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At least 1,387 records · Page 77Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The specificity of serum antibodies to Giardia lamblia and to enterobacteria in gastrointestinal disease.

A comparative evaluation was made of immunofluorescent serum antibodies against Giardia lamblia and enterobacteria isolated from the upper intestine of patients with severe giardiasis. The study was carried out on sera from 51 patients belonging to seven intestinal disease groups. Antibodies against Giardia and against some enterobacteria were present in all eight cases of giardiasis with malabsorption, and absent in all five cases of invasive amoebiasis and in six normal control sera. Bacterial antibodies were found in the other five groups of intestinal disease, in 29 out of 38 cases. Giardia antibodies were found in only two of the other groups, tropical sprue (two cases) and coeliac disease (two cases). Thus Giardia antibodies may not signify active giardiasis but they were of restricted distribution and were sometimes present at relatively high titre. Bacterial antibodies were widely distributed but always at low titre. Absorption experiments indicated that the two types of antibody did not cross-react.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1979

Inflammatory gastrointestinal disease presenting as genitourinary disease.

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, and appendicitis may be complicated by genitourinary tract problems. Patients with these diseases occasionally present with a genitourinary problem as an initial complaint prior to diagnosis of the underlying primary bowel disease. The correct diagnosis in these difficult cases will be arrived at sooner if the genitourinary manifestations of inflammatory diseases of the bowel are actively considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Signals for nausea and emesis: Implications for models of upper gastrointestinal diseases.

Nausea and vomiting are amongst the most common symptoms encountered in medicine as either symptoms of diseases or side effects of treatments. In a more biological setting they are also important components of an organism's defences against ingested toxins. Identification of treatments for nausea and vomiting and reduction of emetic liability of new therapies has largely relied on the use of animal models, and although such models have proven invaluable in identification of the anti-emetic effects of both 5-hydroxytryptamine(3) and neurokinin(1) receptor antagonists selection of appropriate models is still a matter of debate. The present paper focuses on a number of controversial issues and gaps in our knowledge in the study of the physiology of nausea and vomiting including: The choice of species for the study of emesis and the underlying behavioural (e.g. neophobia), anatomical (e.g. elongated, narrow abdominal oesophagus with reduced ability to shorten) and physiological (e.g. brainstem circuitry) mechanisms that explain the lack of a vomiting reflex in certain species (e.g. rats); The choice of response to measure (emesis[retching and vomiting], conditioned flavour avoidance or aversion, ingestion of clay[pica], plasma hormone levels[e.g. vasopressin], gastric dysrhythmias) and the relationship of these responses to those observed in humans and especially to the sensation of nausea; The stimulus coding of nausea and emesis by abdominal visceral afferents and especially the vagus-how do the afferents encode information for normal postprandial sensations, nausea and finally vomiting?; Understanding the central processing of signals for nausea and vomiting is particularly problematic in the light of observations that vomiting is more readily amenable to pharmacological treatment than is nausea, despite the assumption that nausea represents "low" intensity activation of pathways that can evoke vomiting when stimulated more intensely.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Microbial-gut interactions in health and disease. Gastrointestinal cancer.

A combination of both environmental and genetic factors contributes to the vast majority of human cancers and in particular cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach, colon and rectum. The mechanisms associated with cancer causation or prevention are largely unknown and the subject of much research. Many of these mechanisms implicate the metabolic activities of the bacterial flora normally resident in the gastrointestinal tract. This paper examines both the detrimental and beneficial consequences of bacterial activity of the gastrointestinal tract, focusing in particular on the stomach and large intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Antigen absorption from the small intestine and gastrointestinal disease.

In this article, I have attempted to summarize the concept of intestinal permeability to antigens such as ingested food proteins, bacterial breakdown products, endotoxins, and enzymes. The mature gut retains the capacity to absorb macromolecules by a pinocytotic mechanism which is more pronounced during the neonatal period. The vast majority of individuals have no ill effects from the intestinal transport of large molecules. However, when increased quantities of toxic or antigenic macromolecules gain access to the body because of a derangement in the intraluminal digestive process or because of a defect in the mucosal barrier, antigen absorption may be altered and result in either local intestinal or systemic disorders. The speculative concepts suggesting that clinical disease states may be associated with altered mucosal permeability have been discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Respiratory complications of gastrointestinal diseases.

Further advances in the ability to diagnose GER disease by use of ambulatory pH monitoring have unveiled a host of extraesophageal manifestations of GERD. These include pulmonary symptoms of asthma, recurrent pneumonia, cough or bronchitis, and infant apnea. Many of these symptoms may be the sole presentations of GER in these patients. It is important that the clinician is aware of these atypical presentations of GERD. The expanding use of ambulatory pH monitoring is helping to clarify the underlying pathophysiology of these disorders as well as to improve the ability to diagnose the atypical manifestations of GERD.

Gastroesophageal Reflux↗
PubMed1996

Growth factors and ulcerative gastrointestinal disease.

A huge variety of peptides and cytokines are involved in the maintenance of mucosal integrity and in the inflammatory response at sites of ulceration. Most studies have focused on the effects of an individual factor in this complex process. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that, to fully understand their importance in vivo, we should consider their function as part of a highly integrated system. It is also becoming clear that a relatively small number of common pathways are brought into play by the host in response to a wide variety of intestinal insults.

Cytokines↗
PubMed2002

[Effects of housing, feeding and use on equine health with emphasis on respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases].

In a random population of Swiss horses 54% suffered from a subclinical to moderate COPD. Cause of a COPD is a hypersensitivity of the respiratory tract to spores of fungi and thermophil actinomyces. Teeth problems are strongly associated with the type of diet and the feeding regime. Problems of the teeth belong to the most often treated equine diseases by large animal practitioners. Racehorses are the population of horses most often affected by gastric ulcers with an ulcer prevalence between 63 and 90%. In contrast, a much lower prevalence (37%) of stomach ulcers is seen in pleasure horses and the degree of ulceration is less severe. Large amounts of concentrated high-energy feeds, small rations of forage and a low feeding frequency per day as well as the use of spoiled food can contribute to the development of colics.

Animal Feed↗