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PubMed1990

The Moot Court in teaching bioethics.

The first part of this paper describes the nature of a Moot Court (or Mock Trial) and how it has been used in recent years as a teaching method for students in medicine and nursing at the Memorial University of Newfoundland. A whole day is spent in the enactment of an imaginary court case in which issues in bioethics are raised. Civil and criminal cases are used in alternate years. A considerable degree of realism is maintained except for the occasions when the presiding judge needs to make comments to the students in order to explain what is going on. The realism is helped by the fact that the roles of judge and of legal counsel are played by members of the judiciary and lawyers from the Newfoundland bar. In the second part of the paper there is a discussion of the principal issue that arose in the 1988 Moot Court, namely informed consent. In the third part the secondary legal and moral issues that arose are described and in the fourth part there is a discussion of the interface between law and morality that is illustrated by the issues that came up in the Moot Court.

Bioethics↗
PubMed2004

What is the role of empirical research in bioethical reflection and decision-making? An ethical analysis.

The field of bioethics is increasingly coming into contact with empirical research findings. In this article, we ask what role empirical research can play in the process of ethical clarification and decision-making. Ethical reflection almost always proceeds in three steps: the description of the moral question, the assessment of the moral question and the evaluation of the decision-making. Empirical research can contribute to each step of this process. In the description of the moral object, first of all, empirical research has a role to play in the description of morally relevant facts. It plays a role in answering the "reality-revealing questions" (what, why, how, who, where and when), in assessing the consequences and in proposing alternative courses of action. Secondly, empirical research plays a role in assessing the moral question. It must be acknowledged that research possesses "the normative power of the factual," which can also become normative by suppressing other norms. However, inductive normativity should always be balanced out by a deductive form of normativity. Thirdly, empirical research also has a role to play in evaluating the decision-making process. It can rule out certain moral choices by pointing out the occurrence of certain unexpected consequences or effects. It can also be useful, however, as a sociology of bioethics in which the discipline of bioethics itself becomes an object of research.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed2004

Ethical issues of global corporatization: agriculture and beyond.

The world food supply has become inadequate for more than half the world population, as evidenced by a recent report of the World Health Organization that indicated that more than 3 billion people are malnourished. This is the largest number of malnourished ever reported. Per capita food production, especially cereal grains, has been declining for nearly 2 decades, despite new biotechnology and other agricultural technologies. Rapid human population growth, compounded by diminishing availability of fertile cropland, freshwater, and fossil fuels, is intensifying the emerging problems in all food production systems. Numerous ethical issues are related to the problem of malnutrition, including global corporatization.

Agriculture↗