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Results for “Vision Screening”

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At least 1,387 records · Page 77Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

A new screening method for detecting colour vision deficiencies.

Diagnostic colour vision examinations are generally administered with the anomaloscope. But this instrument requires a lot of time and experience for the tests as well as for the interpretation of the results. In practical use, it will be sufficient in most cases to know whether normal colour vision is present or not, and it is not necessary to use sophisticated devices. So it was considered desirable during the TCU conference on colour vision defects held in London in March 1973 [1] to have a testing method for practical use which is both accurate and time saving. At the time when this demand was brought up, a new colour vision test was being developed by Rodenstock [2]. It enables semi-skilled personnel to perform the test independently of ambient light condition in only 20-30 sec and to effect a classification of the type of colour vision at the same time [3].

Color Perception Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The detection of congenital glaucoma by photoscreen interpretation.

Photoscreening is designed to detect abnormalities in children's eye, particularly abnormal refractive errors, which can lead to amblyopia. An Alaska Bind Child Discovery MTI Polaroid photoscreen in one girl resulted in diagnosis and treatment of congenital glaucoma. Patients with known pediatric eye disease underwent photoscreening. Subtle non-refractive changes in photoscreen images may reveal eye disease even more serious than amblyopia. We suggest that human or computer interpretation of photoscreening images, particularly when retained, be done conscientiously with respect to the refractive state and alignment of the eyes, but also regarding other potentially serious ocular pathology.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1996

Vision readiness in the United States Air Force revisited.

A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of substandard visual acuity in a sample of the diverse communities of the United States Air Force. In addition, mobility readiness (visual), ocular disease, time since last visual examination, and adherence to ocular requirements per AFR 160-43 were assessed. Comprehensive eye examinations were performed in the Optometry Clinic on 207 randomly chosen members scheduled by Squadron Schedulers using random computer lists of personnel generated by Military Personnel Flight. Of the 207 individuals, 112 (54%) had not had a professional eye examination in the last 2 years, 51 (24%) were not mobility ready, 6 (3%) had inadequate visual acuity per AFR 160-43, and 4 (1.9%) had ocular disease. The study reinforces the concept that comprehensive, periodic ocular examinations should be performed by an optometrist or ophthalmologist on all active duty members to ensure that they see properly to perform assigned duties, that members on mobility have required optical materials to be deployment ready, and that members who develop ocular disease are identified in a timely manner.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Direct mail intervention to increase retinal examination rates in Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes.

The objective of this study was to identify the baseline frequency of eye examinations for Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes in Montana and to determine whether a direct mail reminder increased eye examinations. Using Medicare Part A and Medicare Part B claims data, a cohort of Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes was defined. Eye examination claims were identified using billing codes specific for retinal examinations, as well as visits to ophthalmologists and optometrists during which retinal exams were likely to have been performed. A random sample of the identified beneficiaries with diabetes received a letter encouraging regular annual retinal examinations. In the first 3-month period after the mailing, the billed eye examination rate for those to whom letters were sent was 2.2 percentage points greater than the rate for those to whom letters were not sent (19.4% vs 17.2%; relative risk, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.26). However, 6 months after the letters were sent, there was no longer a significant difference in the rates for these 2 groups (32.9% vs 32.4%; relative risk, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.94-1.10). In this study, direct mail outreach initially influenced the proportion of Medicare beneficiaries receiving an eye examination, but this pattern was not sustained over the 6-month follow-up period.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Vision readiness of the reserve forces of the U.S. Army.

In 1996 and 1997, the Army conducted an exercise to assess the ability to rapidly mobilize the reserve forces. In accordance with Army requirements, each soldier was evaluated to determine if he or she met vision and optical readiness standards. Of the 1,947 individuals processed through the optometry section, 40% met vision requirements without correction and 32% met vision requirements with their current spectacles. The remaining 28% required examination. A major impediment to processing reserve units for deployment is the lack of vision and optical readiness. In the mobilization for the Persian Gulf War, significant delays were incurred because of the time required to perform eye examinations and fabricate eyewear. However, as a result of this exercise, current prescriptions will be available in the event of mobilization. To ensure readiness, all units should perform such exercises periodically.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maintaining instrument quality while reducing items: application of Rasch analysis to a self-report of visual function.

While efficiency has been of concern in the measurement of health care outcomes, little attention has been devoted to methods that achieve efficient, shortened instruments that have good psychometric properties. The purpose of this study was to show how Rasch analysis could be used to reduce the number of items in an instrument while maintaining credible psychometric properties. This approach was applied to the Visual Function-14 (VF-14), a self-report of 14 vision-dependent activities, designed to measure the need for and outcomes of cataract surgery. An instrument which contained the VF-14 plus an additional 10 items that were developed for the study (VF-24) was administered to sixty-one patients (73.7+/-9.5 years) about to undergo extracapsular cataract removal at one of two surgical centers. Rasch analysis (BIGSTEPS) of the VF-14 showed a number of limitations to the original instrument, including: 1) unequal use of the five rating categories, 2) ceiling effect, 3) several other gaps where patient abilities did not match with item difficulties, and 4) sets of items that appeared redundant, (i.e., having the same calibration level). To resolve the first three of these problems, the rating scale was converted to a three-point scale and BIGSTEPS was run with all 24 items. (10 additional items added to the VF-14 designed to "fill in" the gaps). The conversion to a three-point scale and the increase in items resulted in some improvement in the matching of item difficulty to patient ability, as evidenced by a slight decrease in gaps. The addition of items resulted in improvements in person separation (2.55 to 2.99) and Cronbach's alpha (.83 to .91) but did not substantially reduce the ceiling effect and furthermore resulted in an increase in item redundancy. The final practical improvement undertaken was to reduce the number of items while attempting to maintain the psychometric qualities of the instrument as a whole. Three criteria were used in deciding to remove items: 1) high mean square, 2) low mean square and 3) items having similar calibrations. In addition, if an analysis showed that the removal of an item substantially decrease person separation, that item was retained for further analyses. Relative to the original VF-14, the resulting VF-10 showed less redundancy of items while person separation (2.20) and Cronbach's alpha (.89) remained relatively intact. The study demonstrates that Rasch analysis, while effective in elucidating the metrics of an original instrument, can also be useful in designing modifications of instruments that are both efficient and psychometrically sound.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed2001

Clinical evaluation of the Shin-Nippon SRW-5000 autorefractor in adults.

A clinical evaluation of the Shin-Nippon SRW-5000 (Japan), a newly released commercial autorefractor, was undertaken to assess its repeatability and validity compared to subjective refraction. Measurements of refractive error were performed on 200 eyes of 100 subjects (aged 24.4 +/- 8.0 years) subjectively (non-cycloplegic) by one optometrist and objectively with the SRW-5000 autorefractor by a second. Repeatability was assessed by examining the differences between the seven autorefractor readings taken from each eye and by re-measuring the objective prescription of 50 eyes at a subsequent session. Although the SRW-5000 read slightly more plus than subjective refraction (mean spherical equivalent +0.16 +/- 0.44 D), it was found to be highly valid (accurate) compared to subjective refraction and repeatable over the prescription range of +6.50 to -15.00 D examined. The Shin-Nippon SRW-5000 autorefractor is therefore a valuable complement to subjective refraction and as it offers the advantage of a binocular open field-of-view, has a great potential benefit for accommodation research studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Continuous recording of accommodation and pupil size using the Shin-Nippon SRW-5000 autorefractor.

A newly released commercial autorefractor, the Shin-Nippon SRW-5000 (Japan), has been found to be valid compared to subjective refraction and repeatable over a wide prescription range. Its binocular open field-of-view allows the accommodative state to be monitored while a natural environment is viewed. In conventional static mode, the device can take up to 45 readings in 1 min using digital image analysis of the reflected retinal image of a measurement ring. Continuous on-line analysis of the ring provides high (up to 60 Hz) temporal resolution of the refractive state to an accuracy of < 0.001 D. Pupil size can also be analysed to a resolution of < 0.001 mm. The measurement of accommodation and pupil size was relatively unaffected by eccentricity of viewing up to +/- 10 degrees and instrument focusing inaccuracies of +/- 5 mm. The resolution properties of the analysis are shown to be ideal for measurement of dynamic accommodation and pupil responses.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed2001

Clinical evaluation of the Shin-Nippon SRW-5000 autorefractor in children.

The Canon Autoref R-1 is an 'open-field' autorefractor which has been widely used for research purposes for the past 20 years, but is no longer manufactured. A new autorefractor, the Shin-Nippon SRW-5000, is now available, and if measures using this instrument are shown to be equally accurate and reliable, is likely to replace the R-1. Here we report on the accuracy and reliability (repeatability and reproducibility) of refraction measures in a paediatric population (from 4 to 8 years of age). Subject numbers were 44 for cycloplegic measures and 53 for non-cycloplegic measures. As would be expected, agreement with cycloplegic refraction and reliability were better when SRW-5000 measures were taken using cycloplegia. Repeatability results from the SRW-5000 autorefractor, both with and without cycloplegia were similar to those reported for the Canon R-1.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed2001

Vision care: a compensation cornerstone.

Vision care is a benefit that provides advantages for both employers and employees, and it has become an essential element of most competitive benefit packages. Well-designed vision care programs offer participants choice, options, self-help and value. An option that employers may want to consider is reduced prices on laser vision correction procedures.

Contact Lenses↗