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PubMed1983

Effects of dietary nitrite and nitrate on experimentally-induced inflammation in the rat.

The inflammatory reaction was studied through changes in the weights and the constituents of granulomas induced by turpentine. The investigation used young rats fed ad lib for two months with diets containing 0.1% NO2-, 0.5% NO2-, 0.5% NO3- (w/w dry food). The NO2- and NO3- were incorporated into the diet in the form of their sodium salts. One normal control group was used as well as two groups which were "iso-sodium" with the treated groups (they received 0.636 g and 4.718 g NaCl/100 g dry food). Variance analysis was used for the statistical comparison of each group with its iso-sodium control. The growth of the animals dropped very significantly on nitrite treatment at both levels but for the nitrates only the stronger dose caused growth inhibition. The fresh weight of the granulomas decreased under the influence of the various treatments whereas the weight of the thymus was lower than the controls only in rats receiving the higher dose of nitrite. This decrease in the weights of the granulomas was paralleled by that of certain hydrosoluble and insoluble constituents of the inflamed tissue--in particular the total mucopolysaccharides and the collagen--but to a lesser extent by the non-fibrillar proteins. All these variations indicate a decrease in the defence mechanisms under the action of nitrites and nitrates. Various mechanisms could be involved: competition with iodine for capture by the thyroid, the hypoxic consequences of methaemoglobinaemia general nutritional effects, metabolic action during oxidations and peroxidations in the liver, or hormonal regulation of the adrenal glands. Analysis of the results also shows that the inflammatory reaction induced is a sensitive test in alimentary toxicology since effects are visible at doses of nitrates and nitrites which do not have nutritional consequences.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Investigation of biotransformation capacity in patients with chronic liver diseases by pharmacokinetic methods: experimental trials.

The drug metabolizing capacity of patients with liver disease varies with the characteristics and the state of the disease. The aim of our studies on patients with various chronic liver diseases was to get information about the rational dosage for these patients. Our method in the first phase was antipyrine kinetics (hydroxylation), in the second phase sulfadimidine kinetics (acetylation) and menthol loading (glucuronidation). The induced state was investigated by D-glucaric acid excretion. Experimental trials: 1) comparison of groups of patients with moderate and severe liver diseases with each other, or with the normal control (two sample t test); 2) comparison of various groups of patients with each other and with the normal control (variance analysis); 3) research of potential correlation between the kinetic and biochemical parameters (correlation analysis); 4) reclassification studies with the use of kinetic and biochemical parameters (discrimination analysis). We discuss the practical advantage of the various experimental trials. The most important conclusion is that the reclassification by discrimination analysis gives important data to the economic planning of experiments.

Antipyrine↗
PubMed1982

[Amino acid imbalances in blood of pregnant women with diabetes and in blood of their newborns--limit values for screening (author's transl)].

Blood-borne free amino acids of 100 mothers were tested immediately after birth. Fifty of the probands had diabetes, while the other 50 were metabolically intact. Amino acid imbalance was recorded by means of multidimensional variance analysis from the diabetics and found to have been largely associated with glutamic acid threonine, alanine, glycine-serine, and glutamine.--A formula, derived from the aforementioned relevant amino acid concentrations, is given in this paper together with a nomogram (which might be used instead of the formula) for determination of diabetes-caused alterations in the amino acid spectrum

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on human leucocytes.

The action of 4 non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) on the function of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), monocytes and lymphocytes has been investigated and compared to that of prednisolone. Benoxaprofen and diclofenac inhibited the chemotaxis of leucocytes in a dose-dependent fashion in vitro whereas acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin were inactive or effective on the migration of these cells at high concentrations only. Benoxaprofen did not reduce significantly (variance analysis, p = 0.05) the chemotactic locomotion of PMN or monocytes isolated from volunteers after repeated oral administration of the drug. The other function of the leucocytes investigated, which are essential for the defense of the host, were not suppressed by NSAID at therapeutic concentrations. From these experimental results it was concluded that Nsaid have a differing spectrum of biological activities and can act selectively on functions of leucocytes. However, the relevance of these findings to the effect of drugs on the inflammatory process is still unclear.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1983

The analysis of dependence in cross-classifications having ordered categories, using log-linear models for frequencies and log-linear models for odds.

To analyse the dependence of a qualitative (dichotomous or polytomous) response variable upon one or more qualitative explanatory variables, log-linear models for frequencies are compared with log-linear models for odds, when the categories of the response variable are ordered and the categories of each explanatory variable may be either ordered or unordered. The log-linear models for odds express the odds (or log odds) pertaining to adjacent response categories in terms of appropriate multiplicative (or additive) factors. These models include the 'null log-odds model', the 'uniform log-odds model', the 'parallel log-odds model', and other log-linear models for the odds. With these models, the dependence of the response variable (with ordered categories) can be analyzed in a manner analogous to the usual multiple regression analysis and related analysis of variance and analysis of covariance. Application of log-linear models for the odds sheds light on earlier applications of log-linear models for the frequencies in contingency tables with ordered categories.

Biometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lung transfer factor for CO at rest in normal children by a steady-state method.

Lung transfer for CO (TLCO) was measured at rest in 94 normal children (47 boys and 47 girls) whose ages ranged from 3.5 to 16 years. A steady-state method, using a technique of alveolar sampling based on the equality of the mean expiratory and alveolar respiratory quotients, was employed. Highly significant correlations, statistically different for boys and girls, were fond between TLCO and standing height. TLCO was also linearly correlated with the functional residual capacity--the only pulmonary volume measurable in very young children--but without any sex difference. A multiple linear regression relates TLCO to FRC and height. Variance analysis shows the preponderant influence of FRC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Gas-liquid chromatographic-thermal energy analyzer determination of N-nitrosodimethylamine in beer: collaborative study.

The GLC/TEA method for N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in beer was studied collaboratively by 13 laboratories from 7 countries. Collaborators were asked to analyze a total of 10 randomly labeled samples of beer consisting of the following duplicates: a naturally contaminated commercial beer; a beer extremely low (ca 0.1 ppb) in NDMA; and the low NDMA beer spiked with 0.5, 1.9, and 5.0 ppb NDMA. The pooled repeatability and reproducibility coefficients of variation (CV) for all samples were 17% and 27%, respectively. However, when data from 2 laboratories (outliers) were omitted, the corresponding CV values improved considerably (11% and 15%, respectively). Variance analysis showed the presence of a significant laboratory-sample interaction when all data were used for analysis, but this interaction disappeared when data from the 2 outlying laboratories were excluded. The pooled percent recovery of the overall method (omitting outliers) was 101.4 +/- 3.5. All the laboratories detected NDMA in the low NDMA beer. The method was adopted official first action.

Beer↗
PubMed1980

[Comparison of the effect of premedication with diazepam and trazodone on anesthesia induced with althesin].

Interference on the part of premedication with diazepam and trazodone with althesin anaesthesia was investigated and compared by means of variance analysis according to Fisher, and the X2c test according to Yates, in 150 patients aged 35-45 yr in three groups of 50 during examination of the uterine cavity. No marked difference between the effects of the two drugs were noted, with two exceptions: 1) trazodone was better able to potentiate the hypnotic action of althesin, so that less was needed for the induction of anaesthesia; 2) patients pretreated wih diazepam displayed a marked increase in postoperative somnolence, this being an expression of the drug's hypnotic effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[The natural history of dialysis encephalopathy (author's transl)].

18 data with etiopathogenetic relations to the dialysis encephalopathy, such as plasma aluminum levels, parameters of azotemia and parathyroid function, blood pressure, IQ, and EEG-findings, were compared between 5 patients suffering with encephalopathy and 54 dialysis-patients without neurological symptoms. The investigations, including statistical computations (variance analysis, multiple linear regression, multivariate analysis) elicited the following results: 1. All patients suffering from encephalopathy showed higher plasma aluminum concentrations (505 +/- 58 microgram/L : 228.9 +/- 213 microgram/L, p = greater than 0.01), higher serum calcium levels (2.48 +/- 0.15 mmol/L : 2.35 +/- 0.11 mmol/L, p = less than 0.001), higher rates of osteopathy and abnormal EEG's (5 of 5 : 7 in 41 patients). 2. Age, duration of dialysis treatment, quality of dialysis treatment, blood pressure, did not show any pathogenetic influence. 3. Hyperaluminemia was caused by the oral administration of aluminum hydroxide. After reduction of the daily dose from originally 6.18 +/- 3.24 gm to 1.52 +/- 0.45 gm, the plasma aluminum levels decreased to 54.05 +/- 34.59 microgram/L without any adverse effects on the serum phosphate levels. The results suggest that dialysis-patients need less AI-OH than is usually indicated. 4. Encephalopathy did not occur after normalisation of plasma aluminum levels. 5. With respect to the aluminum toxicity in dialysis-patients, dialysis encephalopathy should not be classified as a complication of multifactorial etiology. Only hyperparathyroidism seems to be an additional risk factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Electromyographic study of shoulder joint.

The abduction in the scapular plane and forward flexion of the arm were studied in ten subjects by electromyography combined with goniometry permitting simultaneous measurement of arm and glenohumeral angles. The "integrated" electromyograms from six should girdle muscles plotted against the arm angle were submitted to variance analysis for pattern discrimination. The progression of electromyographic activities in these muscles was discriminable with errors ranging from 0.0 to 26.3 percent and could be classified in several categories. Their relationship with functional mechanism to the abduction movement was not necessarily constant, but accelerated just before the maximum elevation.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1981

[Comparison between hypo- and hyperglucidic diets on protein sparing in major visceral surgery (author's transl)].

The authors compare the protein sparing effect of two diets, exclusively intravenous, including the same protein intake, but a different caloric intake, 21 calories/gm nitrogen for diet "A" (20 cases); 138 calories/gm nitrogen for diet "B" (20 cases). This has been observed during the six post-operative days of major visceral surgery: oesophagectomy, total gastrectomy, colic or rectocolic exeresis, sequestrectomy for acute pancreatitis, lots having been drawn for the diets. Daily nitrogen balances have been made and plasmatic and urinary levels of amino-acids have been measured before surgery and on the third and fifth post-operative days. Statistical exploitation is done by variance analysis (linear model of three factors) with a 99% confidence ratio: 1) Patient factor has no influence whatsoever on cumulative nitrogen balance. 2) Time factor arises only on the fourth post-operative day and only in the hypocaloric diet, leading to catabolism. 3) Metabolic condition is determinant. On no cancerous disease, superiority of hypercaloric diet is well demonstrated. On cancerous disease, nitrogen loss is only significantly different on 4th and 5th post-operative day: hypercaloric diet gives a better nitrogen balance.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Surgery of abdominal aortic aneurysm infra-renal. Hemodynamic changes induced by aortic clamping and declamping. Eight cases (author's transl)].

Hemodynamic data of 8 patients undergoing planned resection of abdominal aortic aneurysm are statistically analyzed by variance analysis ("patient" factor and "time" factor). The results are: 1. "Patient" factor exists for all the variables studied. 2. "Time" factor is present for some of them. After aortic clamping, there is a significant decrease of the systolic index (p less than 0.05) and of the left ventricular systolic work index (p less than 0.01). After aorting declamping, a high significant increase of the mean right auricular pressure (p less than 0.001) and of mean capillary wedge pressure (p less than 0.001) are seen. Similar results are observed at the end of surgery. The results are commented with regard of the literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Microdiffusion and fluoride-specific electrode determination of fluoride in infant foods: collaborative study.

Twelve laboratories analyzed (1 replicate) 12 samples of infant foods--milk, pears, and peas--containing 0.2-5 ppm F. There was one laboratory outlier. Mean coefficients of variation were 7.06% for intralaboratory determination of 3 sets of blind duplicates and 21.6% for interlaboratory determination of 12 samples. Variance analysis for all samples yielded a reproducibility standard deviation of 0.41 ppm; for 3 sets of blind duplicates, repeatability standard deviation was 0.26 ppm and reproducibility standard deviation was 0.32 ppm.

Diffusion↗
PubMed1980

[Left ventricular hemodynamics at rest and during exercise in patients with idiopathic mitral valve prolapse syndrome (author's transl)].

Idiopathic Mitral Valve Prolapse has been regarded by some authors as a primary cardiomyopathy. To determine, if left ventricular hemodynamics at rest and during exercise are impaired, 20 young symptomatic patients with idiopathic mitral valve prolapse, proven by echo- and phonocardiography, without coronary artery disease or severe mitral regurgitation, underwent supine bicycle exercise stress testing. Pulmonary artery pressure, central venous oxygen saturation and cardiac index as well as heart rate were measured with a Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheter and the results compared with those of 10 voluntary normal subjects. Variance analysis showed no significant differences in global left ventricular hemodynamics between patients with idiopathic mitral valve prolapse and normal subjects at rest as well as during exercise. In addition no significant differences were found between patients with echocardiographical holosystolic or mesosystolic mitral valve prolapse. In patients with idiopathic mitral valve prolapse, global left ventricular hemodynamics are not impaired neither at rest nor during exercise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Informational content of discrete data from parallel test with similar biological objects: selection of key tests.

Results from parallel tests with similar biological objects are frequently interrelated. If the data are discrete which is a typical situation in biological mass-screening, the information-theoretical concept of Shannon's entropy can be used to unreval redundancies within such test and to recognize tests with high informational content. This concept was applied to two examples from the screening for fungicidal activity, and the results were compared with activity-activity relationships obtained from pattern recognition and with variance analysis. There was good agreement, and the entropy calculation indeed yielded a very sensitive measure for the informational structure of the data. If the informational structure is known redundant tests may be eliminated. If the evaluation of quantitative structure-activity relationships is attempted it is furthermore possible to restrict the calculations to key tests with high information.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1980

[Relationship between mortality from ischaemic heart and cerebro-vascular diseases, and the main dietary constituents. Study of the 1968 mortality of active French men aged 45-64 (author's transl)].

The relation between death rates from ischaemic heart and cerebro-vascular diseases among Frenchmen aged 45-64, and some dietary constituents was studied. Data concerned population groups defined by the geographic regions and the socioeconomic classes. A specific statistical model of variance analysis was considered. A positive association between the daily sugar intake and the death rates from ischaemic heart diseases were observed. On the other hand, several positive associations between the daily intake of protein, fat, carbohydrate and total calories (without alcohol) and death rates from cerebrovascular diseases were found. The quality of nutritional data, however, implies some prudence in interpreting these results.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1980

[On measuring of factors influencing the complex need for cultural entertainments of the inhabitants in geriatric nursing homes (3rd information) (author's transl)].

In our 2. information on the investigation of the need for cultural entertainments of inhabitants in geriatric nursing homes we tested the influence of the factors age, sex, kind of work and during of stay in the geriatric nursing home singly and successively for each single indicator of this complex need. In this 3. information the influence of this four factors was investigated in these contradictory dependency on the indicators under synchronous consideration of their contradictory dependency. The contradictory dependency of the factors was presented by typisation (cluster analysis). As a result of the cluster analysis same classes arose--similar disposed inhabitants belong to same classes. The average coinage in this classes was obtained and differences were analysed by statistical methods multidimensional analysis of variance and analysis of discriminance).

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Factors that control personality characteristics of fertile women and their attitudes towards sexuality, pregnancy, and childbirth (author's transl)].

A group of 630 probands was selected by random sampling and exposed to variance analysis to find out the extent to which extraversion and neuroticism as well as attitudes towards sexuality and gravidity depended on several conditions, such as desired pregnancy, undesired pregnancy, and no pregnancy, and on several demographic parameters, such as age, number of children, marital status, and occupational skills. The results were likely to suggest super-accidental correlations between condition and attitude towards pregnancy, age and extraversion (correlated also with condition), scare of childbirth as well as attitude towards pregnancy and sexuality, occupational skills and neuroticism, timidity as well as attitude towards sexuality and gravidity, marital status and neuroticism as well as scare of childbirth, and, finally, between number of children and scare of childbirth as well as attitude towards sexuality. Practice-related consequences are discussed.

Adult↗