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PubMedDate not supplied

[Adaptation times of flight-technical personnel to work in subtropical climate conditions].

The results of studying the process and time of adaptation of two groups of the flying personnel who arrived from moderate climate to the subtropic climate show that the early stage of acclimatization lasts from two to four weeks, depending on the season. From the physiological point of view the best season is spring-summer. During this period the time of acclimatization is two times shorter than in winter.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1975

[Comparative characteristics of the immunologic structure of children's collectives as regards scarlatina in different climatic zones].

An immunological study (in respect to scarlet fever) of children in children's collective bodies was conducted in 1971-1972 simultaneously in two towns-Ashkhabad and Petrozavodsk located in the contrast climatic zones. Results of Dick's test and passive hemagglutination test indicated no significant differences in the level and intensity of antitoxic immunity in children of both cities; only during the autumn period, corresponding to the seasonal increase in the incidence of scarler fever in Ashkabad, the number of immune children in this town proved to be greater than in Petrozavodsk, this being connected with a more active process of "mute" immunization. At the same time differences were revealed in the level and dynamics of antibodies to the leading types of M-antigens of hemolytic streptococci. Consequently, a higher immunological reactivity of the organism in children in Ashkhabad (promoting rapid formation of both the antitoxic and the antimicrobial immunity and limiting of the spread of marked scarlet fever affections) underlied the differences in the level of scarlet fever morbidity in different climatic zones.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed2003

Treatment of patients with postpolio syndrome in a warm climate.

PURPOSE: Treatment in warm climate of various patient groups including patients with postpolio syndrome is controversial. METHOD: Eighty-eight patients with postpolio syndrome (61 women) were recruited, stratified according to sex, age (above/below 60 years old) and use/not use of electrical wheelchair, and randomized to three groups. Group 1 (n=30) underwent treatment in a rehabilitation centre in Tenerife for four weeks in November/December 1999. Group 2 (n=29) were treated in two similar centres in Norway for the same period of time, while Group 3 (n=29), the control group, followed their ordinary health care programme. All patients were tested at the start of study, and 3 and 6 months later, including physical tests and several questionnaire and qualitative interviews. Patients in Group 1 and 2 were also tested after the rehabilitation period. RESULTS: Group 1 and 2 improved significantly both in physical tests and subjective ratings. The positive effects in Group 1 tended to exceed the positive effects in Group 2, and the effects lasted longer. Six minutes walking distance in the two groups was 347 m and 316 m, respectively, before the treatment period, 429 m and 362 m immediately after, and 431 m and 356 m 3 months later. Subjective rating of pain (VAS-scale) was 42 and 43, respectively, before treatment, 17 and 31 immediately after, and 28 and 44 3-months later. In the control group, only minor changes were found. CONCLUSIONS: The study seems to document a positive effect of treatment of patients with postpolio syndrome in warm climate.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Relationship between climatic factors and radial growth of Pinus massoniana in Dinghushan Mountain].

Dendroclimatology method was used to study the relationship between ring index of Pinus massoniana and three climate factors in Dinghushan, South China. The ring indices were negatively correlated with the average temperature in June, August and September, and positively correlated with the average temperature of March, whereas no statistically significant correlation was found with monthly precipitation, showing that high summer temperature could limit the radial growth of the species. Meanwhile, tree ring indices showed a strong positive correlation with the relative humidity of April, June, August, September, October and November, and also with the average humidity of the whole year, indicating that atmospheric moisture could not fully satisfy the growth of Pinus massoniana despite of abundant rainfall. The possible impact of climate change on the growth of Pinus massoniana was discussed accordingly.

Climate↗
PubMed2003

[Optimum meteorological factors and climate divisions of apple for good quality].

The investigation and laboratory analysis were carried out for apple quality of Fuji, Jonagold and Starkrimson grown in various ecological and climate regions of China. Multiple statistical analysis, linear program and computer technology were used to obtain the optimum values and scheme of major meteorological factors affecting the quality components of different apple varieties. The cluster analysis results showed that it was suitable for apple of Fuji, Jonagold and Starkrimson growing in the Loess Plateau and Longdong, Gansu Province. Bohaiwan bay regions were suitable for apple of Fuji and Jonagold and Southwestern mountainous region were suitable for apple Starkrimson. Advantage qualifications and limiting factors in each climate divisions were also pointed out.

Climate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The optimization of the treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis at climate health resorts].

The system of staged rehabilitation of chronic bronchitis (CB) sufferers implies a sanatorium treatment stage involving climate, exercise, physical, psychological treatments, etc. In search for higher efficiency of sanatorium treatment, the analysis has been made of the response achieved in 6333 CB patients treated in sanatoria situated in various regions of the country. For all the climate conditions CB patients in remission proved the best responders. A therapeutic potential for such patients lies in better pretreatments preparation and appropriate choice of the patients in local outpatient departments, an individual approach to the diagnosis and treatment policy in sanatoria.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed2003

Climate change decreases habitat suitability for some tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) in South Africa.

Models predicting current habitat availability for four prominent tick species in Africa (Boophilus decoloratus, Amblyomma hebraeum, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Hyalomma truncatum) were constructed using remotely sensed information about abiotic variables and a point-to-point similarity metric. Year-to-year variations in the forecasted habitat suitability over the period 1983-2000 show a clear decrease in habitat availability, which is attributed primarily to increasing temperature in the region over this period. Climate variables were projected to the year 2015 using Fourier series analysis of the decadal abiotic data. The simulations show a trend toward the destruction of the habitats of the four tick species. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was developed to probe the changes in the habitat suitability in response to variations in temperature, vegetation availability and water vapour deficit. Four basic scenarios were studied: increasing or decreasing the temperature 1 or 2 degrees C together with correlated variations in the other abiotic variables. A decrease in temperature was predicted to promote habitat gain for every species except H. truncatum, while an increase of 1 degrees C was forecast to sustain a small but positive response in A. hebraeum and B. decoloratus. Increasing the temperature by 2 degrees C was forecast to have damaging effects on the habitat structure of all four species. The effect of climate warming on the habitat range of these ticks is considered in the light of economically sound control measures over an ecological background.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Waste stabilisation ponds in extreme continental climates: a comparison of design methods from the USA, Canada, northern Europe and the former Soviet Union.

The paper presents a brief review of the application of WSPs in extreme climates where ice formation occurs during winter. Design standards and methods are compared and different systems are described. Design equations developed by the US EPA and normative standards from the former Soviet Union are compared in a simple example using typical wastewater and performance characteristics. The results are similar except at low temperatures, where the Soviet method can give pond depths outside the prescribed limits. The paper examines construction and operational aspects of extreme climate WSPs, comparing North American, Northern European and Russian standards. It considers why WSP systems have not been widely adopted in Russia and the NIS, and looks at the advantages these systems may have in countries in economic transition.

Canada↗
PubMed1992

[Climate therapy, rehabilitation and psychotherapy in bronchial asthma].

The authors explain the principle of effectiveness as regards treatment of bronchial asthma (AB) in the climate of the Tatra mountains. The most important place is held by elimination of noxious substances from the patient's environment which is comparable with the eliminations test. The second place is held by factors of a medium stimulating climate which calls for adaptation of the organism. This happens during the three-week acclimatization stage which acts as non-specific therapy. The result of climatotherapy is an increased immunological resistance, hardening, reduced bronchial hyperreactivity and improved life of asthmatic patients. Supplementary treatment comprises respiratory rehabilitation and psychotherapy. The aim of rehabilitation is active participation of the patient in treatment, adequate type of respiration and better tolerance of physical strain. The purpose of psychotherapy is to help the patient to overcome fear of AB, induce a change of lifestyle and regime. After comprehensive institutional treatment the patients are prepared for self-supporting ambulatory treatment. Under institutional conditions antiasthmatic treatment can be discontinued in as many as 24% of asthmatic patients and reduce substantially the administration of inhalatory beta-adrenergic substances, as demonstrated by the authors on 1725 asthmatic patients.

Asthma↗
PubMed2003

International Conference on Harmonisation; Stability Data Package for Registration Applications in Climatic Zones III and IV; Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products; availability. Notice.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing the availability of two guidances prepared under the auspices of the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). The first is a guidance entitled "Q1F Stability Data Package for Registration Applications in Climatic Zones III and IV'' (the Q1F guidance). The second is a revised guidance entitled "Q1A(R2) Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products'' (the Q1A guidance). The Q1F guidance, which is an annex to the Q1A guidance, defines an approach for broader use of the Q1A guidance for territories in climatic zones III and IV. The revised Q1A guidance incorporates relevant Q1F recommendations.

Climate↗
PubMed2002

[Difference in lymphocyte heat shock protein 71 (HSP71) expression in soldiers of armed police forces from different climatic zones].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the difference between basal and heat-inducible levels of lymphocyte heat shock protein 71 (HSP71) expression in soldiers from Beijing, Zhengzhou and Guangzhou. METHODS: Flow cytometry and Comet assay were used to detect the level of HSP71 and DNA damage respectively. RESULTS: Comet assay showed that there was no significant DNA damage before and after heat stress at 41 degrees C for 1 h, and also no difference found among the 3 climatic zones(P > 0.05). HSP71 of all soldiers in the 3 zones elevated after stress (P < 0.05). The basal and heat-inducible levels of HSP71 in Beijing soldiers(845.87 +/- 135.60 and 1254. 47 +/- 239.05 mean fluorescence intensity respectively) were higher than those in Guangzhou soldiers(702.73 +/- 184.70 and 861.72 +/- 225.12 mean fluorescence intensity respectively) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The differences of lymphocyte HSP71 expression before and after heat stress among the soldiers from Beijing, Zhengzhou and Guangzhou suggest that basal and heat-inducible levels of lymphocyte HSP71 expression may be considered as a valuable index to evaluate heat tolerance of soldiers in different climatic zones.

Climate↗
PubMed2004

[Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis--is climate therapy a treatment or a leisure activity?].

BACKGROUND: For many years, Norwegian patients with psoriasis or arthritic psoriasis have been offered climate therapy. In 2002, Rikshospitalet University Hospital's department for treatment abroad organised this treatment for the first time for a group of patients with combined psoriasis and arthritic psoriasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 50 patients, psoriasis severity (psoriasis area and severity index, PASI 0-72) was assessed at start and end of treatment in Turkey. Patients reported joint pain (VAS 0-100), skin (DLQI-N 0-29), arthritic psoriasis-related quality of life (ADI-N 0-33) and functional status of arthritis (MHAQ 1-4) at arrival, one week and two months after treatment. Standard response mean (difference/SD difference) was used to evaluate clinical relevance. RESULTS: Disease activity was mild at start of treatment. The clinical relevance for the change in skin and arthritis related quality of life was considered high one week after treatment and moderate after two months. Change in psoriasis, pain and functional status of the joints had little clinic relevance. A statistical significant score improvement was found for PASI (6.0 vs. 2.0), DLQI-N (8.4 vs. 2.2 vs. 4.6), ADI-N (9.9 vs. 4.8 vs. 7.0) and MHAQ (1.6 vs. 1.3 vs. 1.4), all means. No significant change in pain score was demonstrated for those having arthritic psoriasis. INTERPRETATION: If climate therapy should be implemented as supplemental therapy, we recommend recruitment of patients with severe to moderate psoriasis and arthritic psoriasis and inclusion of an analysis of cost-effectiveness.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A response of the biota to climatic warming on Europe].

Data on the impact of climatic warming on a number of phenomena in the life of plants, animals, biocenoses, and parasitic systems of transmissible diseases are presented. Emphasis is laid on the ambiguity of responses shown by species to the same exposures, which makes any forecasting of the consequences of climatic warming very difficult, frequently unrealistic and hence it is necessary to arrange an epizootological monitoring of malaria and other transmissible diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Effect of tropical climate on performance during repeated jump-and-reach tests.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of tropical climate (i.e., hot and humid) on performance during multiple jump-and-reach tests. METHODS: Fourteen male basketball players volunteered to perform 2 randomized series of jump-and-reach tests, which consisted of a jump-and-reach test every 15 sec for 5 min (21 jump-and-reach tests) in two thermal conditions: tropical (TR, 30.4 degrees C, 70% rh) and thermoneutral (TN, 23.1 degrees C, 53% rh). During each test, lactate concentration [La(-)], tympanic temperature (Tty), sweat rate (SR), heart rate (HR), and performance (height: H) were noted at rest, during exercise and recovery. Two hours of recovery separated the TN and TR tests. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in mean height, maximal height or the kinetics between TN and TR. Both conditions induced an increase in height over time (time effect: p<0.002). There were no significant differences in [La(-)] at rest or during exercise or recovery in the 2 conditions. Both conditions induced an increase in [La(-)] (time effect: p<0.002). There was a tendency toward a higher mean [La(-)] during TR than TN (situation effect, p<0.07). However, compared to resting values, [La(-)] values were significantly increased only in TR and not in TN. Tty, was significantly greater (p<0.001) at rest and during exercise and recovery in TR than in TN. SR and HR were also significantly greater at rest and during exercise and recovery in TR (p<0.001 for SR and HR). CONCLUSION: We conclude that tropical climate affects physiological responses without improving or decreasing performance during successive jump tests.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of dust activity and climate effects in North China.

TOMS/AI data with nearly 20 years are utilized in the paper to evaluate dust activities in North China. Combined with simultaneous NCEP reanalysis climate data, climate effects on dust activities are assessed. The results showed that the whole North China suffers impact by dust aerosols, with three centers standing out in TOMS/AI spring average map that are western three basins, which are characterized by lower annual precipitation and elevation. Gobi deserts in Mongolia Plateau do not attain higher TOMS/AI value due to cloud contamination and relative higher elevation. Spring is the season with the highest TOMS dust aerosol index; within the western three basins, high dust aerosol index appears in both spring and summer, especially in Tarim Basin. Wind speed in spring and precipitation in previous rainy season play important roles in controlling dust activities, higher wind speed and less precipitation than the normal are in favor of dust activities in spring. Temperature in spring and previous winter also affect dust activity to a certain extent, but with contrary spatial distribution. Temperature in winter exert effect principally in west part, contrarily, temperature effect in spring is mainly shown in east part. Both of them have negative correlation with dust activity.

China↗
PubMed2004

Water and climate variability: development impacts and coping strategies.

This paper provides an overview of the relationship between climate variability, integrated water resources management, and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. It focuses on tropical countries and the impacts of climate variability on the ability of such countries to achieve the MDGs; examines the coping strategies that must be put in place to address these challenges; and makes recommendations on steps forward.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed2004

Simulated sea surface temperature and heat fluxes in different climates of the Baltic Sea.

The physical state of the Baltic Sea in possible future climates is approached by numerical model experiments with a regional coupled ocean-atmosphere model driven by different global simulations. Scenarios and recent climate simulations are compared to estimate changes. The sea surface is clearly warmer by 2.9 degrees C in the ensemble mean. The horizontal pattern of average annual mean warming can largely be explained in terms of ice-cover reduction. The transfer of heat from the atmosphere to the Baltic Sea shows a changed seasonal cycle: a reduced heat loss in fall, increased heat uptake in spring, and reduced heat uptake in summer. The interannual variability of surface temperature is generally increased. This is associated with a smoothed frequency distribution in northern basins. The overall heat budget shows increased solar radiation to the sea surface, which is balanced by changes of the other heat flux components.

Baltic States↗
PubMed2004

Emerging human protozoan infections in the temperate European climate.

There has been a resurgence of interest in medical protozoology in the last twenty years or so mainly as a result of the recognition of HIV infection and the opportunistic protozoan infections associated with it. Many new species of microsporidia have been recognised as parasites causing human disease and several rare infections, such as isosporiasis, have become more commonly recognised, even in temperate climates. Some of the infections seen in temperate regions have arrived through foreign travel (tourism, work or immigration), sometimes exacerbated by immunosuppression (due to HIV, organ transplantation or malignancy). Importation of food from around the world and climate change (global warming) may also be contributing to the increase in previously rare protozoan infections now being seen in temperate regions. This article reviews the current status of these new and re-emerging human protozoan infections in temperate, rather than tropical locations.

Climate↗