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PubMed1994

Preliminary evidence for an association between minor physical anomalies and second trimester neurodevelopment in schizophrenia.

Two types of markers, dermatoglyphics and minor physical anomalies, have been used as indicators of problems with fetal neurodevelopment in schizophrenia. The degree to which these markers overlap is not known. While it is agreed that abnormal dermatoglyphics reflect early second trimester maldevelopment, the timing of the development of minor physical anomalies has not been determined. Forty-six schizophrenic patients received assessments for minor physical anomalies, dermatoglyphics (right-left ridge count asymmetry and total finger ridge count), and information processing. Higher scores for minor physical anomalies were associated with greater dermatoglyphic asymmetry. Patients who had both types of indicators (high minor physical anomalies and dermatoglyphic asymmetry) did not differ on information-processing measures from patients who had neither. On the basis of the timing of dermatoglyphic development (weeks 14-22 of gestation), the association between minor physical anomalies and dermatoglyphic asymmetry suggests that the relatively high rate of minor physical anomalies observed in schizophrenia can be considered to reflect at least second trimester maldevelopment.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Screening for autosomal aberrations.

A method of screening for autosomal aberrations is important as an indication for chromosome analysis such as that used in sex-chromatin examination for sex chromosome aberrations. In our clinic, malformed patients with mental retardation and abnormal dermatoglyphic patterns are strong suspects for autosomal aberrations. Abnormal dermatoglyphic patterns are separated into two categories: (1) Absolutely abnormal--radial loop of 1st finger, radial loop of 4th finger, radial loop of 5th finger, arch over 6 fingers, arch tibial, loop tibial, and arch fibular; (2) Borderline abnormalities--high axial triradius (t' and t"), simian crease, interdigital loop, and single crease of 5th finger. Of 416 cases showing malformation, retardation, and abnormal dermatoglyphics, 308 had autosomal aberrations, while 108 had normal karyotypes. In the group with autosomal aberrations, 279 patients (90.6%) had absolutely abnormal dermatoglyphics. In the group with normal karyotypes only 8 patients (7.4%) had absolutely normal dermatoglyphics, while most had abnormal dermatoglyphics in the borderline category. These clinical manifestations: absolutely abnormal dermatoglyphics, mental retardation, and malformations are therefore very useful in screening for autosomal aberrations.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1995

Polymorphism of palmar main line terminations as an indicator of relationships among Sardinian linguistic groups of males.

Palmar main line modal types were used to calculate distance coefficients between Sardinian linguistic groups of males. By using correlation matrix analyses of the coefficients, we then determined whether or not the dermatoglyphic traits could reliably identify the biological relationships on the basis of the linguistic backgrounds of these groups. With Sanghvi's (X2)1/2 and by using palmar main lines both singly and together, we calculated dermatoglyphic distance matrices. Mantel tests of matrix correspondence showed that, by using C and D lines singly or all palmar main lines together, statistical significance between dermatoglyphic and linguistic distances can be obtained, even when the effect of geography is removed; there is no statistically significant correspondence between geographic and dermatoglyphic distance matrices, even when the effect of language is removed. Considering the historical and linguistic background, the results obtained by means of the Mantel test procedure, and the present dermatoglyphic differences in Sardinian linguistic groups of males, we can hypothesize that these groups were already genetically differentiated before the Romance languages and their respective dialects developed.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influences of chorion type on measurements of the corpus callosum in adult monozygotic male twins?

MRI imaging was used to estimate volumes of corpus callosum structure in 45 pairs of identical (monozygotic, MZ) twins from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) twin study. Age range of the study subjects was from 68-78 years. Finger, palm, and footprint data (dermatoglyphics) collected at previous examinations of the NHLBI twin study were available for 39 pairs. The dermatoglyphics were scored for an index to retrospectively assess chorion type in MZ twin-pairs. The results indicated an association between variability in various structures of the corpus callosum with some of these dermatoglyphic traits, suggesting greater structural variation within pairs with dichorionic placentas. In contrast, total intracranial volume, which has similar heritability estimates as a result of shared genetic effects with the corpus callosum, was unrelated to the dermatoglyphic traits. The results provide indirect evidence that the intrauterine environment may influence twin-pair similarity of corpus callosum measures in adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Relationships of epidermal ridge patterns with body measurements and their possible evolutionary significance.

It is commonly believed that in humans epidermal ridge patterns are in regression relative to nonhuman primates, and they play no role in adaptive processes. In contrast with this we have found relationships between anthropometric and dermatoglyphic measurements in a sample of 61 normal males. Anthropometric variables included limb, trunk, head, and face measures. Dermatoglyphic variables included finger ridge counts and pattern intensities and ridge breadth in the palmar interdigital area II. The strongest relationship is between the type and size of pattern on the thumb and the breadth of ridges, and wrist width, which accounts for nearly 30% of the total variance in these traits. These findings identify previously unknown sources of variation in dermatoglyphic patterns and indicate that the dermatoglyphic-anthropometric relationships might have resulted from selection pressures in evolution of modern man.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1994

Palmar and plantar pads and flexion creases of the rat (Rattus norvegicus).

The recent detection of dermal ridge configurations on the volar pads of the rat (Rattus norvegicus) has created opportunities for experimental studies of dermatoglyphics. In the present work, the palmar and plantar surfaces of the rat were studied to establish the feasibility of comparative rat and human dermatoglyphic investigations. The studied features included the volar pads and flexion creases. The number and location of the palmar and plantar pads in the rat were found to be similar to those of humans. The exception was a previously unrecognized small pad on the palms and soles of the rat, located on the radial and tibial side, respectively, of the proximal component of the first interdigital pad. This pad has no parallel in human embryos. Rats were found to have flexion creases in the non-pad areas between the neighboring pads, similar in location and appearance to those of humans. Unlike humans, however, rats also have boundary creases, separating the pad and non-pad areas. The marked similarities in the morphology of the volar areas between rats and humans make the rat ideally suitable for experimental studies of dermatoglyphics and flexion creases. Results of such studies should be applicable to human developmental dermatoglyphics, including those pertaining to medical disorders.

Animals↗