Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Deinstitutionalization”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,387 records · Page 77Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Perspectives of people with learning difficulties on relocation and community care.

Steady progress is being made in the UK in the deinstitutionalisation of services for people with learning difficulties. Growing numbers are moving out of long-stay hospitals and hostels into less restrictive settings. But so far little is know about how they respond to the way these policies are changing their lives. This paper presents the views of movers who were interviewed using an innovative 'visual game' technique as they went through the process of relocation. Based on findings from a longitudinal research evaluation of a local community care programme, the paper describes the methods used and discusses the choices and preferences of the movers. The implications for policymakers are clear. People with learning difficulties can make perfectly sensible, consistent and illuminating comments on their experiences, and favour options and environments that maximise their independence. The evidence from this study suggests that the policy of relocating people from hospitals and developing community alternatives to institutional living is entirely in keeping with the wishes of the users themselves.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1991

Relocation and the characteristics of hospital and hostel regimes.

Drawing on evidence from a research evaluation of a local community care programme, this paper explores whether relocation from a British National Health Service mental handicap hospital into local authority hostels (supervised residential facilities) brought about a qualitative change in the residential environment of movers towards less restrictive management practices and caring routines, more responsive attitudes towards their rights and needs as individuals, and greater control over their own lives. The conclusions point to the existence of a substantial measure of overlap in the fundamental characteristics of the hospital and hostel regimes.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1995

Changes in the quality of life of people with learning disabilities who moved from hospital to live in community-based homes.

This paper describes a longitudinal study of the change in quality of life experienced by 36 residents of community-based homes after leaving a hospital for people with learning disabilities. The measure used to evaluate quality of life was Living in a Supervised Home: A Questionnaire on Quality of Life (Cragg and Harrison, 1986). The questionnaire was completed before and after the study group left the hospital. The analyses of the scale shows that there has been a considerable improvement in the quality of life of people who have moved from hospital to community-based homes. Specific data are presented from quality of life sub-scales relating to the use of community facilities and contact with other members of the community.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

Attitudes of community-living staff toward the integration of persons with mental retardation in the community.

The present study was conducted to determine the extent to which the current philosophical approach of inclusion and integration in the community of persons with mental retardation is embodied in the attitudes of staff members who are charged with implementing it. The research sample was comprised of 106 staff members who work in three major geographical districts of community-living settings in Israel. Overall, the results suggest that a true understanding of and agreement with this philosophy is far from being achieved. The findings of this study provide evidence that staff members charged with providing services and support to persons with mental retardation have not fully adopted the attitudes of the community-living approach. Findings are interpreted in relation to practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Changes in life style following mental hospitalization.

The life situations of discharged mental hospital patients were examined by comparing living arrangements, employment, financial support, and role functioning before and after hospitalization for a sample of patients released from three state mental hospitals. Results indicate significant negative change for both males and females. These negative consequences seemed to be most often due to loss of employment and the accompanying decrease in financial support. Three possible explanations for the findings are discussed:a)effects of the hospitalization;b)effects of the psychiatric illness; or c) prior role socialization and competence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The epidemiology of treatment for chronic and nonchronic mental disorders.

To estimate the annual treated incidence and prevalence of chronic and nonchronic mental disorders, data from the Monroe County Psychiatric Register were analyzed. Patients were classified as either chronic or nonchronic based upon their utilization of inpatient psychiatric treatment. A chronic illness was defined as one requiring at least three psychiatric hospitalizations or at least 365 inpatient days during a 5-year follow-up period. Based upon this definition, the annual treated incidence of chronic mental disorders did not change significantly between 1964-65 (.47/1000) and 1969-70 (.41/1000), unlike the annual treated incidence of nonchronic disorders, which rose by 37 per cent (p less than .001). The annual treated prevalence of chronic mental disorders also remained unchanged at approximately .6 per cent between 1965 and 1970, but the treated prevalence of nonchronic mental disorders rose by 43 per cent from 1.4 per cent in 1965 to 1.9 per cent in 1970 (p less than .01). These increases in treatment for nonchronic disorders coincided with the development of community mental health centers. The rates of chronicity and peak ages of treatment varied considerably across diagnostic groups. Approximately one fifth of new cases of organic brain disorders, schizophrenia, and alcohol disorders became chronic according to our definition during the first 5 years after illness onset, compared to only 9 to 11 per cent of cases of major affective disorders and less than 2 per cent of all other disorders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Surviving without the asylum. An overview of the studies on the Italian reform movement.

In 1978, Italian Public Law No. 180 abandoned the mental hospital. This historic reform has generated considerable debate in Europe and the United States. Many critiques have forecasted catastrophic results; others have been extremely optimistic. However, few analyses have been based upon empirical research. This review summarizes all of the major empirical investigations evaluating the reform's outcome. The data support the conclusion that Italian society has successfully generated a psychiatric system without asylums. However, although psychiatrically disabled patients have been successfully shifted to community services, more effort is necessary in Italy to extend the reform to resource-poor regions as well as to the most debilitated patient groups.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1981

The determinants of average daily census in public mental hospitals: a simultaneous model.

Increasing effort and resources are being devoted to reducing the reliance on state institutions for the mentally ill. Little empirical support is available for many of the proposed policies. In this article we construct and estimate a model based on the assertion that rates of institutionalization in public mental hospitals are dependent upon the availability of alternative treatment facilities, the legal environment, the prevalence of mental illness and the cost of care. A two-equation model is estimated using pooled cross-sectional state data for 1974 and 1975. The results show a significant correlation between rates of public mental hospital average daily census and expenditures per patient day, certain aspects of commitment statutes and the presence of Community Mental Health Center and alcoholic halfway-house beds.

Community Mental Health Centers↗