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PubMed1992

Sexual misuse of children by family members: the dynamics of a complex problem.

Studies suggest that, in the United States, as many as one of every three or four children have been or will be sexually misused, but most of these episodes will never be reported. Many of the victims are abused by members of their own family. Why this abuse occurs and why it often remains undisclosed are explored in this article. The types of abuse and the situational aspects that give rise to its occurrence are analysed both in terms of participants (offenders, victims and other family members) and in terms of form (incestuous relationships within the home and outside exploitation). Possible solutions to this complex problem are also considered with the realization that only by first understanding the many factors that create and reinforce the patterns of abuse, will we be able successfully to address this common and most disturbing matter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Perceived credibility of children's sexual abuse allegations: effects of gender and sexual attitudes.

We investigated whether sex role stereotyping, adversarial sexual beliefs, acceptance of interpersonal violence, sex of the subject, characteristics of the child (age, sex), and characteristics of the alleged perpetrator (stranger, father) affect judgments of the credibility of children's reports that they have been sexually abused. Two hundred and fifty-five college students in a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement were given the Burt (1980) scales and asked to read a short vignette in which a child alleged that he/she was sexually abused and the accused male denied the abuse. Although the vast majority of subjects indicated that they believed the child was telling the truth, females rated the child's credibility significantly higher than males F(1, 253) = 6.29, p = .01226. No other significant relationships were found. The results imply that the vast majority of individuals in a college sample tended to believe children's sexual abuse allegations and that this credibility assessment is not influenced by characteristics of the child or perpetrator examined in this study. Implications of the truncated range of the dependent variable and of the Burt scales are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Review of cases of children with gonorrhoea--source of infection.

This is a retrospective study to determine what effort was put into identifying the source of infection in children with gonorrhoea in Ibadan. The case files of eighty-four children aged 1 to 10 years who had gonococcal genital infections between 1983 and 1998 and presented at the Special Treatment Clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan were studied. Clinical manifestations of the 84 children include vaginal discharge (97.6%), urethritis (2.4%) and combined genital and eye infection (8.3%). A total of 103 relatives of 61 index subjects were examined. Of those in whom specimens were collected for microscopy culture and sensitivity, 27 (26.2%) had gonorrhoea. A history of sexual contact in the children studied was recorded in only (10.7%) cases, while four (4.7%) others without history of sexual intercourse had torn hymen. Sexual abuse or child neglect was suspected in this group. None of the named contacts was traceable by the health visitors. The recognition of a child with gonococcal infection identifies a cluster of family members who are at increased risk of having gonorrhoea. This study indicates that more effort will be required to find the source and mode of transmission of gonorrhoea in children.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2003

[Contextual factors associated with the symptoms of teenagers victims of intrafamilial sexual aggression].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify the unique contribution of three sets of contextual factors (maternal supports, family problems and characteristics of the sexual aggression) on adolescents' post-disclosure symptoms. All participants were abused by a family member. METHOD: A total of 71 adolescents girls were recruited from youth center services across Quebec. Psychological distress was evaluated with "Trauma Symptoms Checklist for Children" (TSC-C; Briere, 1989). Adolescents also completed self-report instruments and semi-structured interviews to evaluate contextual factors. RESULTS: Regression analyses indicated that general maternal support explain more variance in most of TSC-C symptoms than maternal response to disclosure. Analysis highlight that alcohol problems in family and various characteristics of sexual aggression explain a unique part of variance of several symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The discussion addresses the need to continue to explore these questions with more specific instruments to evaluate family problems. A large spectrum of symptoms should also be considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Child sexual abuse.

It is estimated that the number of child victims of sexual assault is in excess of 200,000 per year. Many of these children are brought to emergency room facilities or to their private physician's office for evaluation. The recent advances in the area of diagnosis and management of children who are the victims of sexual abuse are presented.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Trauma and traumatized populations in Israel: the Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 1963-2002.

In Europe and the U.S., awareness of interpersonal traumatization has disappeared and reappeared, seemingly connected to socio-historical conditions. The authors wanted to explore this phenomenon in Israel, a complex, multicultural, society that has yet to know peace. Content analysis of a professional journal, the Israel Journal of Psychiatry, was the method of choice. This journal has existed since the fifteenth year of Israel's existence and, because it is published in English, is in active dialogue with the rest of the world. Striking parallels were found between the timing and focus on traumas in the published articles and the socio-cultural context.

Combat Disorders↗
PubMed2001

Exploring the multiplicity of childhood sexual abuse with a focus on polyincestuous contexts of abuse.

This study explored the prevalence of multiple abusers and polyincest in a clinical sample of 88 adult women, focusing on interviews with a subset of 30. For the sample as a whole, 43% reported three or more abusers and 23% reported polyincest. The narrative data was divided into three categories defined as Single-Abuser (N=8), Multiple Abuser (N=8), and Polyincestuous (N=14). These were compared to determine how survivors perceived family members' and others' reactions to disclosure of CSA. All three groups experienced various forms of silencing. The most negative responses were linked to polyincestuous abuse. Three themes were identified as denial/ minimization/normalization, fear/reprisal, and negative/inadequate. Results suggest the need for further research on the frequency of multiple abusers among victims of sexual abuse, as well as the ways in which family and social contexts serve as collusive environments for the practice of CSA.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Viewpoint apropos transgenerational aspects of child abuse].

The fact that child abuse recurs from generation to generation, raises many questions. The psychoanalytical approach tries to figure out the position of the victimized child. Usually, he is considered either as the narcissistic image of the abuser or as the partner of a perverse situation. To analyse how transgenerational coalitions work within the family to reproduce violence, the systemic approach focuses on concepts like loyalty and perverse triangulation.

Adolescent↗