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PubMed1995

[Preliminary assessment of the effect of disinfectants on skin changes in health service workers].

During a five-year period (1 Jan. 1989 and 31 Oct. 1994) epidermal tests with disinfectants (formalin, sterinol, lysoformin, aldesan, septyl, chloramine, lysol, chlorhexidine) and their components (glutaraldehyd, phenol, hydroquinone) were performed on 322 health service workers examined at the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine due to suspected occupational dermatitis. It was found that 89 (27.6%) subjects examined were oversensitive, at least, to one disinfectant, mostly to formalin, sterinol (benzalkonium bromide), lysoformin and chloramine. Frequent occurrence of allergy to metals (nickel, cobalt, chromium, mercury) was observed in persons oversensitive to disinfectants.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Efficacy and contamination of in-use disinfectants in Rajavithi General Hospital.

Quality testing of disinfectant in-use in Rajavithi General Hospital was conducted to evaluate the germicidal activity and contamination. Two hundred and thirty-four samples of 4 commonly used disinfectants in operating rooms, labour rooms and the surgical intensive care unit were studied. Results showed that 2 of 126 samples of chlorhexidine/cetrimide 1:100 dilution were contaminated by P.maltophilia and A.xylosoxidans and failed the in-use test. One of 34 samples of phenolics yielded A.lowffii. Two of 16 hypochlorite 0.05% grew E.cloacae, Enterobacter spp., A.calcoaceticus and Pseudomonas spp. Forty-six samples of 1:500 and 1:100 of quaternary ammonium compound, and 12 samples of 1% hypochlorite were not contaminated. Bacterial contamination and failure to kill bacteria by disinfectants reflected improper preparation and use of these solutions. Periodic quality testing is clearly indicated.

Disinfectants↗
PubMed1995

[Survey of using conditions of sterilized and non-sterilized disinfectants in Kyushu University Hospital].

We surveyed the using conditions of sterilized and non-sterilized disinfectants in Kyushu University Hospital by questionnaires and direct hearing. The kinds and concentrations of disinfectants used were generally proper for their respective purposes. However, there were also some inappropriate cases, such as the cleansing of mucosal membranes with chlorhexidine (Hibitane) gluconate and uses of the concentrations different from those described in the package insert. The present survey was very useful for proper uses of disinfectants.

Disinfectants↗
PubMed1994

[Synergism of the combination of enzymes or surfactants and a phenolic disinfectant on a bacterial biofilm].

Disrupting bacterial biofilms is necessary for a wide application domains such as reusable medical devices, or systems of pipes for water or fluids in cosmetics, food and chemicals industry. Bacterial cells embedded in a biofilm are less susceptible to disinfectants than suspended cells. This property is referable to the structure of the biofilm itself. The gangue of exopolymers and the thickness of a 5-day-old biofilm of Escherichia coli (more than 200 layers of bacteria), contribute to this decrease of susceptibility. The present work deals with the release of an Escherichia coli biofilm by the sequential action of enzymes and a phenolic disinfectant on the one hand, and by the sequential or simultaneous action of surfactants and the previous disinfectant on the other hand. The decrease of bacteria count per mm2 and the Scanning Electron Microscope observations exhibited a synergic action in every case. Nevertheless, Escherichia coli biofilms quickly reconstructed even after exposition to the previous treatment.

Biofilms↗
PubMed1995

Conventional cleaning and disinfection techniques eliminate the risk of endoscopic transmission of Helicobacter pylori.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether endoscopes serve as a reservoir for Helicobacter pylori and whether two commonly used cleaning and disinfection methods eliminate the risk of H. pylori transmission. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out in 107 patients who were undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for routine clinical indications. H. pylori DNA was assayed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of endoscope washes before and after procedure, in gastric aspirates and in endoscope washes after cleaning and disinfection of endoscopes. Gastric biopsies were assayed by rapid urease test (CLOtest, Tri-Med Specialties Inc., Lenexa, KS) of two antral biopsies. RESULTS: Forty-one of 107 (38%) patients were H. pylori-positive by PCR. Endoscopes were contaminated after 25 of 41 (61%) H. pylori-positive procedures. However, 107 of 107 pre-endoscopy and postcleaning aspirates were negative, indicating that decontamination was 100% effective. The urease test was positive in 25 of 41 H. pylori-positive patients, a sensitivity of 61%. PCR was positive in 41 of 41 H. pylori-positive patients, a sensitivity of 100%. In 5 of 16 PCR-positive/urease-negative patients, the identification of H. pylori was clinically relevant. CONCLUSION: Endoscopes are frequently contaminated with H. pylori after endoscopy in H. pylori-infected patients, but conventional cleaning and disinfection techniques are highly effective in eliminating H. pylori. When appropriate negative control samples are obtained from the endoscope, PCR of endoscopic gastric aspirates appears to be a sensitive test that can detect clinically relevant H. pylori infection that is missed when only a rapid urease test is used.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Preoperative hand disinfection].

At Telemark Central Hospital we decided to change the procedure for preoperative disinfection of the hands in order to improve antimicrobial efficacy and to minimize skin problems for the personnel. Previously, preoperative disinfection of hands was performed by scrubbing the hand with a detergent containing chlorohexidine (Hibiscrub) which often caused dryness, fissures and dermatitis. In the recent years it has been amply shown that alcoholic solutions have a very good and immediate antibacterial effect on the skin flora, while chlorohexidine has a prolonged effect. In this paper we describe our new procedures for preoperative disinfection of hands and the necessary planning and preparation we undertook to obtain acceptance for these procedures among the personnel.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1994

[Responsibilities of UV facilities and monitoring of UV disinfection from the viewpoint of the public health authority].

Extensive studies carried out for long years have shown that UV disinfection of drinking water is fundamentally a well-founded alternative to chlorination. The article states the prerequisites for installing a UV disinfection plant. Authorities responsible for checking on such plant must insists on the need for ascertaining whether the appropriate type has been selected and they must also insists on periodic controls of built-in reactors. In consequence there of Public Health authorities must shoulder advisory and controlling responsibilities. Other possible uses of UV disinfection plant are pointed out.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMed1975

[Comparative study of four national disinfectant testing techniques (author's transl)].

Four methods for the evaluation of the bactericidal property of disinfectants have been compared. These methods are (1) the qualitative suspension test of the directives for the testing of disinfectants of the German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology, (2) the quantitative suspension test of the dutch committee on phytopharmacy, (3) the carrier or use-dilution method of the A.O.A.C. and (4) the KELSEY and SYKES' capacity test. Aim of this study has been the evaluation of (1) the repeatability and reproducibility of the test results of the four methods, and of (2) the agreement of the degree of efficiency as determined by the different techniques. At least three dilutions of the three disinfectant standards (a phenolic, an aldehyde solution and an iodophore) have been tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginoas. In this article the authors describe the methods used and the specific difficulties of these techniques. In the suspension technique of the DGHM, the use of only one subculture is stated as not sufficient for exact evaluation of the extinction. In the dutch suspension test, the use of pour plates leads to troubles. The preparative incubation time of the use-dilution method of the A.O.A.C. has been experienced as too long. The structure of the KELSEY and SYKES' test is complicated. Also the results by the two research-teams, are reported and summarized. It has been found that the transition from active to inactive dilution is most marked in the two suspension tests, whereas the distinction between the results of the use-dilution method of the A.O.A.C. is not so clear.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1994

The effects of soft contact lens disinfection solutions on rabbit corneal epithelium.

This investigation compared the effects of three commercial soft contact lens solutions on the rabbit corneal epithelium. Fifteen rabbits wore lenses soaked in ReNu multi-purpose disinfecting solution, Opti-Free rinsing, disinfecting and storage solution, and neutralized AOSEPT for a period of 30 minutes. Control eyes wore lenses soaked in unpreserved saline for the same time period. Corneas were photographed by scanning electron microscopy and graded in random locations across the corneal surface. Slides of these photographs were projected at a magnification of x3000 and graded according to two scales by an observer unaware of the treatment used. The results showed a significant treatment effect, with all three experimental solutions scoring higher than controls. When the three experimental solutions were compared, corneas exposed to ReNu multi-purpose disinfecting solution showed a significantly increased effect by contingency table analysis of data from the adapted Burstein's scale.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Influence of geometrical parameters in different irradiation vessels on UV disinfection rate.

Possible differences in the disinfection rate of two irradiation concepts, e.g. irradiation in cuvettes and petri dishes, were examined and quantified on a UV laboratory irradiation plant unit. In addition the geometrical parameters of the irradiation vessels and mixing of the bacterial suspension during UV irradiation were considered. The results showed differences in disinfection rates of more than 2 log between different sample areas in the vessels. The mixing caused an improvement of the disinfection rates in unfavourable irradiation areas of the cuvettes and in contrast a deterioration in all irradiation areas in the petri dishes.

Disinfection↗
PubMed1995

[Disinfection of wood in mushroom growing cellars with Mycetox].

Since the use od phenolic disinfectants for impregnating and disinfecting of wood in mushroom--growing cellars was banned in Poland for ecologic and hygienic reasons, the new product, namely Mycetox, containing quaternary ammonium compound and boric acid has been registered for this purpose. Mycetox belongs to new generation products and is non toxic for man and the environment. It is first Polish product developed for the general disinfection as well as for impregnating purposes in mushroom farms. The efficacy of Mycetox in mushroom-growing cellars has been evaluated basing on its fungicidal properties in the different substrates used for the cultivation of mushrooms. Also its influence on mushroom spawn growth, crop yield, and the penetration of spawn into wooden cages impregnated with Mycetox as well as its influence on blanching of mushrooms has been investigated.

Agaricus↗
PubMed1993

Disinfectant effects of "Taisalite" and "Taifresh Ace" containing Irgasan DP300 against MRSA and HIV.

Sterilization and disinfection in dental clinics and laboratories are important in controlling disease vectors such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We determined the inactivation of disinfectant effects of "Taisalite" and "Taifresh Ace" containing Irgasan DP300 on MRSA, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans, and HIV. Exposure for 10 seconds to 50% or 5% Taisalite solution inactivated HIV completely. HIV was also completely inactivated by 10 minutes of exposure to 50% or 5% of Taifresh Ace solution. Taisalite possessed strong bactericidal activity against S. pyogenes and MRSA. C. albicans was resistant to 10 to 30 second exposures to Taisalite. MRSA and C. albicans were killed completely by exposure to 90% Taifresh Ace solution for 10 minutes. S. pyogenes was not highly sensitive to Taifresh Ace. The present study showed that Irgasan DP300 containing Taisalite is an excellent disinfectant against HIV and MRSA and that Taifresh Ace is a useful detergent against these micro-organisms.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1995

[Experimental test of the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of six disinfectants for Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) of six chosen disinfectants against pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested by the tubular liquid double dilution method. Results showed that 0.06% Chang Kou Jing and 1.5% Supertime are fairly good disinfectants against pseudomonas aeruginosa in infected wound surfaces, postoperative wound dressing, disinfection of surgeons' arms and hands before operation, sterilization of instruments and scrub medical workers' hands after contact with infected patients. The MIC and MBC of the former were 7.5 micrograms/ml and 30.0 micrograms/ml separately, while those of the latter were 11.7 micrograms/ml and 93 micrograms/ml respectively.

Disinfectants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Investigation of bacterial resistance to hatchery disinfectants.

Three commercial chicken hatcheries were sampled for environmental bacteria. Isolated bacteria were tested for resistance to commercial preparations of quaternary ammonia, phenolic, and glutaraldehyde liquid disinfectants. Bacterial isolates were exposed to several disinfectant dilutions bracketing the dilutions recommended by the manufacturer for 5-, 10-, and 15-min exposure periods before subculturing to broth medium. Approximately 8% of the isolates from two of three hatcheries were resistant to disinfectant concentrations at and above the manufacturers recommended dilution and time of exposure. Resistant bacteria included Serratia marcescens, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus badius, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas stutzeri, and Enterobacter agglomerans.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies of contamination of three broiler breeder houses with Salmonella enteritidis before and after cleansing and disinfection.

Three broiler breeder houses on three different sites were sampled before and after cleansing and disinfection. None of the farms achieved total elimination of Salmonella enteritidis from the poultry house environment but substantial improvements were seen when errors in the cleansing and disinfection protocol in the first house had been corrected. Fundamental errors such as over-dilution and inconsistent application of disinfectants were observed despite supervision of the process by technical advisors. In each of the three poultry units failure to eliminate a mouse population that was infected with S. enteritidis was likely to be the most important hazard for the next flock.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1977

Chlorine residues in farm milk following the use of two disinfectants of different solubilities.

The incidence of chlorine residues in milk derived from two kinds of chlorine-based disinfectants of differing solubilities was investigated by Wode's test in a total of 420 samples from 30 dairy farms using milk tanks in December 1976 and January 1977. The less soluble of the two disinfectants caused a positive reaction for free chlorine in 4.29 per cent and a weakly positive reaction in 20 per cent of the 210 samples tested. The readily soluble disinfectant caused a weakly positive reaction only, in 3.33 per cent of the samples tested. The difference was statistically significant. In cases where Wode's test gave a positive or a weakly positive reaction, the identification test for antibiotics and chemotherapeutics was made by agar diffusion tests. The results showed that chlorine residues in milk cause small inhibition zones.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of actual and recommended ENT endoscope disinfection practices, by geographical regions in the United States.

Endoscopy of the aerodigestive tract, a commonly performed procedure in ENT practice, is not without risk of disease transmission. Review of the nursing literature reveals concern regarding endoscopy of the GI tract, but little has been published regarding disease transmission from ENT endoscopy. The ENT nursing literature does not offer specific practice guidelines for high level disinfection (HLD) of ENT endoscopes. This lack of practice guidelines and recognized confusion regarding clinical practice led to the need for a national survey of ENT nurses to examine what reprocessing practices are being performed. Questionnaires were sent to 150 nurse members of the Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Nurses (SOHN) to gather information about actual endoscope cleaning practices and whether there were any regional differences. Eighty completed forms were returned. The results were tabulated and compared to the AORN recommended method of achieving HLD by glutaraldehyde soak. Results indicate SOHN nurses use a variety of methods to clean and disinfect endoscopes; some nurses use methods not recommended for HLD; results do not demonstrate a universal understanding of the requirements to achieve HLD; regional differences were not obvious; and SOHN nurses may benefit from use of a professionally endorsed disinfection protocol.

Disinfection↗
PubMed1995

Effect of disinfectant on the dimensional stability, compressive strength and hardness on dental stone.

In this investigation it was planned to study the effect of disinfection time on the dimensional stability, compressive strength and hardness of gypsum die materials. Measurements of specimens treated with disinfectant were compared with the corresponding measurements of control specimens. The results of this study indicated that there was no difference in the dimensional stability, compressive strength and hardness. Therefore using the disinfectants will not affect gypsum die material.

Calcium Sulfate↗