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[State of the hearing function in yardmasters making up trains].
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[Characterization of the functional motility of nervous processes of machinist-class railway operators].
The relationship of functional motility of nervous processes (FMNP) with a professional rating of the operators of dynamic systems (engineman) was researched. The analysis of asymmetry sensory-motor responses was carried out. The examination 213 engineman was carried out. Professionally successful engineman are characterized more high level FMNP. The level of parameter FMNP 110 stimuli in one minute allows from 85% by accuracy to forecast professional successful of engineman. The relationship of dynamics of change of a response time of a right and left hand is detected during fulfillment of the test with professional successful. These data are expedient for using at professional psychophysiological selection.
[Sanitary assessment of the microclimate of suburban rolling stock].
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[Computer display color combinations and symbols that provide the optimum visual working capacity of an operator].
While working with displays, a combination of white and yellow objects against the black, dark grey, and blue backgrounds was found to be the best in visibility. When the objects were observed against the pale grey and green backgrounds of a display, eye functional changes were minimal, which causes the authors to recommend them as the optimum backgrounds. To reduce visual fatigability when a person works on a computer requires to alternate backgrounds by using white and yellow objects against the black and blue backgrounds for short-term emergency transmissions and green and pale grey backgrounds for presenting continuous current information.
[Aspects of industrial toxicology in contact with mineral fertilizers in railway transport].
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[Sanitary assessment of a new ShKID-type isolating respiratory apparatus].
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[Evaluation of current methods and equipment used to detect components of petroleum and its products in the air].
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The 'railway spine'--a precursor for the 'whiplash syndrome'?
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Prevention of debris flow disasters on Chengdu-Kunming Railway.
Chengdu-Kunming Railway is an important transport line on southwestern China. However, this railway's safety is often threatened by debris flows. How to effectively forecast and alarm the debris flow disasters and reduce the losses is the aim to study the prevention system in this paper. The factors to cause or influence debris flow are divided into four parts--the basin environmental factors, the basin meteoric factors, the prevention work's elements and the flood-relief work's elements, and the prevention system is made up of three models--a judgment model to assess the debris flow gully's seriousness, a forecast model to predict the debris flow's occurrence and an alarm model to evaluate the debris flow's disaster. Afterwards, a concise structure chart is worked out and verified by the field data from Chengdu-Kunming Railway. This prevention system will provide beneficial reference for the debris flow's monitoring network to be executed on Chengdu-Kunming Railway.
A note on the commemoration of the 150th anniversary of Phineas Gage's accident.
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[Doctor of medicine Jerzy Dobrzanski (1889-1970), physician, social activist, independence fighter].
Dr. Jerzy Dobrzanski was born in Warsaw in 1889. He attended grade school and graduated from high school there. He began medical studies and graduated from the Jagiellonian University in Krakow in 1914. He served as a surgeon in the Russian Army during World War I. He passed his final medical degree examination in 1921. He specialized in gynecology and obstetrics at Wilno University. From 1923 to 1939, he was head of the obstetrics and gynecology department of the Railway Hospital in Wilno. He became actively involved in social issues and the independence cause as a young pupil, for which he was persecuted. During World War II, he was one of the leaders of the Polish underground resistance movement in the Wilno region. He was sentenced to hard labor in the Soviet gulag, where he stayed from 1945-1956. Upon his return to Poland, dr. Jerzy Dobranski lived and worked as a gynecologist for the Polish Railway in Wroclaw. He died in 1970.
[Rescue service of the NSB and work in connection with the Asta accident].
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[Current hygienic problems in the construction of the Baikal-Amur main line].
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[Prospective study of post-traumatic stress in victims of terrorist attacks].
In 1995-96 several terrorist attacks struck Paris. After that, the French government decided to optimize the service claimed to treat psychological repercussions of attacks victims. For this reason we need to better understand the psychopathology developing after these traumatic events in order to adjust the various steps of the treatment. In December 1996, a terrorist attack occurred in a Paris subway. Medical and medico-psychological teams intervened immediately on the site to help victims. Among 115 victims, 4 persons died and 35 were seriously injured. The aim of our study was to evaluate the psychological impact among a population of terrorist attacks victims by a prospective study and to identify predictive factors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We evaluated PTSD rates at 6 and 18 months, the relationship between coping style and PTSD, and whether PTSD increased health care utilization. Two follow up evaluations were performed in the 6th and 7th month respectively, by means of self-questionnaires sent by mail. Among 115 victims of the bombing attack occurred in December 1996, the 111 survivors were asked to participate to the study. The subjects who accepted and could use French questionnaires were considered eligible for the inclusion: the main criteria of the Watson's PTSD Inventory for the specific post-traumatic symptoms were used; the Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire was used to measure the general psychopathology; to identify coping styles we used the questionnaire "Ways of Coping Check List" of Vitaliano at 6 months and the "Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS)" by Endler at 18 months; a small questionnaire was proposed to evaluate injuries, hospitalization and specific treatment immediately or after the event. Among 70 subjects who accepted to participate, 56 (33 females) could be evaluated at 6 months and 32 (14 females) subjects at 18th months. The mean age at 6 months was 38.4 years: 41% of participants met PTSD criteria at 6 months, 34.4% still had PTSD at 18 months; at 18th months, 50% subjects presented GHQ scores higher than 3, corresponding to the cut-off revealing mental suffering; people hospitalized more than two days immediately after the event presented significantly lower PTSD scores at 6 months. General characteristics of risks factors for PTSD were: at 6 and 18 months, women and younger people presented significantly higher PTSD scores; for the CISS at 18 months Emotion-oriented coping correlated significantly with PTSD (r = 0.49, p = 0.007), while task-oriented coping and PTSD correlated negatively (r = -0.39; p = 0.04). Avoidance coping's styles were not correlated with PTSD. About predictive factors: the GHQ-12 and PTSD-I scores at 6 months were significantly correlated with PTSD-I scores at 18 months (respectively r = 0.73, p = 0.018 and r = 0.75, p = 0.0029); by a multiple regression we observed that PTSD-I score at 6 months predicted the PTSD-I score at 18 months, adjusted on sex and age. The others characteristics at 18 months were: medication use increased significantly at 18 months; people who lived another traumatic event since December 1996 presented a 18 month PTSD score higher than the other victims. In spite of the small size of this sample, the principal interest of this study is the prospective data in a population exposed by the same traumatic event. We note the high score of PTSD at 18 months. Terrorism exposure resulted in persisting PTSD in a significant proportion of victims; this was related to coping style. Moreover PTSD increased health care utilization. We discuss these results comparing with other similar populations in France, Israel and USA. We discuss overall the role of coping styles during the time after an attack; we insist on considering this aspect in the therapeutic strategies. These data contribute to inform that people with a high PTSD score at 6 months presented a high risk to suffer PTSD at 18 months. These results underline the importance of early diagnosis to propose early medical and psychological help to the victims.
[Methodological principles and results of sanitary optimization of railway passenger transportation].
Systems analysis has yielded criteria for the sanitary optimization of railway passenger transportations, as well as a package of relevant practical measures, which are aimed at improving comfortable and safe conditions for both passengers and train crews, enhancing efforts to prevent diseases in railway workers and to protect the environment. For fulfilling the tasks set, sanitary requirements for designing new-generation carriages have been substantiated and put into practice. The requirements are based on the existing European quality standards, with regard to the up-to-date departmental regulations and the developments that improve air indices in the carriages, their provision with human safe finishing materials and equipment, bedding, devices for drinking water disinfection, ecologically pure lavatory systems, with those for collecting and utilizing garbage, as well as employ means and ways for carriage disinfection.
[Sociomedical aspects of reduction of risk in the development of occupational diseases and industrial trauma in railway transport].
The paper outlines the main constituents of occupational risk in railway workers, which are based on the sanitary and biomedical criteria of injury safety. Sociomedical aspects of the incidence of railway occupational diseases and injuries are discussed. A list of major occupational factors and causes that determine a high occupational risk in railway workers is given.