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At least 1,387 records · Page 77Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Smoking attitudes amongst nursing tutors and their students.

We have compared the smoking habits, and attitudes towards the habit, in 51 nurse tutors and 649 of their students. There were similar proportions of never-smokers, but rather more ex-smokers among the tutors. Only nine (17.6%) of the smoking and ex-smoking tutors admitted to having started smoking before the age of 18, compared with 75.5% of the students. Seven tutors and a similar proportion of students believed that smoking was not very harmful. Social behaviour differed between the two groups, the students tending to smoke in pubs and the tutors at home and over coffee. Reasons for having stopped also differed; in tutors cost was cited most often, whereas in students smell on clothes and future health damage ranked most highly. Cost, future health damage and smell were given as the main reasons for wanting to stop by smokers in both groups. We suggest that slightly different anti-smoking strategies might be required in students and tutors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Epidemiologic study on the prevalence of the sick house syndrome in Japan].

PURPOSE: Sick house syndrome (SHS; sick house syndrome) presents healthy damage owing to the indoor environment of a building. Although SHS is recognized socially, there is no medical definition and its illness concept is also ambiguous. This time, large-scale epidemiology investigation about SHS of our country was conducted. METHOD: The investigation paper in the "epidemiological research on SHS" group of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare was used. The reply of 8737 adults and 9387 children was obtained. RESULT: By the definition of a disease, prevalence of SHS was 8.5 to 22.1% at the adult and 5.6-19.8% in the child. Cause environmental substances were "a shampoo, makeup and a perfume", "the smell of a wall or the building materials of a floor", and "paint". There was no significant difference in SHS development of symptoms in construction years and the situation of extension and alteration of a dwelling. As a feature of a life style, symptoms developed in the strong group of stress and sensitive to a smell developed mostly. CONSIDERATION: Prevalence differed greatly by how SHS is defined. In order to diagnose truer SHS, we think that the prudent definition based also on the international standard is required.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[A survey on smoking behavior in Hokkaido University School of Medicine, 2003].

OBJECTIVE: A survey was carried out to assess smoking among students, and administration and teaching staff in Hokkaido University School of Medicine in 2003. METHODS: We conducted a questionnaire survey on smoking of undergraduates, graduate students, administration personnel and teaching staff in Hokkaido University School of Medicine in February 2003. The majority of question items were targeted for all subjects while some items were addressed separately to smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The survey showed that 1) the smoking rate of the study subjects is lower than that of physicians, in general; 2) dependence on cigarettes among smokers is relatively low; and 3) 80% of the ex-smokers are in the maintenance stage, while 20% are in the action stage. Furthermore, 1) there was a tendency for smokers and non-smokers to be concerned with the health effects of passive smoking than that of active smoking; 2) smokers tended to ignore the unpleasant smell of cigarettes as compared with ex-smokers and non-smokers; 3) although the three groups acknowledged the health affects of smoking, they are not proactive in the promotion of anti-smoking; and 4) everyone is generally concerned with the smell of cigarettes but tended to accept it in the school of medicine. CONCLUSIONS: It is an important issue how smokers in the interested stage can move to the anti-smoking stage, and how those in the action stage shift to the maintenance stage. We have carried out anti-smoking events and campaigns on the campus based on the results of the survey and further plan to formulate a strategy for anti-smoking on the campus. The specific activities will be undertaken and the results evaluated in future.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed2004

[Clinical availability of the herbal medicine, SYOUSAIKOTOU, as a gargling agent for prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced stomatitis].

The stomatitis accompanying chemotherapy reduces a patient's QOL. Many reports have suggested that some kinds of gargling agents for oral mucositis shorten the duration and severity of symptoms. This study tested the prevention and efficacy against stomatitis of a herbal medicine (Syousaikotou) as a gargling agent for patients receiving chemotherapy. Compared to gargling with providone-iodine and amphotericin B, the Syousaikotou gargle showed a significantly decreased incidence of stomatitis, and a painkilling effect. Stomatitis occurred in about 17.4% among 23 chemotherapy cycles with the Syousaikotou gargle, against about 40.8% among 71 chemotherapy cycles without the Syousaikotou gargle. Among the patients suffering stomatitis pain after 22 chemotherapy cycles, the painkilling effect was seen to be 76.2%, and continues for about 2 hours. Critical side effects were not seen, but in 4 cases there were complaints about foul smells, such as oil and grass smells. Syousaikotou gargle was considered to be one of the useful methods against the stomatitis prevention and sharp pain mitigation from the chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Anosmia following superior turbinate resection.

Nasal polyposis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the sinus mucosa responsible for, among other symptoms, alteration of the sense of smell in a considerable percentage of patients. One of the aims of surgical treatment is the recuperation of the sense of smell, especially in patients with good preoperative indicators suggesting a possible favorable outcome. The purposes of this brief clinical report are to present the case of a patient with nasal polyposis who developed anosmia after a bilateral endoscopic functional ethmoidectomy with inadvertent resection of both superior turbinates, and to discuss briefly the possible physiopathological mechanisms that could explain it.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Influence of antiretroviral therapy characteristics on pediatric patient adherence].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze difficulties in achieving optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy as perceived by pediatric patient caregivers in relation to treatment characteristics. METHODS: Design of a subjective numeric scale-based questionnaire, and its administration to caregivers of pediatric patients undergoing active antiretroviral therapy in our hospital, after verbal informed consent for interviewing. The questionnaire aimed to assess on a scale from 0 (no difficulty for adherence) to 5 (maximal difficulty) a number of treatment-related factors: a) number of drugs and dosage regimen; b) organoleptic properties of drugs; c) treatment administration; d) adverse events; and e) antiretroviral therapy effectiveness perceived by caregiver. The questionnaire was proposed to all caregivers, and was performed by a pharmacist in a private space within the pharmacy department. RESULTS: The questionnaire was administered to 28 caregivers of the 32 pediatric patients undergoing active antiretroviral therapy. The following factors were evaluated as entailing moderate difficulties: smell, deglutition, and the immediate gastrointestinal adverse effects of protease inhibitors in liquid dosage form. The only factor evaluated as entailing great difficulty was protease inhibitors flavour in the liquid dosage form. Therapy effectiveness perception was evaluated as high. CONCLUSIONS: According to the overall results from our survey, caregivers evaluated the following factors as entailing moderate to high difficulties for correct adherence: number of drugs in the antiretroviral combination, organoleptic properties (smell, taste) of protease inhibitors (PI), PI-related deglutition problems, and PI-related immediate gastrointestinal adverse events. These factors may be considered potential obstacles for adequate adherence to antiretroviral therapy in pediatric patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Treatment of chronic bovine endometritis and factors for treatment success].

In a controlled field trial, 178 dairy cows with chronic endometritis and at least 21 days in lactation were randomly assigned to four different treatment groups: prostaglandin F2alpha intramuscularly (PG, 5 mg dinoprost (5 ml Dinolytic), n = 51), intrauterine antibiotics (AB; 400 mg ampicillin + 800 oxacillin (20 ml Totocillin), n = 49), intrauterine antiseptics (AS; 100 ml 4% Lotagen, n = 50); control (C, no initial treatment, n = 28). Before treatment, uterine swabs for bacteriologic examination and blood samples for determination of serum progesterone concentrations were collected. Two weeks following the first treatment, cows were reexamined. In case no clinical cure was diagnosed, treatment was repeated and control cows were treated for the first time with one of the three treatments mentioned above. The four treatment groups did not differ with respect to the clinical cure or reproductive performance. Therefore, factors that might have an influence on clinical cure and fertility were evaluated. With increasing duration of lactation, the clinical cure after a single treatment increased significantly over all treatment groups from 59.5% (treatment before day 42 postpartum) to 79.6% (treatment following day 42 postpartum) (P < 0.05). Within the PG group, a statistically significantly higher cure rate after a single treatment and first service conception rate and a lower pregnancy index were obtained when the treatment was performed following day 42 postpartum (P < 0.05). This was not the case in the other treatment groups. A retarded involution of the uterus based on the size had a negative effect on clinical cure over all groups (first treatment clinical cure: 68.2% (small uteri) vs 44.4% (large uteri); P < 0.05). Within groups, this effect was also detected, but only as a trend (P > 0.05). Isolation of Arcanobacterium (A.) pyogenes negatively influenced first treatment clinical cure over all treatment groups (79.0% vs 31.5%) and within treatment groups (P < 0.05). In the AB group, the pregnancy index, days open and the interval from first insemination to conception increased compared with the other treatment groups, when A. pyogenes was detected. Isolation of unspecific bacteria and the presence or absence of a corpus luteum only had minor effects over all and within the PG, AS and C group. Within the AB group, presence of luteal tissue was connected with a higher pregnancy index and increased days open and interval from first insemination to conception (P < 0.05). A multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of A. pyogenes and no initial treatment (control group) had a statistically significant independent and negative influence on the first treatment clinical cure. Ill-smelling vaginal discharge and no treatment had a negative independent effect on first service conception rate. Furthermore, days open were negatively influenced by the interval from calving to first examination and the presence of ill-smelling vaginal discharge. In conclusion, under the conditions of this field study, it seems preferrable to treat chronic endometritis. However, under the condition of a herd health program with continuous observation of sick and healthy animals, a wait-and-see attitude might also be justified.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed2005

A night in the life of an OR nurse.

The author shares a personal experience, during a night shift in the OR, that changed her forever. I was defined as a nurse by that moment of trauma. I spent 9 years as a trauma specialist in a large U.S. hospital. We did gun shots and stabbings every single night. After facing the results of too many school shootings, I came back to Canada. I was tired. After that night, death was never again an idea, a poetic notion of the spirit leaving the body. It was cold, it was pulseless, it was bloody, and it has a smell all it's own. To this day I can tell if a patient is going to die on the table, I can smell it. I had faced fear and death, and survived. I was certainly not "new" anymore... nor was I naïve.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Epidemiological aspects of olfactory dysfunction.

PURPOSE: This study aimed at assessing the most common aetiological factors causing total or partial olfactory deficit and the statistical analysis of some clinical aspects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 243 patients reporting alfactory dysfunction were enrolled in this STUDY: A case history was drawn up for each patient, and all of them underwent otolaryngology objective examination, including nasal endoscopy, paranasal sinuses CT-scan, and Utrecht method (GITU) based smell indentification test. RESULTS: Upper respiratory viral infections (40.2%), ceanial-facial traumas (39.3%), and rhinosinusal pathologies (6.3%) were the main aetiopathological factors indentified. A relevant number of case were recorded with unknown aetiology (14.2%). In 2 cases, olfactory dysfunction was due to neurological diseases, in 1 case it was due to intoxication and, in another case, it was congenital. The correlation between aetiology, gender, age, symptoms duration and deficit severity was studied. CONCLUSIONS: many different aetiological factors caused the loss or weakening of the sense of smell. They mainly affected olfactory neurosensorial structures and odorant conduction. However, there were many cases of unknown aetiology. Women, over 40 in particular, were the most affected. Anosmia and severe hyposmia were mainly correlated with traumas and viral pathologies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Male subjects who could not perceive the pheromone 5a-androst-16-en-3-one, produced similar orbitofrontal changes on PET compared with perceptible phenylethyl alcohol (rose).

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate in how far cerebral blood flow changes in male subjects when exposed to a pheromone that they cannot consciously smell. METHODS: We used a boar taint steroid (5a-Androst-16-en-3-one), which is similar to human axillary sweat but could not be detected by the human volunteers who participated in this study. RESULTS: The pheromone produced activation of the orbitofrontal and frontal cortex in comparison to a baseline condition. The same regions were activated when the subjects smelled a rose-like odour. CONCLUSION: This study shows that a pheromone, which is not consciously detected, can evoke a response in the brain that is similar to a detectable odour.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Empyema due to an anaerobic Streptococcus in childhood].

Anaerobic infections are quite rare in pediatric age, being that, they affect only neonates and immunodepressed patients. We think to be somewhat interesting to describe the case of our patient, a 9 year old boy, unaffected by any predisposing factor, came under our observation because of a severe respiratory distress. He showed evident clinical and radiological signs of pleural effusion in the right lung, together with a gas coil in the upper field and a left mediastinal shifting. A thoracentesis was then performed, giving rise to 600 ml of foul smelling purulent material; this procedure promptly improved his respiratory function. A permanent drainage trough the chest wall was set and an antibiotic therapy, based on the clinical picture and the character of the exudate, begun. In effect, the typical smell of the purulent material led us to suspect an anaerobic infection, and for this reason we employed the teicoplanin iv, a rarely used in the pediatric age drug. While blood cultures were negative for any organism, exudate cultures yielded Peptostreptococcus anaerobius; the last one resulted highly sensible following antibiogram to the previously chosen drug. The x-ray pattern and the rapid disappearing of the gas coil induced us to exclude further either congenital or acquired lung diseases. We conclude that, in absence of other proved sources of entry, the air presence in the pleural space was secondary to gas formation by the anaerobic micro-organism. The clinical course was very satisfactory allowing the patient to be dismissed on the 28th hospital day, with no need of further surgical therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child↗
PubMed1991

Fishing for a diagnosis.

A patient complaining of fishy smelling urine and perspiration appeared for evaluation. No other family members were similarly affected, and dietary manipulation partially controlled his complaint. Trimethylaminuria, originally described in 1970, is secondary to a deficiency of the liver enzyme, trimethylamine oxide. The frequency of the anomaly is unknown. Fishy smelling urine and perspiration are diagnostic of the anomaly. There are no known associated developmental defects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia.

A 51-year-old Thai man had had a 5 cm x 7 cm swelling of the right upper eyelid and forehead for 4 months. There was a deep trench-like skin ulcer at the upper tarsal border, exuding thick, very foul smelling pus. The mass did not respond to treatment with massive, multiple antibiotics, although the pus and foul smelling improved after treatment directed against anaerobic organisms. The correct diagnosis of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia was finally made after the fourth biopsy. The swelling disappeared after four weekly intralesional injections of triamcinolone.

Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia↗
PubMed1989

[Recurrent episodic unilateral mydriasis with pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid--a case report].

A 24-year-old female was admitted to our hospital on Aug. 20 in 1986 because of blurred vision and right pupillary dilatation. She had sometimes noticed headache later than 1976, and blurred vision without headache several times a year later than 1983. She had been told her right pupil dilated when she had complained of blurred vision. Neurological examination revealed abnormal findings as follows; diminished sense of smell in the right side, anisocoria (R 8 mm, L 5 mm), bilateral hippus, hypesthesioalgesia in her right face, left trunk and left arm. The pupils were round and contracted promptly to light. Accommodation reflex and ciliospinal reflexes were normal. Neither blepharoptosis nor external ocular muscle paresis were observed. Deep tendon reflexes were normal. Planter responses were flexor. There was no meningeal irritative sign. No abnormal findings were obtained in blood and urine, chest X-p, brain enhanced CT scan, EEG, and cerebral angiography except for slight degree of anemia. Serum TPHA was negative. However, the cell count of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was 18/mm3 (Ly 100%) and decreased to 9/mm3 (Ly 100%) in nine days. Protein content and glucose level of CSF were normal. Pupils were not constricted by 0.125% pilocarpine instillation. Loss of smell and sensory disturbance disappeared within three days and her pupils became isocoric by five days after admission. The patients of episodic unilateral mydriasis without apparent cause had relatively same clinical features as "unilateral springing pupil" proposed by Hallett et al. (1970). Except for mydriasis, they had no abnormal findings of neurological and laboratory examinations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Thirty years of disinfection 1955-1985].

The article deals with disinfectants and disinfection during 1955-1985 and analyses the disinfectant lists no. 1-6 made up by the German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology. It is shown that changes in test methods may influence the composition of disinfectants. During the time taken in consideration a change from phenols/phenol derivatives as main active material in disinfectants to aldehydes took place. Main active materials in hand disinfectants are the alcohols ethanol, iso-propanol and n-propanol. Since 1974 (list no. 4) the number of products based on PVP-iodine for hand disinfectants increases. Strikingly quaternary ammonium compounds in detergent disinfectants increase as well as sole active material or in combination with aldehydes. This depends on the fact, that their acceptance is well because they are less smelling. On the other hand in combination with aldehydes they make it possible to reduce the amount of bad smelling aldehydes.

Disinfectants↗
PubMed1987

[Respiration olfactometry--an objectifying method in the quantitative assessment of hyposmia].

The nasal flow rate is a sensitive parameter for recording respiration reactions evoked by smelling. A method is presented for objectifying measurement of different severe hyposmias. Using the monorhine respiration-olfactometry, one side of the nose is stimulated olfactorily, in the other one the nasal flow rate is registered simultaneously. 22 patients suffering from light and severe hyposmia could be exactly classified corresponding to the severity of hyposmia. There were no smell-induced respiration reactions below the detection threshold. The reaction thresholds of respiration-olfactometry correspond to the detection thresholds of subjective olfactometry in 94% of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Acceptability of cholestyramine or colestipol combinations with six vehicles.

Preferences for cholestyramine or colestipol in combination with orange drink, orange juice, grape juice, apple juice, water, or apple sauce were evaluated in 40 healthy adults. Each subject evaluated the taste, texture, and smell of 30-mL samples of 12 drug-vehicle combinations (two drugs, six vehicles) using modified five-point wine-tasting scales. Samples were prepared to contain either cholestyramine 1.0 g or colestipol hydrochloride 1.3 g. The products were tested at room temperature and were administered in a random order. Subjects and observers were blinded to the identity of the products. Acceptability scores for taste, texture, and smell were significantly higher for cholestyramine than for colestipol. Total mean preference scores for cholestyramine-vehicle combinations ranged from 9.9 to 11.7; for colestipol, 6.3 to 8.9. Orange drink, apple juice, grape juice, and orange juice were the preferred vehicles for cholestyramine. The preferred vehicles for colestipol were orange drink, apple sauce, and apple juice.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical symptoms and findings in the upper airway of soot-exposed workers].

Under conditions of the channel black technique of the carbon black producing factory in Oranienburg, DDR, some inhalative noxious agents are discussed, especially dust of carbon black in concentrations three times higher than permitted and the climate is causing aggravated conditions. 58 still exposed, 35 formerly exposed workers and 60 control persons of the same age and smoking habits were asked using a questionnaire and they were examined clinically to find out disturbances of health in the upper airways. Complaints concerning chronic rhinitis partly complicated by crusts and sanguineous nasal secretion more frequently had been stated by exposed workers compared to the control persons. The rhinoscopical findings of the exposed workers and control persons are emphasizing the case history details. By it, more severe chronical mucosal findings were diagnosed in 29 percent of the exposed, but only in 9 percent of the control persons. Obstructions of the nasal breathing are not to be related to the profession in spite of the significant differences of the anamnestical data and clinical findings. On the contrary the disorders of smell seem to be more important concerning the soot exposed workers. The roentgenological findings of the paranasal sinus and the cytological results of nasal secretion do'nt give further hints. The importance of an exposition of more than 10 years is apparent concerning the described morbid changes. Significant fewer complaints concerning the ENT were stated by the formerly exposed workers than the still exposed. Special examinations by an ENT physician should be performed on workers exposed to carbon black having already longer persistent complaints particularly concerning chronical mucosal findings and disorders of smell.

Adult↗