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At least 1,387 records · Page 77Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Soft-tissue injuries related to use of the computer keyboard. A clinical study of 53 severely injured persons.

We studied 53 disabled keyboard operators who complained of pain in the forearms, elbows, wrists, shoulders, and hands. Passive wrist flexion and dorsiflexion impairment to less than 70 degrees due to myofascial shortening associated with an increase in forearm muscle pain on palpation was a useful clinical indicator of injury. Isometric muscle testing was useful in detecting injury to specific muscles. Ligamentous hypermobility of finger joints (72%) and harmful inefficient keyboard styles (intrinsic ergonomic factors) were noted, videotaped, and analyzed. Changes in the workstation (extrinsic ergonomic factors) alone may not be adequate treatment. Individual intrinsic ergonomic factors must also be recognized, addressed, and corrected by a combination of physical therapy, conditioning, technique retraining, education, and counseling. A taxonomy of keyboard technique is proposed as an aid to recognizing potentially harmful postures.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The complexity of the information load, the functional status and the efficiency of operator activities].

Experimental data permit stating that in a wide range of functional state modelled pharmacologically with the use of aminazine, caffeine under conditions of a thrusting tempo of the work an increase in the volume of information presented has induced a decrease in speed, quality and productivity of operator's labour; an increase in tempo of information supply has led to a rise of speed and fall of information processing quality, changes in the labour productivity are subjects to the low of the optimum. It is shown that significance of the functional state for efficient operator's activity grows with complexity of the information load.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Pupillary response among VDU users in daylighted workplaces.

Daylighted workplaces can complicate the viewing of visual display unit (VDU) tasks. Incoming direct- and/or reflected-daylight components can distort surface luminance distributions in both the direct- and screen-reflected visual fields. Pupillary response to these sources moreover may differ significantly, for example, between window- and interior-exposures, affecting bilateral depth of field and accommodation. Accordingly, it is hypothesized that pupil diameter is a valid ergonomic indicator of visual comfort for viewing targets at workplaces with varying daylighting exposures. This hypothesis is tested by measuring the pupillary response of four VDU users, each while viewing three targets at each of six different workplaces in a daylighted room. An iriscorder is used to record pupil diameter independently for left and right eyes in response to keyboard, screen, and background-surround surface luminances. The significant differences in pupil diameter among the three targets at the six positions can be explained by the luminance differences rendered by the incoming daylight. On this basis, it is further hypothesized that smaller pupil diameters in response to a limited range of graduated luminances correspond to more comfortable viewing conditions. Provision of these viewing conditions hold implications for VDU workplace layout, work organization, and control of electric lighting and cooling loads.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of vestibular function by videonystagmoscopy.

Videonystagmoscopy has been used to subjectively observe the responses of the vestibular system in a population of patients with vestibular deficits. These results were compared with those of a control group of healthy, age-matched volunteers. The videonystagmoscopy device is made of one or two CCD cameras mounted on lightproof goggles, allowing a subjective observation of ocular movements on a video monitor. The eye movements, as well as the position of the head in space, can be recorded on videotape. The eyes are illuminated by infrared light emitting diodes placed on each side of the camera lens. The subjects are seated on a manually driven Barany chair. Subjects went through a protocol of passive roll head tilt on each side, followed by a slow, whole body rotation of 180 degrees amplitude, clockwise and counterclockwise, and then a head shaking test (HST). The eyes were subjectively observed, and we focussed on: torsional eye movements during head tilt, nystagmus when the rotation had stopped, and nystagmus induced by HST. With this simple and noninvasive examining procedure, screening of vestibular function at the bedside or during E.N.T. clinical investigations is possible.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed1995

[Emission of electromagnetic radiation from selected computer monitors].

The emission of electromagnetic fields from computer monitors was analysed. The data were compared with the permissible exposure level. EM radiation of chromatic monitors is higher than that of monochromatic ones. The radiation of magnetic fraction is insignificant. Both electric and magnetic fractions of EM radiation, 50 cm away from the monitor, are very low and do not exceed permissible values. It was observed that screen filters were effective in suppressing EM emission only at a short (up to 30 cm) distance from the monitor. At a distance of 50 cm they proved to be ineffective. Metallic-net filters were more effective than glass filters in suppressing EM radiation. It seems that EM fields generated by computer monitors are not harmful to computer operators if the distance is kept in safe limits.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed1995

Methods for assessing information needs of clinicians in ambulatory care.

Clinical information systems that provide physicians with relevant information at the time and place where decisions are being made can positively affect the quality and cost of health care. We have developed an assessment methodology to study clinicians' information needs in the context of the work flow and operational constraints of the ambulatory care practice environment. We employed a combination of methods, including observational studies, process flowcharting, semi-structured interviews, and surveys to comprehensively define clinicians' needs. Results from our study point to functional requirements not commonly found in hospital-based systems, such as access to problem lists and medications, computer-based support for health-care team communications, and patient-specific instructions and education.

Ambulatory Care Information Systems↗
PubMed1996

Closing the clinical laboratory testing loop with information technology.

Information technology can enhance the effectiveness of the part of the laboratory testing loop that occurs outside of the clinical laboratory. That external component involves the presentation of laboratory results and related information to physicians and the reception of physician requests for follow-up testing. Improvements made in the clinician-computer interface can conceivably enhance the quality of information transfer of this part of the testing loop and thereby improve the effectiveness of the entire loop. Our experience has been that results presentation is easier to address than order reception and that the economic benefits from improved result presentation can be substantial. Improving order reception requires more finesse, especially with the limitations of today's health systems and their information systems in mind. For instance, effective computer-based management of prospectively developed orders (eg, clinical protocols) not only can have a substantial positive impact on test use, but is actually welcomed by clinicians. Application of information technology at the clinician-computer interface has good potential to foster more appropriate use of clinical laboratory resources.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Eye-strain symptoms after work with a computer screen].

BACKGROUND: In a laboratory arranged according to ergonomic rules, the influence of the work with screen monitor computer on the visual function was evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Visual efficiency before and after one-hour reading of a text from monitor was compared in 60 persons. There was 50 women and 10 men, aged 22-47. The research scheme comprised 10 trials. RESULTS: After work with the monitor, the most important changes were the following: diminished power of accommodation, removal of the near point of convergence and deviation of phoria for near vision. Statistical analysis, using Wilcoxon's test revealed significant differences between the results achieved before and after work concerning accommodation and convergence (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that weakness of these important visual functions could be the cause of eye-strain in computer operators.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Seeing the light.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer connection.

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British Columbia↗
PubMed1996

[Effects on visual functions following several hours' usage of a head mounted display].

We investigated the effects of viewing video movies with a head-mounted display (HMD) for 4 to 6 hours on visual functions such as refraction, visual acuity, and accommodation-vergence system. Two or three video movies were watched without any breaks by 13 normal volunteers (age: 22 approximately 40). Measurements were made of (1) objective and subjective refraction, (2) corrected visual acuity, (3) tonic level and step response of accommodation with a computer-assisted infrared optometer, and (4) near and far phorias and AC/A ratio. Significant transient myopia was found following 4 hours' viewing, but not following 6 hours' viewing. Scrutinizing individual data, myopia was consistently found in some subjects, and hyperopia in others. We presumed that many subjects might have been influenced by initial instrumental myopia when they adjusted the focus by using the mechanism built in the HMD. No significant change was observed in any other examination. However, there was a tendency for the AC/A ratio to change after a short time, and then to recover to its original value. Based on the results in this study, it appears that some changes in accommodation and vergence systems are caused by viewing video movies with the HMD. Although the amount of changes was within normal physiological variation in this study, the possibility still remains that usage for a longer time may lead to other changes in visual function. Care is also necessary when using the HMD in subjects with subclinical problems.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of a Russian software-hardware package for the quantitative analysis of coronary angiograms].

The software and hardware complex developed by the Cardiology Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, jointly with the Technomash Research Production Association on the basis of a IBM 386DX personal computer equipped with a VS-100 video controller and a DS P31 VS signal processor board. Testing has indicated that it provides a qualitative image and a quantitative analysis both of phantoms and real images of coronarograms, but more accurately in the analysis of the image obtained from a film projector. Valid results are yielded when lenses more than 1 mm in diameter are used. Clinical tests have shown that the software and hardware complex may yield a rather qualitative image and calculate the required diameter of a vessel, virtually without prolonging the time of intervention, which is particularly important while making intervention procedures and implementing research programmes.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1996

Ergonomics and body mechanics in the work place.

Ergonomics in the work place has become more critical in recent years, both from a sedentary and a dynamic perspective. As mentioned, overall work-place injuries have decreased, but carpal tunnel disease has risen steadily. It is essential that health care providers understand the basis of ergonomics to ensure quality of care to the injured worker as well as to promote safe work practices. The field of ergonomics has had more concrete scientific evidence from which to draw conclusions than body mechanics. Health care providers are able to make an assessment of a work station and have clear scientific evidence to support their rationale to change that work station. The controversy still goes on regarding the correct position the spine should assume when one attempts to lift. Only with continued basic scientific research will we solve that dilemma.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

Computer screens and brain cancer.

Concern has recently been expressed in Australia, both in the media and at the federal government level, over possible links between screen-based computer use and cancer, brain tumour in particular. The screen emissions assumed to be the sources of the putative hazard are the magnetic fields responsible for horizontal and vertical scanning of the display. Time-varying fluctuations in these magnetic fields induce electrical current flows in exposed tissues. This paper estimates that the induced current densities in the brain of the computer user are up to 1 mA/m2 (due to the vertical flyback). Corresponding values for other electrical appliances or installations are in general much less than this. The epidemiological literature shows no obvious signs of a sudden increase in brain tumour incidence, but the widespread use of computers is a relatively recent phenomenon. The occupational use of other equipment based on cathode ray tubes (such as TV repair) has a much longer history and has been statistically linked to brain tumour in some studies. A number of factors make this an unreliable indicator of the risk from computer screens, however.

Australia↗