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At least 1,387 records · Page 77Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Serum enzyme activity and bilirubin concentration in sheep experimentally infected with Fasciola gigantica.

Fasciola gigantica infection in sheep produced liver and lung lesions characterized by damage to blood vessels and parenchymal necrosis. In the lungs, the lesions were those of parasitic bronchopneumonia. The damage to the liver and lung tissues was accompanied by increased activity in serum of AST after 2 weeks, GD and SD after 4 to 5 weeks and GGT and 5'-NT from 8 weeks onwards. Bilirubin concentration was not affected.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1994

Implications for the involvement of the immune system in parasite-associated cancers.

Biological factors can be carcinogenic risk factors in humans and in animals. Numerous theories have been developed to explain the causal link between biologically-associated disease and the ensuing neoplasia. In this paper we discuss the merits of one of these theories, the possible association between the mammalian inflammatory response and cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Antipyrine, erythromycin and oxytetracycline disposition in experimental fasciolosis.

The effects of fasciolosis on drug disposition were studied by administration of antipyrine, erythromycin and oxytetracycline to sheep and cattle. Fasciolosis was produced by administration of 200 or 400 metacercariae (MC) of Fasciola hepatica to sheep and 500 MC to cattle. The disease was subsequently confirmed by determination of plasma glutamate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transferase and identification and quantitation of mature flukes in the liver at necropsy. Acute or subacute fasciolosis in sheep was accompanied by a significant decrease in the elimination rate constant (beta) and increase in the elimination half-time (t 1/2) for antipyrine and erythromycin when compared with controls or infected sheep which had been treated with the anthelmintic luxabendazole. An increase in apparent volume of distribution (Vd) was seen only for erythromycin in sheep given 400 MC. There were no changes in the disposition of oxytetracycline in sheep with either acute or subacute infection and no effects on disposition of the three test drugs in chronically infected sheep. With early chronic disease in calves, only the disposition of oxytetracycline was affected; not that of antipyrine or erythromycin.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Distribution of antigens of Fasciola gigantica at various stages of development.

An indirect immunofluorescent antibody test on the serum of a Fasciola gigantica-infected rabbit, showed specific fluorescence on the tegumental surface of miracidia, sporocysts, rediae, cercariae, metacercariae and juvenile worms aged between one and seven weeks. The same reaction occurred in the gut cells of cercariae and metacercariae and in the gut caeca of juveniles in the liver. The results of the absorption test indicated that stage-specific antigen(s) in metacercariae and seven-week-old worms existed mainly in the gut cells and the gut caeca, respectively. The precipitating antibody reacting to metacercariae antigens occurred at a very early stage of infection, but the titre dropped much earlier than that against the juvenile antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Influence of anti-inflammatory treatments on experimental infection of rats with Fasciola hepatica: changes in serum levels of inflammatory markers during the early stages of fasciolosis.

Anti-inflammatory treatments with dexamethasone, indomethacin or aspirin shortly before or immediately after the experimental infection of rats with Fasciola hepatica resulted in an increase in the rats' burden of adult flukes, suggesting that the inflammatory system played an active part in the rats' immune defense against invasive F hepatica. An anti-parasitic effect of cyclosporin A on F hepatica infection in rats was also demonstrated. A weekly study of various inflammatory markers (acute phase proteins, leucocytes and platelets) demonstrated that no inflammatory reaction had occurred after the first two weeks of infection, but that there was a significant increase in acute phase proteins after three and four weeks. These increases indicated that a chronic inflammatory reaction, associated with liver damage and an increasing eosinophilia, had occurred.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1994

Influence of pro-inflammatory treatments on experimental infection of rats with Fasciola hepatica: changes in serum levels of inflammatory markers during the early stages of fasciolosis.

The effect of stimulating an inflammatory reaction by injecting rats with either Freund's complete adjuvant or turpentine oil shortly before or after they were infected experimentally with Fasciola hepatica on the establishment of the parasite was studied. Freund's complete adjuvant, given either four hours before or four hours after infection with F hepatica and turpentine oil given four hours before infection resulted in a 40 to 50 per cent decrease in the rats' fluke burden. The study of markers of inflammation (acute phase proteins, leucocytes and platelets) demonstrated that the fluke had a modulating effect on the rat's inflammatory response. During the first few days after infection, F hepatica stimulated a transitory inflammatory reaction, as suggested by changes in the level of acute phase proteins (APP) in the serum. No further change in the APP titre occurred until three weeks after infection, when, together with an increase in the extent of the liver lesions, the change in the titre of APP indicated that a systemic and chronic inflammatory process had taken place.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Transport of serum IgA into bile of sheep infected with Fasciola hepatica.

Sheep infected with Fasciola hepatica were studied for their ability to transport intravenously injected radiolabelled IgA from serum to bile. The results show that there was an apparent reduction in the selectivity of transport of IgA into bile in infected animals compared with uninfected controls. However, in infected animals the biliary flow rate was approximately twice that of uninfected animals, and the total amount of radiolabelled IgA transported was similar irrespective of infection status. The possible relevance of the elevated biliary flow rate is discussed with respect to the pharmacokinetics of drugs used for the chemotherapy of helminth infections in sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Proline biosynthesis by Fasciola hepatica at different developmental stages in vivo and vitro.

The ability of Fasciola hepatica to produce proline was assessed by measuring activity of the proline biosynthesis enzyme ornithine-delta-transaminase, and the arginine-dependent production of proline in vitro. This was related to the changes in bile proline of rats during the course of infection. It was found that the total production of proline and total enzyme activity per fluke increased as the fluke increased in size. However, while the specific enzyme activity remained constant throughout development, there was a preferential increase in proline production relative to protein content of the flukes just prior to their migration into the bile ducts. This early amplification of proline production could provide the stimulus to induce hyperplasia in the bile duct in preparation for fluke entry as proline production relative to protein content of fluke dropped markedly after migration into the bile ducts and never again reached the pre-migration level.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A fructose bisphosphate activated lactate dehydrogenase in the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica.

Lactate dehydrogenase of Fasciola hepatica showed typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics at pH 7.2, with respect to pyruvate. Addition of physiological levels of fructose bisphosphate activated the enzyme at all substrate concentrations tested; the response to this effector being hyperbolic in nature. As well as depending upon the fructose bisphosphate concentration, the Vmax and Km are modified by different buffers. The degree of activation is much greater using Tris-HCl than phosphate buffer. The pH optimum occurs at pH 6.5 whether using physiological levels of substrate in the presence or absence of fructose bisphosphate, or high levels of substrate. Of the potential effectors tested, significant inhibition was shown by the nucleoside triphosphates, especially ATP. The importance of this inhibition, coupled with the activation by fructose bisphosphate is discussed. Fasciola hepatica lactate dehydrogenase is unusual in that it does not catalyse the reverse reaction to any measurable extent. That is, lactate oxidation is negligible unless the effector fructose bisphosphate is present. Use was made of this fact to visualise the isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase separated by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. Five isoenzyme bands became apparent when stained in this manner.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Identification and expression of a Fasciola hepatica gene encoding a gut antigen protein bearing repetitive sequences.

A Fasciola hepatica cDNA clone of about 2 kb was isolated from an expression library by immunological screening using blood serum from an experimentally infected calf. The cDNA clone hybridised to a RNA of about 3 kb in a Northern blot experiment. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA revealed the presence of an open reading frame of 1636 bp which encoded 24 tandemly arranged 20-amino acid-long repeats, followed by 65 non-repeated residues preceding the stop codon. This antigen was expressed in Escherichia coli as beta-galactosidase fusion proteins which were used for the production of specific antibodies. Immunofluorescence studies using specific antifusion sera revealed that the antigen was specifically expressed in the parasite intestine epithelial cells. Due to its early appearance it might be possible to design diagnostic assays based on this repeated antigen for identification of recently infected animals.

Amino Acid Sequence↗