Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “UTIs”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Prevalence of bacterial urinary tract infection after perineal urethrostomy in cats.

It has been reported that the prevalence of bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI) increases after perineal urethrostomy in male cats. Perineal urethrostomy, using a surgical technique preserving striated urethral sphincter function, was performed on 2 groups of cats. The first group consisted of healthy castrated cats. The second group of cats had recurrent or persistent urethral obstruction. All cats had normal urethral sphincter function after surgery, as measured by urethral pressure profilometry and electromyography. Long-term periodic urinalysis and bacterial culturing of urine was performed on all cats. Twenty-two percent of the previously obstructed cats had recurrent bacterial UTI, compared with none of the healthy cats. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that perineal urethrostomy per se does not predispose cats to bacterial UTI, but surgical alteration of the urethral meatus combined with an underlying uropathy may increase the prevalence of ascending bacterial UTI after surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Correlation of urinary tract infections with the vaginal colonization in postmenopausal women].

Estrogen deficiency is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections (UTI) in postmenopausal women. After menopause, the vaginal pH increases, lactobacilli disappear from the vaginal flora, and the vagina is predominantly colonized by Enterobacteriaceae, especially Escherichia coli. To better understand the associations between post-menopausal vaginal flora and the development of UTI, we conducted a prospective study among 87 postmenopausal women ages between 50-65 years. Vaginal samples were collected from lateral vaginal wall of women to perform a smear on a glass slide and placed on appropriate media. The smear was then stained with Gram stain. Urine samples were collected and cultured by standard bacteriologic techniques. Vaginal lactobacilli were present in 55.2%, and vaginal Enterobacteriaceae were present in 40.2% of the subjects. Heavy growth of lactobacilli was associated with a lower frequency of vaginal colonization with Enterobacteriaceae members (p<0.001), Streptococcus sp. (p<0.05) and Pseudomonas sp. (p<0.05). The most commonly isolated microorganism was E. coli. The frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic UTI among postmenopausal women were found 17.5% (15/87) and 11.5% (10/87), respectively. As a result, Enterobacteriaceae colonization of the vagina in postmenopausal women increases the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic UTI (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively).

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Urinary tract infection due to Salmonella stanleyville in an otherwise healthy child.

A healthy four-year-old boy developed a febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) due to Salmonella stanleyville. The UTI developed following an episode of enteritis due to the same organism. Salmonella UTI is uncommon and is reported more often in patients with a predisposing factor, such as immune deficiency or a structural abnormality, in the urinary tract. Salmonella stanleyville has not been previously reported as a cause of UTI.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of three-day antimicrobial therapy and lactobacillus vaginal suppositories on recurrence of urinary tract infections.

Forty-one adult women with acute lower urinary tract infections (UTI) were randomly treated for three days with norfloxacin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). Infection was eradicated in 100% of norfloxacin-treated patients and in 95% of TMP/SMX-treated patients. UTI recurred in 29% of patients treated with norfloxacin and in 41% of those treated with TMP/SMX. Post-therapy vaginal administration of lactobacillus suppositories resulted in a recurrence rate of UTI of only 21%, while in patients given sterilized skim-milk suppositories the recurrence rate was 47%. This study indicates that lactobacillus vaginal suppositories are safe and may be effective in reducing the recurrence of UTI following antimicrobial therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reducing the risk of catheter-related urinary tract infection.

It is estimated that 10-12 per cent of hospital patients and four per cent of patients in the community have a urinary catheter at any one time (Stamm, 1998). Urinary tract infections (UTIs) account for almost half of all health care-associated infection (HAI), and a significant number of these infections are related to the insertion of urinary catheters (Pratt et al, 2001). Recent research has estimated that a patient who has a catheter for 20 days is almost certain to develop a catheter-related UTI and that the cost of treatment of UTI is estimated as being 1,327 pounds sterling per patient (Roadhouse and Wellsted, 2004). Plowman et al (1999) have estimated that a UTI can extend the length of a patient's stay in hospital by six days.

Cost of Illness↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childhood urinary tract infection: a clinical analysis of 597 cases.

OBJECTIVES OF STUDY: To gain new insights into the epidemiology, genitourinary (GU) tract anomalies, etiologies, susceptibility of urinary pathogens to antibiotics in children with urinary tract infection (UTI) during the past decade in Taiwan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By reviewing medical charts for patients admitted to Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital between January 1995 and December 2003, we identified and enrolled patients 14 years of age or less admitted due to UTI that was confirmed by positive urine culture. RESULTS: A total of 597 patients made up our sample. Sixty-eight percent of patients were 1 year old or younger. Boys predominated infant cohort (68.1%). Twenty-seven point one percent of the patients were found in urinalysis to have 5 white blood cells or fewer per high power field and 17.6% had positive nitrite reaction. The pathogens were Escherichia coli, the most common (74.7%), followed by Proteus spp. (6.7%), and Klebsiella spp. (6.4%). E. coli was resistant to ampicillin in 82.0% of the cases, followed by sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (55.2%), gentamicin (24.9%), and cefazolin (24%). Resistance to ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim tended to increase year by year. Forty point seven percent (164/408) of patients had GU tract anomalies, the most common being vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) (87/164, 53.0%). Thirty-three point two percent of the patients with acute pyelonephritis, confirmed by 99mTc dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scan, had VUR. CONCLUSION: Our cohort was predominated by boys, especially in those less than a year old. E. coli, the most common pathogen, had a higher rate of resistance to ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim. The pathogens that cause UTI were found to be becoming increasingly resistant to the common antimicrobial agents used in this study. The most common GU tract anomaly was VUR, yet the incidence was lower than that of other reports. A positive DMSA renal scan finding was a good indicator for prediction the possibility of VUR in UTI patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Organisms causing urinary tract infection in pediatric patients at Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad.

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in pediatric practice and an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Infected urine stimulates an immunological and inflammatory response leading to renal injury and scarring, ultimately leading to end stage renal failure. The present study identifies the micro organisms causing urinary tract infection in children presenting with UTI at Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. METHODS: One hundred patients of either sex, ranging from neonatal period to fifteen years of age were studied at the Pediatric units of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. Urine colony count and culture were done on the suspected cases. RESULT: Urinary tract infection was common among females, except in the neonatal period. Escherichia coli was the most common organism isolated (71.0%), followed by Klebsiella (13%), Proteus (11%), Staphylococcus (4%) and Pseudomonas (1%). Proteus was isolated from the males only. CONCLUSION: UTI is a significant problem in the children and requires a large scale study at regular intervals in order to identify organisms from time to time and recommend prompt treatment to reduce UTI related morbidity and mortality in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Epidemiology of urinary incontinence in Jordanian women.

OBJECTIVE: To find out prevalence rate of urine incontinence (UI) in a representative sample of women aged 50-65 years in south Jordan. The study will also investigate the relationship between UI (stress and urge) and the following variables: age of the woman and her parity, diabetes mellitus, urinary tract infection (UTI), body mass index (BMI), medications (diuretics), menopause, past history of hysterectomy, and poor mobility. METHODS: For achieving the objectives of this study, a sample of women (n=182) in the age group 50 - 65 years in south Jordan (Karak, Taffileh, Aqaba) was selected using a multistage sampling procedure to represent women in this age group in south Jordan. A questionnaire and face-to-face interviews were used as the instrument for data collection. The questionnaire was tested in a pilot study before starting data collection from the field. Data was collected from the field in July 2003. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Chi Square Test and Fisher's Exact Probability Test were used to identify the significance of associations between UI and characteristics of the respondents. RESULTS: Approximately one third of respondents had urinary incontinence; 23.1% had stress UI, 26.4% had urge UI, and 18.1% had the mixed type. Prevalence rate of UI was 56.3% for women suffering from UTI and 50% for those who use diuretics. Approximately 54% of women who need help to go around inside the house were complaining of UI. High prevalence rates were also observed if parity was 5 - 6 (43.5%), women at menopause (39.7%), obese women (39.3%), and in diabetic women (35%). High prevalence rates of stress incontinence were found in women suffering from UTI (37.5%), in women using diuretics (39.5%), if parity was 5 - 6 (34.8%), and in women with past history of hysterectomy (28.6%). Stress UI was increasing with the increase in the BMI. The associations between urge incontinence, BMI, UTI, use of diuretics, and the ability to go around inside the house were all significant at the 0.05 level. CONCLUSION: Prevalence rate of UI varied from one country to another and from one study to another study. Possible reasons for such inconsistency were discussed. Appropriate treatment of UI should be based on valid diagnosis of cases, type of UI, and the identification of contributing factors. Lines of treatment and interventions for UI were discussed. Further studies of this condition are needed in Jordan for both males and females and in all age groups. Such studies should emphasize the size of the problem, etiology and risk factors, and the cost of the problem for both the incontinent person and for the health care system.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Overview of the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of urinary tract infections in infants and children.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common serious bacterial infection in infants and children. UTI is an infection of the lower urinary tract, the upper urinary tract, or both. The diagnosis is dependent on the collection and analysis of an uncontaminated urine specimen. It is the combination of bacterial virulence, and host factors that are closely interrelated, which lead to the development of a UTI. Management of UTI in infants and children requires prompt diagnosis, treatment, and resolution of symptoms followed by appropriate radiologic evaluation. The ultimate goal is the preservation of kidney function.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical presentation of urinary tract infection among children at Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad.

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is still common among children all over the world and a cause for significant number of out patient visits. Keeping in view the high incidence of UTI in children with associated morbidity and mortality, it is imperative to diagnose the urinary tract infection early and to treat the infection. We carried out this study to look into the clinical profile of UTI in children presenting at Ayub Teaching Hospital. METHODS: One hundred patients of diagnosed UTI, from 0 to 15 years of age admitted in the Pediatric units of Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad were included in the study. A proforma was used to record the clinical and laboratory presentation of these patients. RESULTS: Fever was the commonest clinical presentation (92%) followed by dysuria (68%) and failure to thrive (31%). CONCLUSION: Clinical profile of urinary tract infection in children in this study was not significantly different from that of other developing and developed countries, however it will help us a lot in speedy diagnosis of our Paediatrics patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Increasing ciprofloxacin resistance among prevalent urinary tract bacterial isolates in the Gaza Strip.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to assess common organisms causing urinary tract infection (UTI) in the Gaza Strip, Palestinian Authority and to examine the incidence of ciprofloxacin resistance in the strains of bacteria isolated from patients suspected with UTI over a six-month period. METHODS: Ciprofloxacin was evaluated along with other commonly-used antibiotics against a total of 480 clinical isolates obtained from urine samples. The samples were collected from community patients from different parts of the Gaza Strip. Susceptibility tests were done by the Kerby Bauer method. RESULTS: Among the tested drugs, the percent resistance rate to ciprofloxacin was 15.0 percent. However, high resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected among Acinetobacter haemolyticus (28.6 percent), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (25.0 percent), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.0 percent), Klebsiella pneumonia (17.6 percent) and Escherichia coli (12.0 percent). Minimal inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin was measured for all resistant UTI isolates. CONCLUSION: This study indicates emerging ciprofloxacin resistance among most UTI bacterial pathogens. Increasing resistance against ciprofloxacin demands coordinated monitoring of its activity and rational use of the antibiotics.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed2005

Sex-induced cystitis--patient burden and other epidemiological features.

Although sexual intercourse has been established as an important risk factor for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) in women, the exact the rate of recurrent UTI due to sexual intercourse and its patient burden is unknown. According to our findings, sex-induced cystitis (SIC) accounts for almost 4% of lower urinary tract infections and for 60% of the recurrent cases. Is most frequent between 23 to 27 years and affect mainly women from low and median socioeconomic groups. Behavioral risk factors of SIC include frequency of sexual intercourse and the use of condoms, while the absence of a stable sexual companion does not add further risk. No seasonal variation has been observed in reinfections suspected of SIC. According to information obtained from our questionnaire each episode of this type of UTI in young women was shown to be associated with three to six days of symptoms and one to three days of restricted activity. E. coli was by far the most common pathogen accounting for 95% of primary UTI and 84% of recurrent SIC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Urogenital complications among girls with genital mutilation: a hospital-based study in Khartoum.

To explore paediatric complications of female genital mutilation (FGM), 255 consecutive girls aged 4-9 years presenting to an emergency ward in Sudan were included in this clinical study. Full examination, including inspection of genitalia, was performed. Dipsticks for nitrite and leucocytes were used to diagnose suspected urinary tract infection (UTI). Girls with a form of FGM narrowing vulva had significantly more UTI than others, and among girls below the age of seven there was a significant association between FGM and UTI. Only 8% of girls diagnosed as having UTI reported urogenital symptoms. In spite of the fact that 73% of the girls subjected to FGM were reported to have been bedridden for one week or more after the operation, only 10% stated immediate complications. We conclude that FGM contributes significantly to morbidity among girls, a large share of which does not come to medical attention.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Urinary tract infection among pregnant women in Al-Mukalla district, Yemen.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common problem in pregnant woman. This study examined the frequency of UTI in 137 pregnant women attending Al Mukalla maternity hospital from January to June 2002. Urine samples were examined for UTI microscopically and by culture, and sensitivity tests were done for the organisms isolated using a range of antibiotics. Information on age, trimester, parity and number of pregnancies were also collected for each woman. This study showed that 30% of the women suffered from UTI; Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated organism (41.5%), and it was highly susceptible to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, ceftizoxime and amikacin. Of the variables examined, 53.7% of the infected women were in the age group 15-24 years, 48.8% were in their 3rd trimester and 75.6% had 1-3 children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical study of sparfloxacin, a new quinolone derivative, on urinary tract infection].

Sparfloxacin (SPFX) was evaluated for its clinical efficacy in 22 patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) and 51 with chronic complicated urinary tract infection (CC-UTI). SPFX was administered in a single oral daily dose of 100 mg for 3 days to the patients with AUC. According to the UTI criteria, the efficacy rate was 100% (excellent rate was 78.9%). SPFX was also administered in a single oral dose of 200 to 300 mg mostly for 5 days to patients with CC-UTI. The efficacy rate according to the UTI criteria in the evaluable 22 cases was 45.5%. The efficacy rate according to the physicians in charge, evaluated as either excellent or good for the 23 cases treated with SPFX for 7 and 14 days was 65.2%, the overall efficacy rate in 49 cases including the administration for 5 days being 55.1%. In safety profile, subjective side effects were observed in 9 cases (12.3%), in 2 of which the medication was discontinued (2.7%). These side effects, flowever, recovered without any treatment to normal at the completion or discontinuation of the medication. The clinical laboratory values showed a slight elevation of BUN in 2 cases. SPFX was the most potent antimicrobial brug with a long blood elimination half life among the existing current new quinolones (NQs), indicating a possibility of once-a-day treatment regimen. In safety, side effects of SPFX were similar in general to those of other current NQs. Thus, SPFX is regarded as a highly useful antimicrobial drug when the drug is administered with consideration for its unique characteristics.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effects of ulinastatin in experimental acute arterial occlusion in rats.

The effects of ulinastatin (human urinary trypsin inhibitor, UTI) were studied in experimental acute arterial occlusion in rats. The experimental model comprised concurrent cross-clamping of the abdominal aorta and bilateral femoral arteries for 4 hours. Blood was sampled for measurement of the enzymes 2 hours after release of the clamps. The rats were grouped according to method of infusing UTI and/or physiologic saline solution. When UTI was infused continuously from the start of clamping, the plasma creatine phosphokinase and plasma beta-glucuronidase levels were significantly lower than in the control rats (p less than 0.05). The results suggest that UTI prevents the destruction of the lysosomal membrane in acute arterial occlusion.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection.

OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence, risk factors, clinical outcomes and antibiotic costs of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) in patients with indwelling urinary catheter for one week and longer MATERIAL AND METHOD: Patients in neurology and neurosurgery wards in a teaching hospital were studied. Patients with UTI before catheterization and in whom the catheter was removed before one week were excluded. Urine cultures were done immediately after catheterization and 3 times a week there after. Patients were followed for symptoms of UTI for 1 week after catheter removal, for 4 weeks without evidence of UTI or until discharge. RESULTS: One hundred and one patients met the inclusion criteria. The incidence of CA UTI was 73.3%. High incidence of CAUTI was found in the first 2 weeks after catheterization. About one-half of the patients with CAUTI had a single episode and were symptomatic. None of the 132 episodes of CAUTI were associated with secondary bacteremia. Risk factors for CAUTI identified were prolonged catheterization and change of the catheter Nosocomial pathogens were found in urine and yeast was the commonest. Eleven patients (14.9%) with CAUTI died and only in 2, CAUTI was considered a contributory factor for mortality. The cost of antimicrobials for treating one episode of CAUTI was 8,180 baht and this rose to 49,983 baht for CAUTI associated with concurrent infections at other sites. CONCLUSION: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection was common. Uropathogens were nosocomial micro-organisms with high incidence of resistance to antimicrobials. Impacts on morbidity, mortality and costs were substantial. Better management of urinary catheter is to be explored and implemented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Developing clinical rules to predict urinary tract infection in primary care settings: sensitivity and specificity of near patient tests (dipsticks) and clinical scores.

BACKGROUND: Suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common presentations in primary care. Systematic reviews have not documented any adequately powered studies in primary care that assess independent predictors of laboratory diagnosis. AIM: To estimate independent clinical and dipstick predictors of infection and to develop clinical decision rules. DESIGN OF STUDY: Validation study of clinical and dipstick findings compared with laboratory testing. SETTING: General practices in the south of England. METHOD: Laboratory diagnosis of 427 women with suspected UTI was assessed using European urinalysis guidelines. Independent clinical and dipstick predictors of diagnosis were estimated. RESULTS: UTI was confirmed in 62.5% of women with suspected UTI. Only nitrite, leucocyte esterase (+ or greater), and blood (haemolysed trace or greater) independently predicted diagnosis (adjusted odds ratios 6.36, 4.52, 2.23 respectively). A dipstick decision rule, based on having nitrite, or both leucocytes and blood, was moderately sensitive (77%) and specific (70%); positive predictive value (PPV) was 81% and negative predictive value (NPV) was 65%. Predictive values were improved by varying the cut-off point: NPV was 73% for all three dipstick results being negative, and PPV was 92% for having nitrite and either blood or leucocyte esterase. A clinical decision rule, based on having two of the following: urine cloudiness, offensive smell, and dysuria and/or nocturia of moderate severity, was less sensitive (65%) (specificity 69%; PPV 77%, NPV 54%). NPV was 71% for none of the four clinical features, and the PPV was 84% for three or more features. CONCLUSIONS: Simple decision rules could improve targeting of investigation and treatment. Strategies to use such rules need to take into account limited negative predictive value, which is lower than expected from previous research.

Adolescent↗