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At least 1,387 records · Page 77Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Histologic and statistical studies on hyalin bodies in the human endolymphatic sac.

Hyalin bodies are amorphous, eosinophilic masses that protrude from the subepithelial connective tissue into the lumen of the endolymphatic sac. In this study, hyalin bodies were analyzed in two groups of temporal bones: normal bones and bones with cochlear otosclerosis. The results revealed that bones with cochlear otosclerosis had significantly more and larger hyalin bodies that did normal bones. In addition, the hyalin bodies in cochlear otosclerosis were denser and associated with more edema and loose connective tissue in the surrounding areas. Foamy macrophages, concentric calcific structures, and bony ingrowth were frequent features of the hyalin bodies in the cochlear otosclerosis. Our current hypothesis is that these hyalin bodies are repository of membranous cellular debris phagocytized by the macrophages. If this is true, the hyalin bodies may further support the proposed resorptive and phagocytic functions of the endolymphatic sac and the enzymatic concept in cochlear otosclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Neck muscle responses to abrupt free fall of the head: comparison of normal with labyrinthine-defective human subjects.

1. EMG responses from sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and orbicularis oculi were recorded in subjects who lay supine with their heads cradled in a sling. When the sling released abruptly, their heads fell freely. Normal and bilateral labyrinthine-defective subjects (LDs) were studied. 2. The normal response in SCM was a small burst of excitation at 22-25 ms latency, of 18 ms duration. This merged into a larger, later burst. The drop also produced eye blinks at 22-38 ms. 3. The onset of the SCM response in LDs was delayed (56-73 ms) even though the latency of their eye blinks was normal. 4. We conclude that the early response at approximately 22 ms in normal subjects is mediated by a vestibulocollic reflex. The delayed activity in LDs may be a stretch reflex. This is the first demonstration of the latency of the vestibulocollic pathway to natural stimulation in man.

Acceleration↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Large vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in response to bone-conducted sounds in patients with superior canal dehiscence syndrome.

Dehiscence of the superior semicircular canal is a 'new' vestibular entity. Among these patients, the vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) in response to air-conducted sounds are large. In the present study, VEMP in response to bone-conducted sounds were studied in 5 normal subjects, in 3 patients after (unilateral) labyrinthectomy and in 4 patients with (unilateral) superior canal dehiscence syndrome. The bone-conducted sound stimulus was a 250- and a 500- tone burst delivered monaurally on the mastoid using standard bone conductors. Among the normals, bone-conducted sounds delivered monaurally caused VEMP bilaterally. There was, however, a transcranial attenuation for the 500-Hz stimulus, but less so for the 250-Hz stimulus. Among the patients with labyrinthectomy there were VEMP on the healthy side, but not on the lesioned side, irrespective of whether the bone-conducted sounds were presented behind the healthy or the operated ear. Among the patients with superior canal dehiscence syndrome, the VEMP on the affected side were larger than on the healthy side. This suggests that there is also vestibular hypersensitivity for bone-conducted sounds in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Counterdrifting of the eyes: additional findings and hypothesis.

Electro-oculograms for monitoring eye movements and eye positions were performed in patients having a prolonged episode of acute peripheral vestibulopathy. During the course of such illness counterdrifting eye movements have been observed. Counterdrifting is defined as slow eye movements which develop in the direction opposite to the primary drift (i.e. the slow phase of spontaneous nystagmus), that occur when lateral gaze is attempted in the dark at eye positions on the side ipsilateral to the vestibulopathy. Counterdrifting appears always to be accompanied or followed by some recovery of labyrinthine function on the side of vestibular failure, and in 2 patients it was associated with so-called recovery nystagmus. It has not been observed after vestibular neurectomy. The hypothesis is put forward that counterdrifting could be an oculomotor phenomenon--centripetal drifting--similar to that underlying Alexander's modification of acute vestibular spontaneous nystagmus.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Correlation between vestibular and cochlear measures in internal ear disorders.

A study was carried out on vestibular and cochlear measures of 20 patients with internal ear disorders. It was shown that the vestibular findings do not always match the cochlear ones. A comparison of the various quantitative measures of the post-caloric responses with the clinical picture indicated that the average slow-phase velocity provides a good measure of the vestibular function. The correlation coefficients between the average slow-phase velocity of the post-caloric responses and those of the per- and post-rotatory responses were higher than those based on the maximum slow-phase velocity value. The diagnostic significance of the rotatory test is assessed against the clinical findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Harmonic acceleration tests as a measure of vestibular compensation.

The material presented in excerpted from patient evaluations. The study was performed with the use of the Contraves rotary chair. This testing modality was used at each patient visit. All other conventional auditory and ENG tests were also performed. These patients have been selected to illustrate the value of the harmonic acceleration (HA) test as a modality for monitoring patient progress. The HA graphs produced were a result of the presence or absence of central vestibular compensation. The findings on these investigations further confirm that HA test provide an objective monitor for vestibular abnormality.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Bilateral vestibular loss, oscillopsia, and the cervico-ocular reflex.

Oscillopsia during head movement occurs in patients with bilateral vestibular loss and may be transient or persistent. To investigate mechanisms underlying recovery we tested the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), visual-vestibular interaction, and the cervico-ocular reflex (COR); we used a pseudorandom oscillatory stimulus with a frequency band width of 0 to 5 Hz in six patients with bilaterally absent caloric responses and in 10 normal controls. Seven control subjects had low-gain COR responses, but these were anticompensatory with respect to the VOR. Three asymptomatic patients with an absent or grossly deficient VOR had increased oculomotor responses at all frequencies when oscillated in light. Compensatory COR responses were detected in these patients but not in patients with persisting oscillopsia. In some patients with bilateral vestibular loss, augmented cervico-ocular and visual reflexes may compensate, at least partially, for an absent VOR.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1986

Results of sinusoidal harmonic acceleration test in one thousand patients: preliminary report.

One thousand patients with dizziness were tested by sinusoidal harmonic acceleration with frequencies of .01, .02, .04, .08, and .16 Hz. Two hundred fifty (25% of data base) were randomly selected for this study. One hundred forty-eight diagnoses were confirmed: 66 (45%) patients had a clinical diagnosis of peripheral vestibular dysfunction, 28 (19%) had central vestibular dysfunction, and 53 (36%) had dizziness of undetermined cause. This preliminary study investigated the response patterns of phase (latency), asymmetry (slow phase preponderance), and gain (output/input) as they correlated with each of the above patient groups. The main response pattern was a varying degree of asymmetry with normal or abnormal latency. Persistent abnormal phase pattern indicated permanent vestibular damage and could not be used reliably to differentiate peripheral from central vestibular dysfunction. Asymmetry changed with time and correlated with patients' symptoms. The dynamic pattern of asymmetry could be used to differentiate peripheral from central vestibular dysfunction. Gain was a reliable and essential measure of the sensitivity of the vestibular system and the validity of the rotational response.

Dizziness↗
PubMed1976

Sudden sensori-neural hearing impairment: a report of 1,220 cases.

We reviewed the findings in 1,220 cases of sudden sensori-neural hearing impairment encountered over a nine-year period at the Otologic Medical Group. A thorough neuro-otologic evaluation is indicated in each case. Ten patients had an acoustic tumor. A vasodilator regimen was prescribed in 380 cases and resulted in hearing improvement in 40%. Favorable prognostic findings were a low tone loss and absence of vertigo.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Otologic and otoneurologic injuries in divers: clinical studies on nine commercial and two sport divers.

In the past two decades, we have seen a great increase in the number of injuries from commercial and sport diving. During this time, our knowledge of the physiology and pathophysiology of diving has also increased. As a result, we now can accurately diagnose and successfully treat many of these injuries. Of the commercial and sport divers examined as pateints in the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston, Tex., between September, 1974, and May, 1975, 11 showed positive otologic and otoneurologic findings which are reported herein. One patient was surgically explored for an oval window fistula. In localizing and classifying these injuries, we have utilized extensive and broad-based test batteries, which include complete history, otologic and otoneurologic physical examination, audiometry, a central auditory test battery, and a vestibular test battery. These tests are described. The findings in each of the divers are illustrated and analyzed. This article further describes the use of these test batteries, which were employed to localize otoneurologic pathology in this sample of injured divers. Based on these cases, we have expanded and modified Edmonds' classification of the etiology of vertigo related to diving. We feel that the test batteries which we describe, or similar tests, should be part of the otologic and otoneurologic workup of injuries divers.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Diagnostic accuracy of rotation testing vs. standard vestibular test battery--a long-term study.

Interpretation of vestibular test results derived from rotational and other electronystagmography studies often give confusing diagnostic and prognostic information. We have reviewed 90 consecutive patients seen in the Vestibular Clinic at the University of Texas Medical Branch comparing the accuracy of the damped torsion swing test (DTS) with a conventional vestibular test battery (VTB) to predict vestibular function abnormality (peripheral or central). These predictions were compared with vestibular diagnoses obtained by long-term follow-up (24-36 months). VTB and DTS results were evaluated in a double-blind study by two of the authors (W.C.L. and M.J.C.). Agreement of both VTB and DTS interpretation was uncommon (23/77) (30%); however, when present, it resulted in a 91% accuracy in predicting correct final diagnosis. Where VTB and DTS diagnoses differed, the DTS was more accurate in determining final vestibular system abnormality. In fact, while DTS testing correctly detected abnormality in 17 patients, the VTB was normal in 11. Rotation testing alone may provide a useful and accurate screening test prior to initiating further vestibular testing, particularly when central pathology is suspected.

Adolescent↗