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At least 1,387 records · Page 77Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Teen obesity addressed in the military.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to trial a teen weight loss program at the largest U.S. Air Force Medical Center to find its effect in reducing the serious problem of teen obesity in San Antonio, Texas, at Lackland Air Force Base. A successful program, developed by physicians, was examined. The program, SHAPEDOWN, selected because it was the first program for teen obesity ever developed and has been successful for over 20 years, used a behavioral modification approach, which required parental involvement. The five students and five parents graduating from the program did reduce their body mass index but not to the program specifications of 1/2 to 1 lb/week. As recommended for success, the program was supposed to include weekly consecutive meetings, pretesting families to note specific family problem areas, and purchasing the training video for the teacher. However, financial and other constraints limited following the program design, and these steps were not taken. Nurturing skills for the parents were taught successfully, and parents expressed future application of these skills for both future weight loss efforts with their teens and for their improved parent/teen relationship.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The role of a scientific society in physiology education: current and future perspectives.

As a professional society of physiologists involved in research and teaching, the American Physiological Society (APS) is "...devoted to fostering education, scientific research, and the dissemination of information in the physiological sciences." Established long-range goals for education guide the development of current and future programs at all education levels. K-12 outreach programs develop working relationships between physiologists and K-12 teachers within local communities and improve the quality of precollege science education. At the undergraduate level, APS programs foster excellence in physiology education and promote student interest in physiology careers. At the graduate level, activities promote excellence in graduate training and the professional development of students, including a focus on underrepresented groups. At each of these levels, the Society includes activities for the continuing education of its members. Looking to the future, the Society plans to expand the programs and resources offered to researchers and educators at all levels. On-line programs, resources, and communications have been initiated and will play an even more important role in the future.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rating game: tips on how to assess your safety program.

The author offers tips on measuring the effectiveness of your healthcare facility's safety program--from establishing objectives to developing programs to meet them. He provides an 11-step process to develop a performance standard. Through these standards, he says, healthcare managers can showcase the improvements that have been implemented.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1994

An integrated health care model in medical education: interviews with faculty and administrators.

PURPOSE: To broaden the understanding of how medical schools can help students learn an approach to health care that reflects the integration of psychosocial and biomedical factors in health and illness. METHOD: A qualitative research design was used, with data collected through document review and semi-structured interviews conducted in the spring and summer of 1992 with 22 faculty and administrators from 17 U.S. and Canadian medical schools. The interviewees represented the following disciplines: internal medicine, family medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, and preventive/behavioral medicine. An analytic framework was developed, within which the constant comparative method was used on a continuous basis during and after data collection. Category development focused on (1) defining the scope and character of an integrated perspective, (2) delineating various ways to incorporate such a perspective in medical education, and (3) identifying barriers to and facilitative factors for incorporating such a perspective in medical education. Validity was assessed by having the interviewees and three other faculty members review the analyses and preliminary results. RESULTS: The interviewees' conceptions of an integrated perspective on health care focused on the theoretical need for a broader scientific model and on the practical need for more inclusive approaches to medical practice. The interviewees described patient-level and community-level approaches as equally important. The ideal curricula envisioned by the interviewees were patient-centered, integrated, developmental, and population-based. In addition to naming many barriers to integration (e.g., negative attitudes of faculty and administrators, diffuse organization of medical schools, ignorance of appropriate curriculum design and implementation), the interviewees identified certain facilitative factors (e.g., strong leaders, faculty development programs, and reform of the faculty reward system). CONCLUSION: The interviewees envisioned an integrated model of health care that suggests that medical curricula should address the development of physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and skills regarding physicians' relationships with both patients and community.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexually transmitted diseases and reproductive health.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are a major health problem, particularly for women in developing countries. Serious sequelae include ascending infections leading to chronic discomfort, ectopic pregnancy and infertility, cervical cancer, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Primary prevention involves sexual behavior modifications and condom use, and secondary prevention targets early and appropriate management of STD and reproductive tract infections (RTI). There is an urgent need for comprehensive preventive and curative reproductive health services, as well as for inexpensive, simple, rapid, and convenient STD diagnostics and treatment regimens. Female controlled barrier methods are a priority in the field of applied research. In additions, women's voices have to be heard in health and development programs.

Developing Countries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethnography and AIDS: a methodology for identifying culturally relevant risk-reducing behaviors.

As the AIDS pandemic enters its second decade, persons most at risk for developing the disease are low-income African-American women and their children. This group has been extremely difficult to reach with traditional "top-down" risk reduction programs developed by the federal government. The authors describe an ethnographic case study strategy, appropriate for and within the reach of many community-based organizations. This strategy can be used to identify barriers to risk-reducing behaviors; ultimately this strategy can be used to assist organizations to develop culturally relevant intervention programs.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2000

Mechanisms of programmed cell death in the developing brain.

Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is an important mechanism that determines the size and shape of the vertebrate nervous system. Recent gene-targeting studies have indicated that homologs of the cell-death pathway in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have analogous functions in apoptosis in the developing mammalian brain. However, epistatic genetic analysis has revealed that the apoptosis of progenitor cells during early embryonic development and apoptosis of postmitotic neurons at later stage of brain development have distinct roles and mechanisms. These results provide new insight on the significance and mechanism of neural cell death in mammalian brain development.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Challenges facing Caribbean countries 10 years after the International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo, Egypt].

At the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) that was held in Cairo, Egypt, in 1994, participants acknowledged that population, economic growth, and sustainable development are concepts that are closely linked, and important strides were made in terms of increased recognition of sexual and reproductive rights. The Programme of Action ratified at that Conference was adopted as a platform for designing national and international policies in the areas of population and development for a period of twenty years. However, in Latin America and the Caribbean all types of obstacles-financial, institutional, and human-still stand in the way of attaining the goals of the Programme of Action, and some governments have established measures that undermine their people's exercise of sexual and reproductive rights. The Caribbean Subregional Meeting to Assess the Implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 10 Years after its Adoption was held in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, in November of 2003. At the meeting, which was attended by representatives from 20 Caribbean countries and territories, a call was made for more rational use of available resources and for mobilization of additional funds for developing and implementing population and development programs and policies in the Caribbean. The meeting also saw the approval of the Caribbean Declaration, which lays out the challenges that should serve as the roadmap for taking actions to consolidate the progress achieved so far and come closer to attaining the goals established by the ICPD. In the Declaration, the countries and territories of the Caribbean asserted their commitment to continue legislative reforms at the national level while seeking to enforce these reforms in an effort to ensure implementation of the ICPD's Programme of Action and of the Caribbean Plan of Action for Population and Development that was adopted in 1996 by the Economic Community for Latin America and the Caribbean.

Caribbean Region↗
PubMed1989

Spouses' experiences during pregnancy and the postpartum: a program of research and theory development.

A program of nursing research was established to test a theory proposing that wives and husbands have similar pregnancy-related experiences. The research was guided by a conceptual framework of the family as a living open system. Findings were conflicting from three studies that investigated the relationship between spouses' strength of identification and similarities in changes in various body image components during and after pregnancy; taken together the findings suggested that spouses do not have similar patterns of change in their body images during pregnancy and the postpartum. Two other studies investigated the relationship between spouses' strength of identification and similarities in their reports of physical and psychological symptoms during pregnancy and the postpartum. In these studies the spouses reported similar physical and psychological symptoms during pregnancy and the postpartum. There was no evidence, however, in any of the studies of a relationship between spouses' strength of identification and similarities in their pregnancy-related experiences. The validity of the theory of similar pregnancy-related experiences and the credibility of the conceptual framework of the family as an open system are questioned.

Body Image↗
PubMed2006

First-year results of a community peripheral vascular screening program at an academic community hospital.

Disease associated with the vascular system, including peripheral arterial disease, poses a serious health problem with incidence growing annually. Recognizing this, several health care organizations across the United States have developed programs for public education and community awareness, and for screening individuals at risk for vascular disease. Lehigh Valley Hospital developed and implemented a screening program that evaluated more than 160 individuals during a 12-month period. Results suggest that screening should be limited to patients at high risk; however, the intrinsic value of patient education and patient peace of mind is worth proceeding with the screening effort because patients reported a positive experience.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Viewing clinical research career development through the lens of social cognitive career theory.

Issues such as, over commitment, insufficient time, and lack of funding, threaten physicians' entry and sustainability in a research career pathway. Social cognitive career theory is presented as a conceptual framework to critically examine the limitations of the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) efforts to promote the career development of physician-scientists. Special attention is given to the unique challenges of promoting this career pathway for women and underrepresented minorities. The authors propose enhanced recommendations for the career development of physician-scientists and research questions for future studies and program development aimed at advancing the nation's efforts to promote clinical research.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed2002

Development of a laser safety hazard evaluation procedure for the research university setting.

Laser safety often receives less attention and fewer resources than other institutional safety and health program elements. This diminished support occurs despite the fact that the potential for laser-related occupational injuries is much greater than the potential for injury from radioactive materials used in biomedical research. Therefore, a small emphasis on laser safety can potentially produce a much greater return on investment than more conventional health physics programs. Developing and implementing a formal laser hazard evaluation procedure provides all efficient mechanism for identifying potential laser safety hazards and offers a great professional development opportunity in this important area of health physics expertise. This paper outlines a process for developing such a university laser hazard evaluation program.

Forms and Records Control↗
PubMed1997

Visiting Nurse Service of New York celebrates multiculturalism.

Home health providers must develop culturally sensitive and specific programs for many populations. This article outlines the steps agencies and practitioners can take to design these programs. Examples of two specialty programs developed by the Visiting Nurse Service of New York, one focusing on the Jewish and Russian Jewish community and the other on the Asian Home Care Program, provide insight into the importance of a comprehensive approach to all cultural home care programs.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1991

Quality assurance for a nutritional support service.

Quality assurance programs may significantly influence patient care by providing a systematic mechanism of self-assessment. An effective program should improve the level of care and have a positive effect on the fiscal base of a health care institution. The design of a useful quality assurance program is not a trivial matter. This report describes the details of a functioning quality assurance program developed for a multidisciplinary nutrition support service. The effect that such a program may have on patient care is also illustrated.

Dietary Services↗
PubMed1997

[A baccalaureate program born from a university and a college collaboration].

Ontario health care reform has necessitated many changes in the nursing profession. To practice effectively, nurses must readjust their roles and training. This article discusses a revised bachelor of nursing program that is the result of collaboration between two teams of educators from the French-language division of the School of Nursing at Laurentian University and the Nursing Program at Collège Boréal in Sudbury, Ontario. It describes the preliminary stages of program development, the major players, the underlying philosophy and an overview of the program in each of the four years of study. The program, which includes the option of earning a college diploma at the end of the third year, is slated for introduction in the fall of 1997.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Brief hospital treatment plans: innovations in practice and research.

Hospital care for persons with mental health problems has changed dramatically in the past two decades. The emphasis on community-based models of care, cost containment, and the concern that psychiatric hospitalization may be ineffective or even harmful for some clients has led to the development of innovative hospital treatment programs. In this paper, the author examines a brief hospital treatment program developed for persons who have been identified, either previously or currently, with borderline personality disorder. The typical features of brief hospital plans, the lived experiences of five participants, and the changes in hospital utilization before and after the involvement in the program are discussed. The findings reveal the benefits as well as the limitations of this innovative program in improving the day-to-day lives of people with mental health problems. The methodology and results of this study provide direction for innovation and diversification in psychiatric nursing practice and research.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMed2001

NeuroD-null mice are deaf due to a severe loss of the inner ear sensory neurons during development.

A key factor in the genetically programmed development of the nervous system is the death of massive numbers of neurons. Therefore, genetic mechanisms governing cell survival are of fundamental importance to developmental neuroscience. We report that inner ear sensory neurons are dependent on a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor called NeuroD for survival during differentiation. Mice lacking NeuroD protein exhibit no auditory evoked potentials, reflecting a profound deafness. DiI fiber staining, immunostaining and cell death assays reveal that the deafness is due to the failure of inner ear sensory neuron survival during development. The affected inner ear sensory neurons fail to express neurotrophin receptors, TrkB and TrkC, suggesting that the ability of NeuroD to support neuronal survival may be directly mediated through regulation of responsiveness to the neurotrophins.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[A rapid radiotherapy planning program in intracavitary afterloading therapy].

A recently developed program for the irradiation planning of intracavitary afterloading applications in the treatment of gynecological diseases is presented. On the basis of measured data, a rapid algorithm for calculating the dose within the field near to ray emitters is introduced which avoids any uncertainties as to the greatest activity and the dose rate constant. Distance- and direction-dependent corrections of the inverse square law are performed by means of polynomials easy to calculate or by tables. The structure and performance of the program are described. Some examples are given in order to illustrate the possible applications of the irradiation planning program.

Algorithms↗