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At least 1,387 records · Page 77Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Ultrasound-controlled removal of a dislocated intrauterine device in the first trimester of pregnancy: a report of 26 cases.

Intrauterine, ultrasound-guided removal of a copper-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) was carried out in 26 first-trimester pregnancies. In all the pregnancies, the string of the device had retracted into the uterine cavity. The total loss of pregnancies was 46%, while 36% of the initially uncomplicated single pregnancies ended in a spontaneous abortion. The time lag between the removal of the IUCD and clinical abortion was 21.5 days (range 3-48 days). A fundal location of the IUCD and failure to remove the IUCD by the first traction were common features in the abortion group. A total of 14 of the pregnancies resulted in a liveborn baby, and the incidence of complications after the 20th gestational week was not increased compared with the normal population.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1977

Carbonic anhydrase activity in human cervical mucus and its response to various contraceptives regimes.

Carbonic anhydrase activity is present in human cervical mucus throughout the normal menstrual cycle. Lowest activity occurs in the ovulatory phase. A similar pattern of activity is seen in the presence of either an 'inert' or copper-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD). The overall levels of activity are not significantly altered by the presence of either type of IUCD. A cyclic pattern of activity is retained even though endogenous ovarian function is suppressed by combined oestrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives.

Carbonic Anhydrases↗
PubMed2003

Asymptomatic ileal perforation of an intrauterine device.

CASE REPORT: A 43-year old para three woman had a total abdominal hysterectomy for severe menorrhagia. During the procedure, a copper intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) 'TCu 380A' was found extruding from within the small bowel lumen and partly perforating into the posterior uterine wall. The apparent insertion of the IUD was asymptomatic and she remained asymptomatic for a period of 8 years prior to presentation. CONCLUSION: This is a report of an asymptomatic perforation into the ileum discovered during a hysterectomy after an asymptomatic period of 8 years in situ.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The impalpable Implanon: a case report.

This is a case report of an Implanon contraceptive device that was impalpable after insertion and a discussion of the management of the impalpable Implanon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Levonorgestrel-releasing and copper-releasing (Nova T) IUDs during five years of use: a randomized comparative trial.

A 20 micrograms/24 hours levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device (LNG-IUD) has, in an open randomized multicenter study, been compared to the copper-releasing device Nova T during 5 years of use; 1821 women had the LNG-IUD and 937 women had the Nova T inserted. The 5-year cumulative gross pregnancy rate was 5.9% for Nova T and 0.5% for the LNG-IUD. The local effect of levonorgestrel in the uterine cavity causes reduction of menstrual blood loss and development of oligo-amenorrhea, and the termination rates because of heavy and/or prolonged menstrual flow were significantly (P < 0.001) lower among LNG-IUD users. However, the gross termination rate because of amenorrhea was 6.0 in this group. Hb increased during use of the LNG-IUD and decreased during Nova T use, and the difference between the devices was statistically significant. The incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) was low in LNG-IUD users regardless of age, whereas in the Nova T group, the PID rate was increased among the youngest women, which makes the difference between the devices significant (P < 0.01). The gross termination rate for reasons considered to be hormonal was 12.1 in the LNG-IUD group compared to 2.0 in the Nova T group (P < 0.001). The LNG-IUD is a long-acting reversible contraceptive method for 5 years with a pregnancy rate comparable to female sterilization. The incidence of PID is low even in young women. In addition, the positive health effects such as decreased menstrual blood loss and increased blood haemoglobin concentration make the LNG-IUD a favorable combination of hormonal and intrauterine contraception.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Association between intrauterine device and pelvic inflammatory disease.

The Women's Health Study, a concurrent case-control study at 16 hospitals in 9 cities across the United States, examined the relationship between use of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) severe enough to require hospitalization. After final classification, 1447 patients were eligible as PID subjects and 3453 patients were eligible as controls. For all current IUD users, the estimated relative risk of hospitalization with the diagnosis of PID was 1.6. However, the relative risk was about twofold when only individuals experiencing their first episode of the disorder were considered. The study also demonstrated an increased association for women aged 25 years or less and for nonblack women. Recent insertion or reinsertion of an IUD was associated with increased risk for PID, but total duration of use was not. Furthermore, the effect of IUD use on the development of PID persisted for several months after the IUD had been removed. The study also confirmed previous findings that the type of device does not markedly influence risk, and that the relative risk of PID is higher when IUD use is compared with use of other contraceptives or use of no contraceptives. Finally, the study suggests that users of nonpermanent forms of contraception other than the IUD have some form of protection against the development of PID.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Effect of oral contraceptives and intrauterine devices on midcycle myometrial contractions.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of oral contraceptives and intrauterine devices (IUDs) on midcycle myometrial contractions. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Academic tertiary care center. PATIENT(S): Thirty four patients who received oral contraceptives, 20 patients with an IUD, 28 controls, and 6 patients who were evaluated before and after oral contraceptive use. INTERVENTION(S): All groups underwent endovaginal ultrasonography to visualize myometrial contractions at midcycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Contractions were analyzed for direction, frequency, amplitude, and distance traveled. RESULT(S): Fifty percent of women taking oral contraceptives had no contractions, whereas all controls had contractions. Women taking oral contraceptives also had decreased frequency, amplitude, and distance traveled of contractions compared with controls. Women evaluated before and after taking oral contraceptives had decreased frequency, amplitude, and distance traveled of contractions. Women with an IUD had significantly more asymmetrical uncoordinated contractions, with decreased frequency and distance traveled, compared with controls. CONCLUSION(S): Oral contraceptives dramatically suppressed midcycle contractility. Since the normal midcycle peak of estrogen is suppressed by oral contraceptives, these contractions may be regulated by cyclic estrogen and progesterone. Uncoordinated contractions in IUD bearing women indicate that the foreign body reaction of the IUD affects the normal physiology of these contractions.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Group B streptococci in women fitted with intrauterine devices.

A survey was made of group B streptococcal carriage at various sites in 100 women attending a clinic for the insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD). Twenty-three women carried streptococci at one or more sites at the preinsertion visit, the vaginal carriage rate being 16%. Six months after insertion changes in carrier status were noted and there was evidence of a change of strain in four patients. Twenty-nine women were carriers at one or more sites at some stage of the study. There was no evidence that symptoms attributable to infection in patients fitted with an IUD were caused by group B streptococci.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed2002

Take a fresh look at IUDs. Things have changed.

BACKGROUND: Over the past few years, the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) has overcome many of the problems that had initially made it unpopular. Today it is probably the most cost effective reversible form of contraception available. OBJECTIVE: To examine the reasons for poor utilisation of IUDs in Australia and to describe recent developments in the field of intrauterine devices/systems. DISCUSSION: Myths concerning mechanisms of action and the potential for pelvic inflammatory disease, lack of familiarity, training and high insurance costs continue to limit the ability of general practitioners to fully utilise the potential of IUDs. The introduction of the levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system has however, broadened the indication for IUDs from just being contraceptive to being therapeutic for several gynaecological conditions.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

Inhibition of Chlamydia trachomatis growth in endometrial cells by copper: possible relevance for the use of the copper IUD.

There is agreement that the relative risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) increases among women who use the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD). The role of Chlamydia in causing PID among IUD users is not clear. The present study demonstrates that Chlamydia trachomatis growth can be inhibited in cultured human endometrial cells by copper ions at concentrations known to be released by the copper IUDs. More than 98% inhibition was produced with 10(-5) and 10(-6) M of copper. Both C. trachomatis serovar E and a lymphogranuloma venereum Chlamydia serovar L2 (LGV) were inhibited by the copper ions. Although the mechanism of the inhibition is not known, the continuous presence of the copper ions during and after adherence appeared to be necessary for maximal effect. If such inhibition occurs in vivo, it is possible that copper ions released from the copper-containing IUD may partially protect against chlamydial infection.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1989

The IUCD-associated incidence of Actinomyces israelii in the female genital tract.

Cervical swabs and in many cases also intrauterine contraceptive devices were examined from 973 women for the presence of Actinomyces israelii. It was detected in 11.6% of these women, the majority of whom were asymptomatic. The detection, however, of A. israelii in the female genital tract was associated with an almost 4-fold increase in the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), indicating that colonization may progress to an infection in a small number of women. The incidence of A. israelii in the female genital tract of IUCD wearers was more than doubled when the IUCD was worn for longer than 4 years. The type of IUCD worn did not appear to be an important risk factor. Immunofluorescent staining of cervical smears identified 64% of cases. Specific culturing for A. israelii or cytological screening of Papanicolaou smears in addition were required to increase the isolation rate to nearly 90%.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed2002

Persistent vaginal bleeding in a patient with a broken Implanon.

A 29-year-old woman with an Implanon contraceptive device in situ presented with persistent and prolonged vaginal bleeding. The implant had been inserted 2 years previously; the patient had been happy with it and had been mainly amenorrhoeic with the occasional light period. She was concerned that the implant had broken during a game of 'rough and tumble' with her son in August 2000. Since the trauma to her arm her bleeding pattern had changed, and she began bleeding heavily for 3 weeks every month. The rod was removed and found to be fractured halfway across its width. A new Implanon device was inserted and the bleeding settled.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[IUD-associated abdominopelvic actinomycosis].

Abdominopelvic actinomycosis associated with the use of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) is described. The diagnosis is usually made after exploratory laparotomy for severe abdominal pain and signs of an acute abdomen, or for prolonged lower abdominal pain and findings consistent with pelvic malignancy. 3 women aged 33, 44 and 52 years, respectively, are presented.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1988

The influence of method of contraception and cigarette smoking on menstrual patterns.

Self-perceived menstrual patterns have been investigated in a sample of 2115 women aged 18-49 years using a postal questionnaire. Seven aspects of 'abnormal' menstruation were defined: prolonged periods, heavy periods, frequent periods, irregular periods, intermenstrual bleeding, painful periods and severe premenstrual syndrome. Women who used oral contraceptives were less likely than other women to report any of the seven menstrual abnormalities except for intermenstrual bleeding and severe premenstrual tension. Women who used an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) reported prolonged, heavy, and frequent periods and intermenstrual bleeding more often than other women, but they did not report painful periods with undue frequency. Women who had had a tubal sterilization generally reported menstrual patterns similar to, or slightly less favourable than, women using no contraception or contraceptive methods other than the pill or the IUCD. There was a significant association between smoking habits and each of the abnormal menstrual patterns except for severe premenstrual tension. In every case, the effect of smoking was unfavourable and in almost every case, current smokers reported the worst experience, with ex-smokers occupying an intermediate position. We believe that these data are of considerable clinical significance and that they offer a basis for a conservative approach to managing menstrual disorders in some women.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Ultrastructural studies on the endometrium of women wearing TCu-200 intrauterine devices by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy and x-ray dispersive analysis.

Endometrial biopsies obtained from 12 young women wearing TCu-200 intrauterine contraceptive devices from six to 12 months were studied by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopes as well as with the use of rubeanic acid stains and x-ray dispersive analysis. Six biopsies were taken at Day 10 and six were taken at Day 20 of the menstrual cycle. The aim was to investigate epithelial and stromal changes possibly related to copper deposition. The main changes were located in the cell organelles at Day 10 of the cycle. The mitochondria disclosed vacuolization of the matrix and myelin figure formation in 70 to 80% of the epithelial cells. There were also increased numbers of lysosomes. There were similar alterations of secretory endometrium in only a few cases. Instead, there was an increased number of mitochondria, and most of them were dividing. Rubeanic acid stains as well as energy-dispersive x-ray analysis failed to reveal significant amounts of copper in the various cell organelles studied. The above observations seem to indicate that there is a definite alteration of the mitochondria of epithelial cells which may result in impairment of respiratory mechanisms and energy production, rendering the endometrial environment inhospitable to the fertilized egg. These changes are thought to be reversible. The absence of copper is explained on the basis of a rapid turnover of the endometrium or to a problem in sampling common to this methodology.

Cilia↗