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At least 1,387 records · Page 77Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Excision of mid-lower rectal carcinoma through abdomen and anogenital space].

28 men with male mid and lower rectal carcinoma were treated by dissecting sigmoid colon and rectum in the abdomen through the anogenital space, which refers to the potential coronoid space located between the deep transverse perineal muscles and anal sphincter muscles. The rectal segment was pulled out through the anogenital space to accomplish resection and anastomosis outside the pelvic cavity. Follow-up for 9-57 months showed that 26 cases (92.9%) survived without recurrence of carcinoma and 1 had local recurrence. The advantages of the procedure include clear exploration, minimal trauma, super-lower anastomoses under direct vision, good recovery of defecating function, and less contamination of pelviccavity.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Echo-planar imaging (EPI) of the abdomen].

The time resolution of echoplanar imaging (EPI) allows the acquisition of images < or = 100 ms, thus eliminating motion-related artifacts of the abdomen. Physical limitations are restrictions in signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution. Breath-held acquisitions are recommended to avoid spatial misregistrations and to ensure a defined slice position. Clinical studies have demonstrated the usefulness of EPI for the detection and characterization of focal liver lesions. The development of clinical strategies of EPI for abdominal imaging requires the administration of gastrointestinal contrast agents as in computed tomography. Current clinically approved CT contrast agents appear to be applicable for abdominal EPI because of their long relaxation times.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Giant cyst of the liver with complete resolution following blunt trauma to the abdomen.

Here we report on a 78-year old female who was admitted to a local hospital with unspecific abdominal complaints. Sonography showed a solitary liver cyst 30 cm in diameter confirmed by computed tomography. At that time the patient refused any intervention. Thus, neither needle puncture nor operation were carried out. Approximately three years later patient was reexamined following a fall with blunt trauma to the chest and abdomen. Ultrasound examination now indicated complete disappearance of the cyst and this was confirmed by computed tomography. To our knowledge disappearance of such a large cyst following a blunt trauma has not been previously documented by CT imaging.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1996

Duration of antibiotic treatment in surgical infections of the abdomen. Postoperative peritonitis.

Postoperative peritonitis is potentially lethal and is usually caused by leakage of gut contents. Successful management depends on early diagnosis and treatment which require clinical suspicion and aggressive diagnostic imaging. Treatment consists of fluid and nutritional resuscitation, peritoneal toilet, control of gut leakage and initiation of antimicrobial therapy. Since delay in diagnosis is common, antimicrobial treatment is usually begun when the infection has become well developed. Experimental evidence has shown that in some settings antimicrobial agents do not perform as well in later stages of infection but whether this applies to peritonitis is not known. The optimal duration of antimicrobial therapy has not been studied specifically in postoperative peritonitis. Arguments for prolonged treatment include the potential for greater killing of bacteria in patients who have severe infections. Arguments against prolongation of therapy include the lesser role of antibiotics compared with operative management, doubt about the value of antibiotics' ability to kill bacteria at later stages of infection and the significant number of infective and non-infective complications of drug therapy. Limitation of antimicrobial treatment to no more than seven days is advocated. Persistent clinical signs, fever, or leucocytosis should prompt a search for a drainable focus of infection in the abdomen or treatable site elsewhere.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

Blunt trauma abdomen: a study of 63 cases.

63 cases of blunt abdominal trauma were studied. It was more common in males and in the age group 21-30 years. Majority of the injuries were due to automobile accidents. Commonly presenting feature was pain abdomen and vomiting. Abdominal paracentesis revealed haemoperitoneum in 40 cases which was subsequently confirmed on laparotomy in all the cases. 40 cases had no visible external injury but subsequent laparotomy revealed internal visceral injury in 29 cases. Exploratory laparotomy was carried out in 43 cases, remaining were treated conservatively. Liver was found to be the commonest organ injured. Post operative complications developed in 5 cases and deaths occurred in 7 cases mainly due to associated extra-abdominal injuries, poor pre-operative general condition, delayed diagnosis and management. We conclude that a multipronged approach towards early diagnosis and vigorous management should be adopted to reduce the morbidity and mortality in patients with blunt abdominal trauma.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1995

[Gunshot wounds of the abdomen].

Results of an analysis of 1404 cases of gunshot penetrating wounds of the abdomen and 451 thoracoabdominal wounds got by servicemen during the war in Afghanistan (1979-1989) are presented. Under consideration are the character of injuries of organs of the abdominal cavity, the operative procedures performed, the postoperative treatment, complications and outcomes.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality assurance in radiotherapy of neoplasms of the upper abdomen.

Neoplasms of the upper abdomen involve complex problems for radiotherapy. In fact, the anatomical structures are close to each other, lymphatic vessels are numerous and complex, there are organs of low radiation tolerance whose reciprocal position is of difficult assessment and finally there is high visceral mobility due to the diaphragmatic movements. Moreover most organs cannot be identified with the simulator and bone references are of little use. Therefore, treatment of these sites requires the routine application of quality assurance programs, checks of treatment reproducibility, in particular: In a number of clinical settings, CT study of the region (in treatment position) must be included in treatment planning and set-up with simulator and fluoroscopy. Before, during, and after radiotherapy, clinical exams and laboratory tests should be performed to assess the integrity of critical organs.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

Technical improvements in fluorine-18-FDG PET imaging of the abdomen and pelvis.

UNLABELLED: PET tumor imaging of the abdomen and pelvis is prone to artifacts due to urinary tract activity. A new technique has been developed to reduce such artifacts and enhance study interpretation. METHODS: Thirty minutes after the injection of 18F-FDG, 500 cc 0.45% NaCl were administered intravenously over 30 min and a Foley catheter was placed in the bladder. At the start of imaging (60 min post-injection), furosemide was given (0.3 mg/kg). Prior to imaging the pelvis, the urinary catheter was clamped and saline was introduced retrograde into the bladder until full. RESULTS: This technique has been used successfully in more than 130 patients, resulting in a marked improvement in study quality and tumor detection. CONCLUSION: Hydration and administration of furosemide, along with placement of a Foley catheter in the bladder, have proven effective in eliminating image artifacts originating from the kidneys, ureters and bladder. Backfilling the bladder also provides a well-defined anatomic landmark for study interpretation.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

[Experiences with primary fascia closure of the abdomen in gastroschisis--a 16 year review].

47 children with gastroschisis were operated at the Hannover Medical School between 1980 and 1995. The average gestation period was the 36th week of pregnancy with an average birthweight of 2370 gr. A primary layered closure of the abdominal wall was performed on 46 children. A multi-sided closure of the abdominal wall defect using Gore-Tex was necessary in only one case. Post-operative intubation lasted for an average of 56 hours. The children were fed by parenteral nutrition for an average of 32 days, with oral feeding starting on the 15th post-operative day. The average weight on discharge was 3035 gr. 18% of the children had post-operative problems such as sepsis, necrotic enterocolitis and ileus. A death rate of only 2% is proof of the progress that has been made in prenatal care of the newborn child suffering from gastroschisis and suggests that primary closure of the abdomen is the operative method to be aimed for.

Abdominal Muscles↗