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PubMed2006

What physicians can do about the tobacco problem: best practice interventions for your practice and office.

This article is the first in a series of four providing up-to-date information about the tobacco problem and how physicians can effectively intervene. Three of the four articles are accredited for free continuing medical education (CME) credit for physicians. The CME credit is being provided free of charge by Nemours via the Web site www.pedseducation.org. Physicians may obtain credit by logging on to this site, registering, and completing the post-test and evaluation materials. This article reviews the best evidence-based approaches for tobacco intervention in the busy office. It discusses the implementation of the following components of a tobacco-control program to effectively and efficiently address the tobacco problem: 1) physician counseling to promote smoking cessation, 2) strategies to promote abstinence from smoking, 3) strategies to minimize environmental tobacco smoke exposure, 4) strategies to encourage tobacco use cessation, and 5) office-based interventions. By reading the article and completing the post-test, it is anticipated that the following learning objectives will be met: 1) physicians will become familiar with best practice interventions for tobacco counseling and limiting secondhand smoke exposure, and 2) physicians will become familiar with office based strategies to promote a strong anti-smoking message.

Counseling↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical immersion: a residency model for nursing education.

The education of future generations of nurses is in need of philosophic and programmatic transformation in keeping with the rapidly changing health care delivery system. The Nurse Residency Model is one baccalaureate nursing program's response to calls for reform. Rooted in a spirit of collegiality and lifelong learning, the three facets of its philosophy include enhanced socialization, improved transition to practice, and increased student accountability. Students gain increased competency and demonstrate increased accountability with each progressive semester in the program, which culminates in clinical immersion in the senior year. Unique programmatic features of this model include field experiences, the simulation lab, and a work requirement. Additional benefits include resource efficiency and patient safety. Implementation remains an ongoing process. Outcome indicators are expected to yield valuable data on which to develop an evidence base in support of the model.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Christiana reduces surgical site infections with antimicrobial prophylaxis protocol.

Christiana Care Health System is one of a growing number of hospital organizations to join a national effort to reduce surgical site infections (SSIs), a preventable medical error that kills an estimated 15,000 patients annually. By implementing process improvements to reduce SSIs, hospitals also could save up to dollars 50,000 per patient who develop infections.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed2006

Utilization of the office, hospital and emergency department for adult sickle cell patients: a five-year study.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hematological disorder that is manifested primarily by severe pain and chronic organ damage. Little normative data exists on what the usual healthcare utilization is of a population of SCD patients, especially adults. Our study analyzed the office, emergency department (ED) and hospital use data for 142 patients who received care for three consecutive years. Relationships between health service use, patient age, gender and sickle cell phenotype were described. Multivariate analyses studied relationships between demographic and clinical characteristics and levels of office, independent ED and inpatient encounters over a five-year period (1997-2001). We found female patients were older and had less ED and hospital admissions. The 20% highest inpatient utilizers accounted for 54% of the ED total visits, 52% of the ED independent visits, 54% of hospital bed days and 24% of office visits. The ED was a common place for utilization, with a mean of 7.4 visits per patient year, a third of which resulted in a hospital admission. The healthcare utilization of our adult sickle cell population is very complex, with a subset of our patients accounting for a majority of the resources used and female patients living longer but with less ED and hospital admissions.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Cancer risk assessment and genetics at the Helen F. Graham Cancer Center: model for personalized medicine and early intervention.

This article discusses cancer risk assessment, screening options, referral guidelines, and the experience of the Familial Risk Assessment Program at the Helen F. Graham Cancer Center. Two clinical situations are described that illustrate the impact of genetics in the multidisciplinary approach to managing cancer. Identifying risk level in patients will impact mortality in those at high risk, as well as psychosocial well-being in those at low risk.

Adult↗