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PubMedDate not supplied

[Rare manifestation of nasal polyposis in the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome].

We are relating a case of the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, a disease characterized by hamartomatous polyposis and by mucocutaneous melanic pigmentation, in a rare variant identified by the presence of nasal polyposis. At the objective E.N.T. examination, the patient's nasal fossae were completely obstructed by translucid masses of a polypoid appearance and, moreover, a melanic pigmentation of the cutis, of the perilabial mucosa and of the oral cavity was encountered. At the X-ray examination and, later, during the operation, also the right maxillary sinus appeared completely obstructed by polypoid masses. At the histologic examination, such polypoid neoformations were quite similar to common polyps of an inflammatory nature and, so, absolutely without any peculiar structural features. The nasal polyposis in patients suffering from the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome has been mentioned by Peutz since his first observation but it has been seldom described in the subsequent publications, even in relation to the presentation of rare causes to Congresses and Magazines of an exclusively gastroenterological interest, in which the main concern was that of identifying both the clinical and histological aspects of gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis and the correlation between the syndrome and the formation of malignant neoplasias in other organs to the prejudice of the secondary manifestations of the disease. Nevertheless, the nasal polyposis and, at any rate, the tendency to the formation of polyps in other districts (urinary tract, bronchi) are described among the less important features also in gastroenterological treatises of most recent publication. Clinical observations, even occasional, are completely missing in the E.N.T. ambit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Efficacy of nutritional supplements used by athletes.

Findings on the efficacy of nutritional supplements used by athletes are reviewed. Many athletes have turned away from anabolic steroids and toward nutritional supplements in the hope of gaining a competitive edge without threatening their health. Athletes may require slightly more protein than sedentary people do to maintain positive nitrogen balance, but it is dubious whether extra dietary protein will help someone to achieve athletic goals. Purified amino acids have become a popular if expensive form of protein supplementation; there is no scientific evidence, however, to support their use. Excessive protein supplementation can lead to dehydration, gout, liver and kidney damage, calcium loss, and gastrointestinal effects. Supplementation with vitamins and minerals in excess of recommended daily allowances appears to have no effect on muscle mass or athletic performance. Other substances touted as having ergogenic properties are carnitine, cobamamide, growth hormone releasers, octacosanol, and ginseng; again, there is no reliable scientific evidence to support claims that products containing these compounds have ergogenic potential, and heavy supplementation may lead to adverse effects. Nutritional supplements are promoted through unsubstantiated claims by magazine advertisements, health food stores, coaches, and other sources. The FDA considers nutritional supplements to be foodstuffs, not drugs, and therefore has not required that they be proved safe and effective. Dosage guidelines are inadequate, and quality control is poor. The FDA has begun to revise regulations governing labeling and health claims for these products. There is little if any evidence that nutritional supplements have ergogenic effects in athletes consuming a balanced diet, and some products have the potential for harm.

Carnitine↗

PubMed1994

[Evaluation of students rotational work experience in health centers of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Extremadura].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the opinions of the students from the 6th year of the medical degree course, regarding their rotation in health centres, together with their knowledge, preferences and perception on various different aspects of primary medical attention. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observation. Evaluation by means of opinion questionnaire. SETTING: Primary medical attention. Four urban health centres in Badajoz and one in Mérida, with responsibilities for the teaching of pregrade medicine. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: 67 students of the sixth year of the University medical course, 1992-1993. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Out of a total of 101 university students, 67 (66.3%) took part in the voluntary rotation scheme that the Health Centres offer the University. The average age of the students was 24.3 +/- 1.1 years. 84% of the students rated the experience as "useful" or "very useful", and 63% thought it should be longer. The students correctly identified features that distinguish outpatients clinics from Health Centres. Medicine is the magazine most known and most consulted by the students. Almost all of the students (97%) will take the MIR examination, and the family and community medicine specialties hold a particular attraction for these students. CONCLUSIONS: We note that students rated the rotation work experience in the health centres highly. But there is still a lack of coordination and a degree of fragmentation of teaching aims. The universities are not making sufficient use of the learning opportunities offered by the health centres.

Academic Medical Centers↗

PubMed1994

The heavy metal subculture and suicide.

The impact of the heavy metal music subculture on suicide has been the subject of much public debate but little scholarly research. The present paper assesses this relationship with data on heavy metal magazine subscriptions and youth suicide in the 50 states. We find that, controlling for other predictors of suicide, the greater the strength of the metal subculture, the higher the youth suicide rate. The music perhaps nurtures suicidal tendencies already present in the subculture. The model explains 51% of the variance in youth suicide.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Stereotype or reality: another look at alcohol and drug use among African American children.

The Center for Substance Abuse Prevention's Division of Communications Programs launched its Urban Youth Public Education Campaign in late 1990 to target African American youth in 14 cities with prevention messages about alcohol and other drugs. During the market research phase of the campaign, the Center sought to determine the extent inner city African American children are impacted by alcohol and other drugs and how widespread the use of these substances is among younger children. Is it rampant and universal, as some press accounts have it, or are the images portrayed by the news media, by popular movies, and by other communication outlets fueling harmful stereotypes? The campaign's market research consisted of in-depth reviews of the literature, of personal communications, conference proceedings, grant and contract reports, monographs, newspaper and magazine articles, and of national survey results, and the analysis of findings from focus groups conducted with 143 African American children living in several urban environments. Although information and conclusions gleaned from the market research revealed a longstanding trend of comparatively lower rates of alcohol and drug use by African American youth, also disclosed was a need for an expanded framework to address the problems of substance abuse within the African American community. An expanded framework acknowledges the dimension of substance use and abuse but also addresses three other dimensions--involvement, exposure, and victimization--that unfold as having major significance for this population of youth who live in urban, high-risk environments.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Changes of sexual behavior among Danish homo/bisexual men under the impact of HIV/AIDS epidemic].

In October 1991, 1.567 gay/bisexual men throughout Denmark returned an anonymous questionnaire enclosed in the magazine of the National Gay and Lesbian Association. Most were younger, well educated men living in the Copenhagen area. 76% had been tested for HIV, 15% were infected. As in 1988, the median number of partners in 1991 was 2-5. Eighty-two percent of the sexually active men engaged in anal sex, of these half used condoms consistently. Anal sex was practised more with steady partners and condom use was more common with casual partners. One out of eight had engaged in unprotected anal intercourse with a partner with discordant HIV-serostatus, down from one in three in 1988. It is concluded, that Danish gay men have not further limited their sexual life during the later years. The majority of the respondents have increased sexual safety, but risky sex still prevails among a substantial minority, and safe sex campaigns should continue.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1993

[Oral contraceptives: knowledge and compliance].

One hundred and twenty (120) women, taking contraceptive pills, underwent a structured interview with a view elucidating their knowledge of the physiology of menstruation, the action and side effects of contraceptive pills and their compliance in the taking of contraceptive pills. The most important sources of information were the medical letters in magazines and the women's own doctors, while the teaching in the Folkeskole (primary and lower secondary school) had not had any major influence on the level of information. Well over one third of the interviewed women knew the most important action mechanism of the contraceptive pill, and half of the women could give a satisfactory explanation of the physiology of menstruation. Twenty-four percent (24%) thought that pregnancy could not occur until 1-2 months after the woman had ceased taking the pill. There was high compliance among the women i.e. that their behavior was correct when they had forgotten to take one or two contraceptive pills, when bleeding was irregular, and when beginning on a new package of pills. Eighty-three percent (83%) had experienced side effects that could be related to contraceptive pills. The investigation shows that there is a need for more efficient information about the effects of the Pill and about the physiology of menstruation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Physician sets diabetes education as top priority.

Rachmel Cherner, MD, FACP, is an endocrinologist in private practice in Jenkintown, an active member of the Philadelphia County Medical Society, and a delegate to the State Society's House. He writes for Consultant magazine and serves on the staff of North Penn Hospital, and his work as a physician-educator was described in a Medical Economics publication called "Patient Satisfaction." In 1987, he established the Pavilion Diabetes Treatment Center.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Are dermatologists greedy?

Are dermatologists greedy? A better question: are doctors greedy? The most relevant question is this: why is the subject of physician greed ignored by organized medicine? Certainly, the public talks about physician greed. "Fraud and Abuse Are Milking Medicare" runs the headline in a recent magazine article that featured the subtitle, "Dermatologists Removes a Simple Growth and Bills for Multiple Growths." The question remains: why, despite the present uproar over escalating medical care costs, does the medical profession fail to engage the issue of inappropriate reimbursement? This article explores some of the reasons and possible remedies for our diffidence.

Dermatology↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship of wives' preventive health orientation to their beliefs about heart disease in husbands.

Selected by area probability sampling, 199 wives residing in the city and county of Lebanon, Pennsylvania, were interviewed about their attitudes, opinions, beliefs, and behavior in respect to the role that wives can play in helping to prevent heart disease in husbands. After the "Don't know" respondents were eliminated, the remaining respondents were categorized into a continuum of low, medium, and high levels of preventive health orientation, according to how much of a role they believed wives could play in the prevention of heart disease in husbands. The orientations were then cross-tabulated with several variables in a health belief model (initially formulated by G. M. Hochbaum and associates and discussed in a monograph edited by M. H. Becker) and also with several sociodemographic variables. A substantial majority of the 187 wives expressed beliefs that wives could play some or very much of a role in preventing heart disease in husbands, that treatment for heart disease was effective, and that the disease was preventable. The majority indicated that they had not worried about their husbands getting heart disease. Magazines and television had been their main sources of information about the condition. Emphasis was placed on the wives who ranked low on the preventive health orientation continuum, since it is people like these who are of most concern to health educators and health care providers. Compared with the medium-ranked and high-ranked respondents, fewer of the low-ranked group (a) had ever suggested any health-related behavior to their husbands, (b) felt that their husbands were very susceptible to heart disease, or (c) believed that treatment was very effective. The majority of wives in the low group nevertheless considered heart disease to be a serious condition that would reduce a person's chances of living a normal life. With chi-square as a measure of statistical significance and Cramer's V as a measure of the strength of relationships, statistically significant support was found for the relationships between the wives' preventive health orientation and their perceptions of (a) the seriousness of heart disease, (b) their husband's susceptibility to it, (c) the effectiveness of treatment, and (d) the disease's preventability (all variables in the health belief model), as well as between the orientation and place of residence, years of education, and both the respondent's and husband's age. The relationships, however, were not very strong.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Use of surgical staplers on the upper gastrointestinal tract].

Mechanic or stapled anastomoses of hollow organs represent a safe and attractive alternative to the manual suture. The rate of complications for the duodenal stump closure by linear staplers is minimal with leakages below 1%; the same is true for the jejunum. In esophagogastrostomies which are often performed cervically, the stapler offers more safety compared to manual sutures, but the rate of stenoses is higher with about 15%. Stenoses have been observed especially with smaller magazines (25 mm diameter). For esophagojejunostomies safety is much greater with mechanic staplers than with manual sutures. Only most experienced surgeons would achieve the same results with the same low rate of leakages of less than 10%; stenoses do not have clinical relevance.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed1993

Road map to a revolution: highlights from the 1993 APNA conference.

1. However it may happen, change is certain to occur; mental health care will be reformed in the near future. 2. The Coalition of Psychiatric Nursing Organizations developed an 85-page position paper on essential services. One topic dealt with is "barriers to care," which include public attitudes, fragmented systems, poverty and race, private insurance, and public funding. 3. As a result of increasingly sophisticated and assertive lobbying efforts, nurses have been more involved in the political scene. Ira Magaziner, project director for the Health Care Reform Task Force, addressed 100 nurses recently. 4. For psychosocial nurses, "the future is now." There is a window of opportunity at this time, and nurses must agree on what is wanted and work together to take advantage of that window.

Health Care Reform↗

PubMed1993

Public information: a major tool in cancer prevention.

The methodology for an information campaign is discussed, detailing follow up in five stages: (1) assessment of needs: a good knowledge of behaviour patterns and the kind of information needed is the basic element to create the concept of a campaign. A pre-survey is an indispensable tool to secure this information; (2) basic scientific information: communication to the public has to be based on precise and recent scientific data; (3) comprehension of the information: communicating with the general public should be through texts that are clear and accessible to the greater part of the population; (4) production of supporting documents: each element of the campaign has to produce an impact on the person receiving the message; and (5) evaluating the impact of an information campaign. An evaluation can check whether objectives have been reached, and also correct errors and help prepare the next campaign even more professionally. These five stages are essential to set up a successful information campaign. We also give examples from our magazines Cancer-info and Smoke Buster-info. Through information public opinion can be mobilized to influence political decisions in the public health sector. One evidence for the importance of collective influence on political decision makers is our campaign to promote the total ban on tobacco advertising. As large-scale information campaigns need important financial resources it is essential to balance the cost to generate sufficient funds to finance further projects in the health sector; we discuss this matter as well as the impact on the image of the association.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

[Psychopharmaceutical drugs in the mass media. Results of a systematic analysis of text contents and images].

Mental diseases and psychopharmacological drugs are frequently discussed in newspapers and popular magazines. The representations are supposed to have a great impact on people's opinions on the subject. From 1 August 1991 to 31 July 1992 all articles about psychopharmacological drugs and cardiac drugs in 19 German newspapers were collected. All statements, effects and side effects, the reason for prescription, individual details about the patient and, according to this procedure, subjects and implications of the illustrations, were registered and classified according to a code book. In contrast to the articles about cardiac drugs, half of the psychopharmacological drug reports primarily deal with the problems of side effects the drugs may produce. There was much more critical comment and emotional emphasis used to characterize the psychopharmacological drugs. Only in 9% was their therapeutic efficacy mentioned. Cardiac drugs are generally discussed objectively in a medical context and their efficacy is emphasized. Psychopharmacological drugs are often mentioned in stories about prominent persons having a life crisis, taking drugs, or turning to alcoholism, in the sense of social decline. In only 3% of these articles could a serious mental diseases be identified as the reason for the prescription. Corresponding to the more prominent emotional emphasis of these articles, compared to the articles about cardiac drugs, more pictures, mainly of prominent persons or patients are used. However, the illustration seldom adds to information provided. The reasons for and implications of these findings and the significant differences between the distinct groups of newspapers are discussed.

Cardiovascular Agents↗

PubMed1995

Media mania: hot infections.

Television, radio, and the print media increasingly are reporting information of a medical nature, sharing the latest research findings. Disease-related articles are a staple of the weekly news magazines and tabloids. To keep current, nurses must evaluate everything they are exposed to and should read and listen with educated eyes and ears.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed1996

Good Samaritan surgeon wrongly accused of contributing to President Lincoln's death: an experimental study of the President's fatal wound.

BACKGROUND: When President Abraham Lincoln was shot in the back of the head at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865, he was immediately rendered unconscious and apneic. Doctor Charles A. Leale, an Army surgeon, who had special training in the care of brain injuries, rushed to Lincoln's assistance. When Doctor Leale probed the wound in Lincoln's thickened scalp, feeling for the bullet, he dislodged a blood clot, and Lincoln began to breathe again. However, Lincoln progressively deteriorated and died at 7:22 AM on April 15, 1865. During the postmortem examination of Lincoln's body, numerous secondary missiles of bone and metal were found in the track of pultaceous brain tissue, extending completely through the brain to the front of the skull. In February 1995, an article in a popular magazine alleged that Doctor Leale had caused further (fatal) damage to Lincoln's brain by thrusting his finger into the brain through the bullet hole. The article alleged (wrongly) that most bullet wounds of the brain incurred in Civil War times were not fatal. STUDY DESIGN: The following study demonstrates that it is impossible to introduce even the tip of the little finger through a hole in the skull resulting from a .41-caliber bullet fired from a derringer. In our study, a .41-caliber derringer was used to fire bullets into numerous fresh skulls; the bullet holes all had razor-sharp edges and were much too small to accommodate a fingertip. RESULTS: Thus, the allegation that President Lincoln's brain was damaged further because Doctor Leale thrust his finger through the bullet hole into the brain parenchyma is not valid. In this study, experimental data are presented to demonstrate the foregoing point. CONCLUSIONS: The wound made by John Wilkes Booth's derringer ball in Lincoln's brain was devastating; it was clearly the cause of his death. Good Samaritan surgeon Leale has been falsely accused of contributing to Lincoln's death.

Brain Injuries↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Components of nonresponse in mail surveys of dental hygienists.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the reporting of nonresponse in mail survey research and to determine if nonresponse as a result of inaccurate addresses varied by sampling frame. Nonresponse bias is defined as researchers' inability to contact some members of a sample, or the refusal of some sample members to provide information. METHODS: Published survey research articles in the Journal of Dental Hygiene from 1988 through 1992 were reviewed for nonresponse information. Thirty-nine articles described studies that met the requirements of being a mail survey of dental hygiene subjects. All 39 articles included information about the population base and the number of subjects in the sample. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Response rates ranging from 33% to 92% were reported in 37 articles. Only 15 of the 37 articles included information on the ability to contact subjects. The percentage of subjects who could not be contacted ranged from 1.1% to 13.3%. Professional organization membership rosters provided the most accurate mailing lists, followed by school class rosters. Least accurate were licensure lists and magazine lists. CONCLUSION: More attention to research design may help dental hygiene researchers recognize the impact of nonresponse bias.

Bias↗

PubMed1995

[Effect of the First Congress of Serbian Physicians and Naturalists on the Slavic population at the time].

After the First Congress of Serbian Physicians and Naturalists held in Belgrade in 1904, numerous reviews and comments were published in the Serbian and foreign magazines. This paper deals with the review of reports published in Belgrade, Zagreb, Ljubljana, Prague and Zadar. Beside some comments of the Serbian reporters pertaining to the professional level of the Congress, the general estimation was that the Congress was a great success in the professional, organization and social aspect. Furthermore, the Congress stirred up an intensive Yugoslav and Slavic temper in the participants which resulted in the initiative for the establishment of the Association of the Slavic Physicians and Naturalists.

Congresses as Topic↗