems and resources for academic medical centers should not be underestimated. Ten years ago, the National Library of Medicine in collaboration with the Association of Academic Medical Centers initiated the Integrated Advanced Information Management System (IAIMS) program to assist academic medical centers in defining a process for addressing deficiencies in their information environments. The authors give a brief history of the IAIMS program, and they describe both the characteristics of an integrated information environment and the technical and organizational structures necessary to create such an environment. Strategies some institutions have used to implement integrated information systems are also outlined. Finally, the authors discuss the role of librarians in integrated information system design.

Academic Medical Centers↗