Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “EXISTENTIALISM”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,387 records · Page 77Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[The concept of anxiety--etiology, clinical aspects and treatment].

The paper focuses on the different ways of using and understanding the anxiety concept. After discussing varying views on anxiety in psychoanalytical theory and existential philosophy, the author presents the nosological classification of anxiety disorders in DSM-III-R, and presents recent research findings concerning the etiology of anxiety disorders. The main part of the paper concerns the treatment of the various anxiety disorders. The emphasis is on individual cognitive behavioural treatment and pharmacotherapy, but a psychoanalytical orientation is also discussed. The description of etiology and treatment focuses upon panic disorder, post traumatic stress disorder and the phobias.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
PubMed1991

Dealing with loss: concerns of patients and families in a hospice setting.

Although considerable attention has been given to describing and evaluating the hospice concept from the perspective of caregivers, little research has focused on the perspective of patients and families. The purpose of this study was to describe concerns defined by subjects experiencing loss. Thirty-four interviews were tape recorded, transcribed, and entered into the program Ethnograph for analysis. Concerns of subjects focused on health, communication, religious and existential beliefs, environmental, and psychosocial concerns. Principal meanings of support included providing comfort and maintaining individuals' coping strategies. Narrative examples of key concepts are included. Subjects' reaction to the taping is described. Knowledge of the range of subjects' reactions to loss will facilitate caregivers' assessment of natural and maladaptive reactions, and the development of a valid and reliable instrument to measure the grief experience.

Family↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hysterical symptomatology in adolescents. Reflections on clinical cases].

The body mediates the development of the personality before the acquisition of language allows a more complex structural level to be reached. Due to the remodelling process undergone by the personality during the course of adolescence, it easier to fluctuate between more evolved levels and others of a regressive type in which the body is again placed in the prime position as a means of expression and communication. In this study attention was focused on a few cases of hysterical syndrome in adolescents in whom inappropriate behaviour related to schooling or existential aspects could be traced back to a lack of tolerance towards their aggressivity on behalf of the environment in which they lived. Given the impossibility of expressing their aggression externally, despite the fact these episodes lacked control, and of directing it towards modes of behaviour more suited to self-affirmation, there followed a regression towards symptoms of somatic conversion; the adolescent's mental health is at risk since the readier social acceptance of the hysterical syndrome encourages its organisation into a constant feature rather than being merely an attempt to defend a lifestyle which is not yet consolidated and still open to non-pathological adaptation solutions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Topics in clinical thanatology. Autopathothanatobiographies, -diaries, -epistulographies in comparison with Angloamerican clinical thanatologic experiences].

Extensive results of thanatologic sciences since the first decades of 20. century and multivarious practical knowledge in clinical thanatology are discussed--relating to the central problem of understanding different forms of "realisation of death". Possibilities of thanatologic information, forms of dialogue, communicative engagement and self-attitude in care-situations are critically conferred--this even in regard to mourning, grief and sorrow of the bereaved. The confrontation of thanatologic data in short-time illness until death to autopathothanatobiographic insights in long-time illness until death seems comparable in respect to relations between present clinical findings and anamnestic data. Awareness of approaching death seems not seldom due to "presentiment", averbal-communicative "preinformation" or impressions in face to progressive illness without successful therapy. Not only this is to think over in treatment and care, but also some new thanatologic experiences of the last years--for instance in respect to the question of timing, various circumstances and possible forms of informations and clearing up. Apart from individual forms of "living until death" there are certain pithy types in awareness, feeling, thinking, exposition or attitude. Some autobiographic, diaristic or epi-stulographic dates to long-time illness until death are characterized by striking limited possibilities of self-description and verbalization in situations of vital-existential distress. Silent suffering can be caused by loss of possibility in verbalization. Autothanatobiographic insights and experiences in thanatologic praxis in long-time illness until death lead to more differentiated insights than short-time illness until death--especially in respect of changing and contrary courses. Insight "evidences" of life continuities in the face of danger of death, changes in awareness of time, intensifications in intensities of perception, of feelings of the own life and changes in perception of the own ill organism, just as intensivation of partnership-relations ("synchronisation") can pass in the foreground. The last seems especially evident in special forms of "partnerautobiography" with alternating informations of the two. This illustrates the "two-sided aspect of death" death as a "dyadic event" (A. Toynbee), which is an important view relating to care of bereaved with changes in personal identity and awareness of time. Processes of dying and reactions of bereaved are integrated in complex anthropologic, psychologic, psychosociologic and psychosomatic factors. Certainly it is not possible such catastrophic incidents merely to interpret in psychoanalytic categories.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMed1990

[Physical and psychological traumatism. Dialectic of singular tragedy and biology].

A good clinical assessment and a strict hospital's organization characterized essentially by the best climate of cooperation between the different departments permits now to control and to prevent some surgical sequelae. For a long time (approximately the 50's) generalists physicians, psychiatrists, behaviourists, have been limited in diagnosis and treatment afterwards. They could not take preventive measures, because the lack or insufficient acknowledge about this area. In fact, every surgical intervention implies psychic and existential, acute or long term disorders. A briefly summarized clinical case illustrate principles for the practice. The preventive approach of the post-surgical psychic troubles concern a lot of elements related to the patient's environement: social interactions, technic cares, types of drugs, style of relation between the specialized teams and patient, social and professional support and so on... The events, even the apparently minor, have to be enough mastered into the resuscitation's setting. The most important trouble is the "post-traumatic stress disorder" (cf D.S.M. III R), or (in the european traduction) a "névrose traumatique". It is a stress or illness of the whole existence, especially in the case of delayed subtype. The authors emphasize the notion of "second traumatism", often withdrived from social, familial and medical supports.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A study of suicidal tendencies in adolescents in the secondary level].

A study carried out among 2,850 Québec adolescents, aged 12 to 18 and coming from four high schools in the Trois-Rivières area, shows that 15.4% of them admit to having seriously thought of committing suicide. These teenagers are at different stages of the suicidal process. Hence, 4% admit to nurturing serious thoughts about suicide: 7.9% say they are at the planning stages and 3.5% have actually attempted suicide. The characteristics of the families involved are fairly the same for all categories of suicidal tendencies. However, the fathers of the youth who have made attempts have less schooling than the father of the other teens with suicidal tendencies. Furthermore, the adolescents who have attempted suicide report a greater number of events that are key to their suicidal thoughts. The persistence of suicidal thoughts, the depressive state, the feelings of an existential void and the despair all grow in function of the seriousness of suicidal tendencies. These affective-type variables best distinguish the different categories of suicidal tendencies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[To be or not to be].

It's all about life in an intensive care unit. Of course, there is an organic aspect of life, the maintenance of which relies on a knowledge. Playing with a human being, life relies also on a psychological aspect and the temptation is great to answer the problematical by knowledge as well. But such an attitude would be most inoperative. It could only serve the therapeutist in economizing his own psychological engagement in the relation with the patient. In the confrontation between patient and therapeutist, isn't it rather a question of existential work between two protagonists during which the patient would be fighting for the maintenance or the restitution of his own person, while the therapeutist tries to maintain his.

Critical Care↗
PubMed1990

[Psychological management in critical care units. History of a long way].

Some concepts of the General Systems Theory issued from the Social Sciences are used by Liaison psychiatrist and psychologist in the Intensive Care Unit. Human system, interaction process and circular causality, all concepts from the Systemic approach, are useful in order to describe and analyse both vital and existential crisis situation of the patient. As an expansion of the therapeutic context, the relationship among the patient, the family and the medical team are defined in terms of a partnership instead of a power conflict. Then, attention is focused on the distress resulting from these stressful situations, influenced by the "pangs of death". Emphasizing the importance and the role of anxiety allows to recognize a place for it and to offer to everybody an opportunity to talk about it. Finally, the psychotherapeutic function can be defined as the creation of a place given to the person as a Subject, based on the recognition of the fundamental misunderstanding of human illness.

Anxiety↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The fate of patients with occupational skin diseases].

The experts judgment on an occupational dermatosis is of existential character for those concerned. The results of such decisions were examined in 100 patients 4-5 years later trough interviews and documents of the professional associations. The reactions were as follows: change of occupations (n = 42, including 18 retrainees), change of job within company/business (n = 34), quitting job/occupation (n = 11), remaining on the job (n = 12). At the time of questioning were half of the retrainees unemployed; loss of income was present in other groups, the loss was lowest in those changing occupations without retraining and highest in those prematurely pensioned. The condition of the skin was best in retrainees, of which 2/3 were unemployed, and worst in those prematurely pensioned. The examination concludes, that at the time of initiation of the occupational dermatosis process by the doctor, the keeping of the workplace must be more critically considered. Some practical guidelines are given.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Keeping secrets: social workers and AIDS.

The current epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) poses major ethical issues for the profession of social work, as it does for the rest of society. Although social work clearly is establishing a body of literature about the psychosocial issues surrounding AIDS, much less attention has been paid to the particular moral problems that social workers face in their day-to-day practices with people with AIDS. To begin to examine the most relevant and salient moral problems that social workers experience in their practices, 16 social workers were interviewed. The dominant moral theme that was identified was secrecy. The theme of secrecy is analyzed according to four dimensions: (1) ethical, (2) technical, (3) behavioral, and (4) existential. The clarification and justification of the use of secrecy in social work practice with people with AIDS is discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

[Too much or not enough in dementia].

Inside the silence with demented subjects, they suddenly name or design a present reality; they are attesting the quality of an object or its place inside space. Variable forces are always stated in an impersonal way. Nothing is announcing this testimony, nothing seems to justify it. It does not concern personal life at it's present time, does not state any promise for future, does not refer to any former times. The subject is creating the object: he says and it was. This disclosure is strictly related to prophecy which is choosing its material in the profane and ordinary language. We might be talking about inspiration, due to the fact that these revelations are appealing to an existential answer. We sometimes still have to do with such ways of thinking when they are remembering something and their sentences are relating to established facts: we are in present and past, punctual instant resuming, containing, anticipating all the others and cancelling them at the same time. It's not a question of souvenirs any more. The particular aspect of that language is more relating to onirism.

Cognition Disorders↗
PubMed1989

Male abuse of a married or cohabiting female partner: the application of sociological theory to research findings.

Does women abuse vary with marital status and, if so, why? The primary objectives of this article are to answer these two questions. A review of research findings indicates that men are more likely to beat women they live with than those they have married. The theoretical accounts of Goode and Gelles are used as a starting point for an explanation of this finding. Implicated in this explanation are social factors operating at the level of society (group memberships), a disjunction between patriarchal societal norms and their existential basis in households (employment patterns), relational norms (ambiguity and flexibility), and social and economic costs. These variables influence woman abuse differentials by either increasing the amount of strain/stress or decreasing the likelihood of effective social regulation.

Female↗
PubMed1989

A psychotherapeutic approach to treatment of a population at high risk for alcoholism: adult children of alcoholics.

It is estimated that there are between 25 and 28 million children of alcoholic parent(s) in the United States today. These individuals are at high risk for development of intrapsychic, interpersonal, and behavioural disorder, ie, developing alcoholism (40-60 per cent), becoming involved with an alcoholic (co-alcoholism), feeling a consistent sense of personal inadequacy or an inability to develop satisfying mutually supportive relationships. Major cognitive and emotional deficits appear to exist. Adult children of alcoholics who often experience many years of less-than-fruitful therapy report better results when alcoholic family issues have been adequately addressed. Developmental, existential and systems approaches may be well utilized, as well as non-verbal modalities, in treatment of adult children of alcoholics. Assessment, diagnosis and treatment issues particular to this population will be discussed as well as methods of working with specific barriers exhibited by children of alcoholics in the therapy setting. Implications of treatment will be discussed in relation to primary alcoholism prevention, relapse prevention and the effectiveness of alcoholism treatment programme staff.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The psychoprophylactic importance of treatment with depot neuroleptics in schizophrenia].

The authors refer to the analysis of a sample of 104 schizophrenic inpatients treated with depot neuroleptics. The study relates to the duration of the illness, the number of admissions, social and professional integration and the patient's and family attitude to the long term treatment. The analysis and the interpretation of the data allow the estimation of the efficiency of the depot neuroleptics in outpatient schizophrenia reflected by social integration, the prophylaxis of recurrences and severe developments, the stabilization of symptoms and shortening of hospitalization span. The psychoprophylactic significances of the treatment with depot neuroleptics in schizophrenia confirms chemical correlations with pharmacological data and brings into relief the unsubstituting value of the fashion of psychoprophylactic and recovering care delivery on the background of existential relationships.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Systematic approach to the evaluation of the role of neuro-psychological factors in the development and course of bronchial asthma].

The role of personality and socio-psychological factors in the initiation and course of bronchial asthma are analyzed from a systemic psychogenic-existential point of view. In this context, the meaning of personality subsystems (perception, individual psychological defences, cognition, emotional reactivity, behavior) and peculiarities of microsocial environment (group/family myths, structural and functional group characteristics) are discussed. High effectiveness of Family Psychotherapy and Gestalt Therapy in the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma is pointed out.

Asthma↗
PubMed1989

[The anthropological phenomenon of strangeness in psychotherapy].

Strangeness is conceived as an existential phenomenon, by which a perception is antithetical facing the perceptions hitherto, and incomparable as well concerning the present imaginations. In order to perceive strangeness, it requires to face an interpersonal encounter. It is the essence of strangeness that the encounter, which usually compensates the lack of experiences, is not compensated in a perception as strangeness. Strangeness as a perception does not compensate the lack of experiences by means of the present imaginations. Strangeness is not conceivable out of its own. Strangeness requires the precondition of active daring towards an interpersonal encounter, which promotes the appearance of the absolutely unexpected in form of an intrusion. Such as a psychic achievement of separation. This will be illustrated by the incestuous coping of the hero, as a typical involvement in strangeness. Finally perversion will be mentioned, as an absolute impairment concerning the perception of strangeness. Two case-reports are presented.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

An interpretive study describing the clinical judgment of nurse practitioners.

Devaluation of nursing practice by both practicing nurses and nurse educators is giving way to keen interest in clinical scholarship. A naturalistic study was conducted to provide a contextual account of the actual practice of experienced nurse practitioners. Data collection procedures consisted of clinical situation interviews with nurse practitioner pairs, participant observation of patient visits to nurse practitioners in four hospital-based ambulatory settings, individual interviews with nurse practitioners, and administration of a brief demographic questionnaire. The 199 clinical situations that constituted the resulting text were analyzed using phenomenological and existential perspectives. The clinical judgment of experienced nurse practitioners is described through interpretive analysis of the text according to the dictates of hermeneutical phenomenology. This methodology provides a way of describing and communicating the knowledge that develops among experienced practitioners and their patients. Text interpretation also produced an adaptation of Benner's (1984a) domains and competencies specifically for nurse practitioner practice, which may be useful as a conceptual framework for nurse practitioner practice, education, and research.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗