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PubMed1997

Selected list of books and journals for the small medical library.

The introduction to this revised list (seventeenth version) of 610 books and 141 journals addresses the origin, three decades ago, of the "Selected List of Books and Journals for the Small Medical Library," and the accomplishments of the late Alfred N. Brandon in helping health sciences librarians, and especially hospital librarians, to envision what collection development and a library collection are all about. This list is intended as a selection guide for the small or medium-size library in a hospital or similar facility. More realistically, it can function as a core collection for a library consortium. Books and journals are categorized by subject; the book list is followed by an author/editor index, and the subject list of journals by an alphabetical title listing. Due to continuing requests from librarians, a "minimal core" book collection consisting of 78 titles has been pulled out from the 200 asterisked (*) initial-purchase books and marked with daggers ([symbol: see text]). To purchase the entire collection of books and to pay for 1997 journal subscriptions would require $101,700. The cost of only the asterisked items, books and journals, totals $43,100. The "minimal core" book collection costs $12,600.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1997

The focus group technique in library research: an introduction.

The focus group technique is one example of a qualitative research methodology used to explore the opinions, knowledge, perceptions, and concerns of individuals in regard to a particular topic. The focus group typically involves six to ten individuals who have some knowledge of or experience with the topic. The group discussion is led by a moderator who guides participants through a series of open-ended questions. The information gathered can provide important clues to human attitudes and values as they relate to the topic. Such information can be extremely useful to libraries that are trying to gain a better understanding of their patrons' needs and thus make better management decisions to help satisfy those needs. The technique can also be used successfully in conjunction with other research tools, such as surveys, either to help develop a questionnaire or to explain specific survey results. This paper introduces the use of focus groups in library research, the skills needed to conduct groups, and their strengths and weaknesses. Examples of the use of focus groups in health sciences libraries are presented, including the results of a survey from these libraries.

Focus Groups↗
PubMed1998

The Oral History Program: I. Personal views of health sciences librarianship and the Medical Library Association.

The Medical Library Association Oral History Program uses accepted oral history techniques to collect and preserve interviews with members. The original taped interviews and transcripts are kept in the Medical Library Association archives and made available for research purposes; edited copies of the interviews are distributed through the National Network of Libraries of Medicine, and members are encouraged to borrow and read the histories. Summaries of forty-three interviews provide personal views on health sciences librarianship and the Medical Library Association.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1998

Library use and information-seeking behavior of veterinary medical students revisited in the electronic environment.

Veterinary medical students at Iowa State University were surveyed in January of 1997 to determine their general use of the Veterinary Medical Library and how they sought information in an electronic environment. Comparisons were made between this study and one conducted a decade ago to determine the effect of the growth in electronic resources on student library use and information-seeking behavior. The basic patterns of student activities in the library, resources used to find current information, and resources anticipated for future education needs remained unchanged. The 1997 students used the library most frequently for photocopying, office supplies, and studying coursework; they preferred textbooks and handouts as sources of current information. However, when these students went beyond textbooks and handouts to seek current information, a major shift was seen from the use of print indexes and abstracts in 1987 towards the use of computerized indexes and other electronic resources in 1997. Almost 60% of the students reported using the Internet for locating current information. Overall use of electronic materials was highest among a group of students receiving the problem-based learning method of instruction. Most of the students surveyed in 1997 indicated that electronic resources would have some degree of importance to them for future education needs. The electronic environment has provided new opportunities for information professionals to help prepare future veterinarians, some of whom will be practicing in remote geographical locations, to access the wealth of information and services available on the Internet and Web.

Computer Literacy↗
PubMed1998

The Oral History Program: II. Personal views of health sciences librarianship and the Medical Library Association.

The Medical Library Association Oral History Program uses accepted oral history techniques to collect and preserve interviews with members. The original taped interviews and transcripts are kept in the Medical Library Association archives and made available for research purposes; edited copies of the interviews are distributed through the National Network of Libraries of Medicine, and members are encouraged to borrow and read the histories. Summaries of forty-three interviews provide personal views on health sciences librarianship and the Medical Library Association.

Archives↗
PubMed1998

The Oral History Program: III. Personal views of health sciences librarianship and the Medical Library Association.

The Medical Library Association Oral History Program uses accepted oral history techniques to collect and preserve interviews with members. The original taped interviews and transcripts are kept in the Medical Library Association archives and made available for research purposes; edited copies of the interviews are distributed through the National Network of Libraries of Medicine, and members are encouraged to borrow and read the histories. Summaries of forty-three interviews provide personal views on health sciences librarianship and the Medical Library Association.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1999

The digital library: an oxymoron?

"Virtual libraries" and "digital libraries" have become stock phrases of our times. But what do they really mean? While digital refers to a new form of document encoding and must be approached from that perspective, virtual resonates with aspects that modern philosophy treats with benign neglect at best. The word virtual harbors the notion of potential, and therein lies its hidden strength. Although strong commercial interests try to use the shift to a digital environment to redefine the political economy of knowledge, and thus virtualize libraries into a state of almost complete impotence, all hope is not lost. Librarians of virtualized libraries may well discover that they have re-empowered institutions if they place human interaction at the heart of their operations. In other words, rather than envisioning themselves as knowledge bankers sitting on treasure vaults of knowledge, they should see themselves as "hearts" dynamizing human communities. They should also see themselves as an essential part of these communities, and not as external repositories of knowledge. In this fashion, they will avoid the fate of becoming an oxymoron.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1999

An assessment of collections at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Health Sciences Libraries: drug resistance.

In December 1997, the authors completed an in-depth collection assessment project at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Health Sciences Libraries. The purpose was to develop a framework for future collection assessment projects by completing a multifaceted evaluation of the libraries' monograph and serial collections in the subject area of drug resistance. Evaluators adapted and synthesized several traditional collection assessment tools, including shelflist measurement, bibliography and standard list checking, and citation analysis. Throughout the project, evaluators explored strategies to overcome some of the problems inherent in the application of traditional collection assessment methods to the evaluation of biomedical collections. Their efforts resulted in the identification of standard monographs and core journals for the subject area, a measurement of the collections' strength relative to the collections of benchmark libraries, and a foundation for future collection development within the subject area. The project's primary outcome was a collection assessment methodology that has potential application to both internal and cooperative collection development in medical, pharmaceutical, and other health sciences libraries.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1975

Health science libraries in the United States: a five-year perspective.

Two surveys of the universe of health science libraries in the United States have been completed by the Medical Library Association's Committee on Surveys and Statistics over a five-year period. This paper compares, for 1969 and 1973, summary data on the universe, and the distribution of libraries, resources, personnel, and salaries.

Educational Status↗
PubMed1964

THE COMMUNITY AND THE MEDICAL LIBRARY.

The responsibility of the community to the library is often overshadowed by the reciprocal one-that of the library to the community. Yet if the library is to get a new building, a larger book grant, or more staff, active and well-informed help must be received from the community.

Books↗
PubMed1964

THE IMPACT OF THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES ON THE COLLECTING POLICY OF MEDICAL SCHOOL LIBRARIES.

The scope of medical science has broadened to embrace subject areas in the behavioral and social sciences. Medical school curricula have responded to this trend, and the response is inevitably making itself felt in the medical school library. One medical school library's efforts to identify significant library materials in this area are presented as an example of a technique and as an indication of an order of magnitude. A master list of appropriate journal titles is appended.

Behavioral Sciences↗
PubMed1965

MEDICAL LIBRARIES IN BRITAIN; A BRIEF SURVEY.

Monastic institutions, medical corporations and societies, teaching institutions, and research organizations have all played a part in the development of library facilities in Britain. Brief histories of the principal contributors to this development are given. Until recent times private institutions took a greater share than the State in providing and conserving medical literature, and, although the country is now in a very fortunate position, being well stocked with a wide variety of such material, a significant proportion of it is the property of these private institutions and not all of it is freely available. There is still the need for a national library of medicine and for better coordination of existing material. Libraries in hospitals and nurse-training schools are not always adequate. Medical librarians are well organized and in good standing.

History↗
PubMed1965

BRITISH CONTRIBUTIONS TO MEDICAL LIBRARIES OVERSEAS.

Since the Second World War, Britain has established or rehabilitated medical schools in eight territories for which she has some responsibility, and, through the British Council, she is making medical library services available in many other countries. Official organizations and professional bodies provide abstract and review journals which enable medical men overseas to keep abreast of modern knowledge, while the Library Association Medical Section and the British National Book Centre have established flourishing exchange services, whose facilities are offered to medical libraries abroad. The most pressing need in developing countries at the present time is for professional medical librarians. Opportunities for training in Britain are open to librarians through at least six official sources besides the British Council and World Health Organization, but so far only two trainees have presented themselves on such grants. Less experienced librarians in the developing countries also need the continuing support of their senior colleagues overseas.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Facilitating functional analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome using an EGFP-based promoter library and flow cytometry.

A promoter library was generated to facilitate identification of differentially regulated promoters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The library was constructed in a vector containing two reporter genes (EGFP and lacZ) divergently arranged about a unique cloning site. Approximately 2x10(5) clones were obtained and a flow cytometer was used to screen the library for copper-induced EGFP expression. A DNA fragment conferring copper-inducible expression of EGFP was rapidly identified. This DNA fragment, which contained several motifs associated with copper and oxidative stress homeostasis, lies upstream of two 'orphan' genes of unknown function. Further studies comparing expression from episomal vs. integrative vectors showed that construction of a similar library using an integrative vector would further enhance rapid identification of genes that are differentially regulated in S. cerevisiae. The ability to identify regulated promoters rapidly should facilitate the functional analysis of the yeast genome by identifying genes induced by specific physiological conditions.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Assessing enzyme substrate specificity using combinatorial libraries and electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

A model experiment for the 'on-line' screening of substrate libraries by enzymes using combinatorial libraries in combination with electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI-FTICR) mass spectrometry has been performed. The reaction between the electrophilic substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and component of a H-gamma-Glu-Cys-Xxx-OH library, catalyzed by glutathione-S-transferase, has been monitored. It shows the feasibility of 'two-dimensional' screening of substrate libraries by ESI-FTICR mass spectrometry.

Cyclotrons↗
PubMed1987

National Library of Medicine: the view at 150 years.

The national Library of Medicine celebrated its sesquicentennial in 1986. The Library has played an important role in medical communication in this country for most of the 150 years since its founding. In the last 20 years, especially, the NLM's responsibilities have been expanded to include a variety of nontraditional library activities. Many of these new activities are based on computer and communications technology. Research now going on in the Library's Lister Hill Center shows promise of greatly altering the way future scientists and health practitioners have access to biomedical information.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1996

A genetic strategy for differential screening of meiotic germ-cell cDNA libraries.

The goals of this work were to create germ-cell-stage-specific cDNA libraries from mouse spermatogenic cells and to employ a novel two-step genetic screen to identify gene sequences present during the critical meiotic stage of spermatogenesis. Highly enriched germ-cell fractions were prepared from adult and juvenile mouse testes, and purity of these fractions was extensively analyzed by light and electron microscopy. Standard techniques were used to prepare cDNA libraries from populations of mixed leptotene and zygotene (L/Z) spermatocytes, pachytene (P) spermatocytes, and round spermatids. These libraries were analyzed with respect to representation of sequences from ubiquitously expressed genes, and from genes expressed at specific germ-cell stages as well as from genes expressed in testicular somatic cells. For the first step of the screening procedure, testicular cDNA was prepared from mutant mice carrying the T(X;11)38H chromosomal translocation that causes spermatogenic arrest at early meiotic prophase. This mixed cDNA probe was used to screen the libraries from L/Z and P spermatocytes to detect sequences failed to hybridize. The clones identified were characterized for ability to hybridize to various germ-cell-specific cDNAs to verify that they represented sequences present in normal spermatogenic meiotic cells. These clones were then subjected to a second screening with another mutant probe; this time the cDNA probe was from testes of sterile mice bearing the T(X;16)16H chromosomal translocation that causes spermatogenic arrest at late meiotic prophase. This screen identified 27 clones that were not represented in testicular cDNA from T38-bearing mice or from T16-bearing mice. These clones may represent sequences essential for normal completion of the genetic events of meiosis during spermatogenesis. Likewise, the secondary screen identified 19 clones that were not represented in testicular cDNA from T38-bearing mice but were represented in testicular cDNA of T16-bearing mice. These clones are thus gene sequences present in spermatogenic cells during the time from early meiotic prophase to mid-to-late prophase. This strategy represents the first use of genetic aberrations in differential screening to identify genes expressed at specific times during mammalian spermatogenesis.

Animals↗