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Results for “Communication Disorders”

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At least 1,387 records · Page 77Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The role of the right hemisphere in emotional communication.

Previous research has established that patients with right hemisphere damage (RHD) are impaired in the comprehension of emotional prosody and facial expression. There are several explanations for this impairment. It may reflect defective acoustic and visuospatial analysis, disruption of nonverbal communicative representations, or a disturbance in the comprehension of emotional meaning. In order to examine these hypotheses, we asked RHD patients, left hemisphere damaged patients (LHD) and normal controls (NC) to judge the emotional content of sentences describing nonverbal expressions, and sentences describing emotional situations. We found that RHD subjects performed normally in their ability to infer the emotion conveyed by sentences describing situations. However, RHD patients were impaired in relation to both LHD and NC in the capacity to judge the emotional content of sentences depicting facial, prosodic, and gestural expressions, suggesting a disruption of nonverbal communicative representations.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1981

Parental communication deviance and affective style. Predictors of subsequent schizophrenia spectrum disorders in vulnerable adolescents.

In an attempt to assess the contributory role of family factors to the development of schizophrenia-like disorders, measures of parental communication deviance and affective styles of communication were obtained for a sample of families of disturbed but nonpsychotic adolescents. Outcome was assessed five years later. Absence of a pathologic affective style was associated with a benign outcome, but neither parental variable alone allowed precise identification of the schizophrenia-spectrum cases. However, an index using a combination of both variables was statistically predictive of subsequent psychiatric status at follow-up. Thus, adolescents whose parents had both a pathologic affective style of communication and a high level of communication deviance had schizophrenia-like disorders develop in young adulthood. Adolescents of parents who had both lower levels of communication deviance and a benign affective style had offspring with healthier outcomes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The communicative function of psychogenic physical disorders].

The goal of the present paper is to give a classification of psychosomatic theories on symbolic body functioning by applying two modern semiotic theories (Peirce, de Saussure). Hysterical symptoms have been regarded since Freud as symbolizations through the body. Psychovegetative disorders are symbolic representations of pre-oedipal conflicts at the level of M. Balint's basic faults. Psychosomatic symptoms in alexithymic patients cannot be regarded as symbolic; these patients, however, exert a form of negative communication that can be understood as a last resort prior to (psychotic) decompensation. It therefore seems necessary to differentiate which patients can best be described by which semiotic model.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Role of theoretical bias in therapeutic interventions: to see or not to see?

Considering the role of theory in child psychosocial treatment, it is important to acknowledge some of its associated problems. Among the shortcomings of theory discussed in this article are its potential for biasing what we see and do clinically, the arbitrary nature of some theoretical explanations, and the way that theory-based jargon can interfere with communication. A bottom-up approach to the development of clinical principles is advocated instead, especially when these principles are derived from the convergence of clinical observation and research findings.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2005

Computer skills in patients with movement disorders.

BACKGROUND: Electronic communication is important in healthcare, but the level of computer proficiency among patients with neurological disorders is unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine the proportion of a movement disorder clinic population that was able to perform basic computer skills, and the effect of specific cognitive and motor features on computer proficiency. METHODS: One hundred and four movement disorder patients participated. Seventy-four completed both paper and computerized questionnaires to evaluate data entry skills and thirty subjects completed paper questionnaires only. Basic e-mail messaging and Internet skills were evaluated. Demographic information, Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score, and Hoehn and Yahr stage were assessed. RESULTS: Ninety-six percent of subjects successfully completed computerized data entry tasks, and over 70% completed e-mail and Internet tasks. Computer data entry had an average accuracy of nearly 95% when compared to paper data entry. Poorer performance on computer tasks was associated with older age, less education, and cognitive impairment. Computer performance was reduced in subjects with a history of parkinsonism and when both tremor and dyskinesia were present during task performance. Nearly three-quarters of subjects have access to a computer. Subjects who completed the paper questionnaire but refused to complete the computer questionnaire were older, less educated and more cognitively impaired. CONCLUSION: The majority of patients visiting a tertiary movement disorders center were able to perform computer data entry, e-mail messaging and Internet usage. These results reinforce the potential value of electronic communication and information systems in neurology practice.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

A mother-child, multiple-family, counseling program: procedures and results.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a family counseling program of the following variables: (a) parents' family satisfaction, perceived integration, and family congruence; (b) the number of positive and negative responses communicated among family members; and (c) an undesirable behavior exhibited by one child in the family. The sample consisted of 14 families in the experimental condition and 11 families in the control condition. Mother and one child had responsibility for teaching other family members that principles taught during the multiple-family category sessions. The findings indicated: (a) parents receiving family counseling increased significantly their family-satisfaction and perceived-integration scores as compared to the parents not receiving counseling; (b) families receiving counseling increased significantly the number of positive responses among them compared with the control families; (c) children receiving counseling decreased significantly the frequency of exhibiting a specific undesirable behavior; and (d) no significant differences were found between the groups of families in parents' family-congruence scores and in the number of negative responses communicated among family members.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pain assessment in nonverbal older adults with advanced dementia.

TOPIC: Pain assessment is a particular challenge among individuals with advanced dementia who lack the ability to formulate and express their experience of discomfort. PURPOSE: Awareness of pain scales and methods specifically designed for use with nonverbal individuals with dementia is critical to expanded use and testing in clinical settings. SOURCES: Computerized literature searches using four databases revealed the five observational scales and two caregiver reports methods reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: A small number of valid, reliable, and sensitive scales are available for use by nurses and allied health personnel. Each has strengths and limitations and all would benefit from additional testing.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

Self-organisation of cognitive processes and psychosis. Development and test of a theoretical model.

The development of a theory of self-control of brain processes leads to a model of disturbance of integration of brain processes in psychotic persons. The theory is that the "novelty-familiarity relation" of the current state of the processed information normally dominates the current mode of information processing. In the second part of the study adults with schizophrenia in remission and children with infantile autism were tested as to the manner in which they used newly introduced elements. The psychotic persons took the different character of the new elements less into consideration. The difference from the normal control persons is significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Communication skills in an aphasic deaf adult.

A case study is presented of a 64-year-old, right-handed, congenitally deaf man who suffered a single, unilateral, left CVA resulting in a right hemiplegia and moderate aphasia. The relationship between his verbal (reading and writing), manual, and pantomimic performances is examined in two ways. First, a comparison of the three modes of communication shows whether or not these systems can be dissociated by pathology. Second, the extent to which one mode recovers more fully than the others indicates whether the three modes function independently. Results of testing conducted at six weeks and at 18 months postonset revealed that this individual's manual, verbal, and pantomimic communication skills were all similarly impaired as a result of his CVA. Furthermore, at 18 months no single mode had recovered more rapidly or to a greater extent than any other. These results support the notion that aphasia in the deaf and hearing population is similar, and is consistent with the view that aphasia is the result of a central symbolic/cognitive process which manifests itself in parallel dysfunctions of verbal, manual, and pantomimic communication.

Aphasia↗