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PubMed1981

Monitoring Theileria parva infection in adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks.

A rapid method is described for preparing and staining salivary glands of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks infected with Theileria parva. The technique, involving the use of a modified methyl green pyronin stained minimizes the risk of losing material and allows examination of stained glands within minutes of preparation. The technique was applied in a series of studies in which ticks were either infected with T. parva under different conditions, or maturation of parasites in adult ticks was stimulated by different means. When nymphal ticks were fed on the ears of cattle the subsequent infection rate of the adult ticks showed no correlation with the parasitaemia of the cattle at the time of nymphal engorgement. There was no difference in infection rates between adult ticks in which parasite maturation had been stimulated either by incubation at 37 degree C or by feeding on rabbits. However, parasite maturation took about 1 day longer in incubated ticks than in rabbit-fed ticks. Female ticks were consistently more highly infected than males, both in terms of the percentage of ticks infected and the mean number of infected acini/tick. Ticks were infected with T. parva by injection of nymphs with parasitaemic bovine blood, but the resultant adult infection was lower than that in ticks which had been infected naturally by feeding on cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Haemoproteid parasites of Passer spp.

The taxonomic status of the haemoproteid parasites hitherto described from the avian genus Passer is reviewed. It is concluded that 1 species only is valid Haemoproteus passeris Kruse (1890), all other species being designated as synonyms. From material obtained from Passer domesticus a re-description is given of H. passeris which has shown to exhibit a wide range of morphological forms. The reasons for this are discussed. Schizogonic stages are described for the first time for this species, and evidence is presented which suggests that H. passeris does not belong to the sub-genus Parahaemoproteus. Schizogonic stages previously considered to be from Passer spp. probably originated from birds of another genus and family. H. passeris appears to be restricted to the avian genus Passer in which it has a world-wide distribution.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The specific immunoglobulin response in cattle to Theileria parva (Muguga) infection.

Cattle were inoculated with dilutions of Theileria parva (Muguga) stabilate without concurrent antibiotic treatment. The dilutions were selected to induce severe East Coast fever infections, which in some cases would lead to death. Serum samples were collected and the complement fixation (CF), indirect haemagglutination (IHA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) tests were used to detect T. parva serum antibodies. Sera were fractionated on Sephadex G200 to determine the activities of specific immunoglobulin fractions. Sequential production of IgM antibody followed by 7SIg antibody was demonstrated by the IHA and CF tests. All IFA activity was restricted to the 7SIg fraction. Serologic reactions in the IHA test were detected as early as 4 days after inoculation of the stabilate, CF activity after 8 days and IFA activity after 21 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Maintenance of Theileria parva parva infection in an endemic area of Kenya.

The maintenance of Theileria parva parva infection in an endemic area of Kenya on the shore of Lake Victoria was studied in the field and laboratory. High prevalences of antibodies against T. parva and T. mutans and intra-erythrocytic piroplasms were detected in local zebu (Bos indicus) cattle. The mean infection rate of Theileria parasites in the tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, in field collections was 1.1%. Most of the infection was attributed to T. parva parva by application of field ticks to susceptible cattle. Five cattle, all about 1.5 years old, were purchased from local owners and transported to the laboratory. All five had oscillating antibody titres against T. parva and T. mutans and had patent theilerial infections during the subsequent 13 months. Uninfected R. appendiculatus nymphs were applied to cattle at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 13 months after transport to Muguga, and 18 out of 23 batches transmitted T. parva parva infection to cattle when 100 resultant R. appendiculatus adults were applied. Infection rates in the tick batches were usually low, with 1 salivary gland acinus infected/tick. Hence, a frequent carrier state of naturally infected cattle has been demonstrated for T. parva parva for the first time, and it is likely that this carrier state is of great importance in maintenance of T. parva parva infection in the field.

Animals↗