Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SCOLIOSIS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Scoliosis management in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: prospective study of modified Jewett hyperextension brace.

The management of scoliosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy is not standardized. Some centers offer no treatment, some provide customized body jackets or wheelchair inserts, and others recommend early surgical spinal fusion. Spinal orthoses are frequently prescribed at significant cost and inconvenience to the patient, with little evidence as to effectiveness in preventing scoliosis. This paper reports the preliminary findings of 22 patients involved in a study assessing the usefulness of a modified Jewett hyperextension brace. Seven brace wearers and 15 controls were entered into the study. The preliminary results indicate a mean curvature of 23.6 degrees (+/- 12.8 degrees) in the experimental group and 35.7 degrees (+/- 24.8 degrees) in the controls. Over an observation period ranging from two to seven years, the wearers have shown an average curve progression of 8.8 degrees/yr while the control group progressed at 11.2 degrees/yr. This difference is not considered statistically significant. We conclude that wearing the brace minimally slows scoliosis progression, but does not ultimately prevent a significant curve.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Results with Zielke instrumentation for idiopathic thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis.

Thirty-one patients (23 adolescent, eight adult) underwent spinal fusions with Zielke instrumentation for idiopathic thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis. Their curves averaged 55.2 degrees. In most patients the length of fusion did not extend beyond the major curve. Correction of scoliosis was 82% in adolescents and 59% in the adults. The kyphotic component of the curves was corrected from an average of 21 degrees to 8 degrees. Correction of the spinal vertebra rotation was 46% in the adolescent patients. The tilt angle of the vertebra at the lower end of the curve was reduced significantly. The fusion rate was 93.5%. Two of the adult patients developed pseudarthrosis. Major complications were not encountered. The Zielke instrumentation system in the management of idiopathic thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis offers the advantages of a relatively good correction and minimal segment fusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The experimental basis of idiopathic scoliosis.

Idiopathic scoliosis is a complex three-dimensional deformity of the spine of which the scoliotic deformity and rotation are entirely secondary to an abnormality of shape in the median sagittal plane. In the thoracic region, there is a lordosis where a kyphosis should exist. In a controlled series of animal experiments using the growing New Zealand white rabbit as the model, idiopathic scoliosis can readily be produced if an asymmetric lordosis is created in the lower thoracic spine. Neither pure lordosis nor pure scoliosis produces the progressive idiopathic deformity. In the experimental animal when the normal thoracic kyphosis is reconstituted before maturity, the idiopathic deformity spontaneously improves. This lays the foundation for a more physiologic approach to treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Results of the orthopedic treatment of scoliosis in children under 7 years of age. Apropos of 75 cases].

Seventy five children suffering from scoliosis under the age of 7 years have been treated by the authors. The treatment was commenced before the age of 4 in infantile scoliosis and before the age of 6 in juvenile scoliosis. It was based on the use of the Milwaukee brace used directly in cases of angulation less than 50 degrees and preceded by a plaster cast in other cases. The treatment was continuous with sometimes a few hours of freedom from bracing. Occasionally the treatment had to be stopped. The development of the curve was very variable. The authors have distinguished seven different types of development. The prognosis was therefore difficult to establish and was mainly based on the specific features of the progress of the curve. At puberty, deterioration was often seen despite bracing and there were many indications for spine fusion.

Braces↗
PubMed1985

[Thoracoplasty in scoliosis in children].

The article presents results of resection of costal humpback in 102 patients with scoliosis. Subperiosteal resection of the costal humpback without a fixation of the spine gave insufficient results, while resection of the humpback with a fixation of the spine with the Harrington distractor gave satisfactory results. Methods of decompressive thoracoplasty of the concave side of the chest in scoliosis were developed and used in 22 operations. Satisfactory cosmetic and functional results were obtained. No progress of scoliosis was noted. Within a year the lung volume became 2,8% greater as compared with the initial parameters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Results of Harrington instrumentation in the treatment for severe scoliosis.

Between July 1963 and December 1974, we surgically treated 207 patients who had severe scoliosis (curves greater than 90 degrees), 196 of whom were eligible for inclusion in this study. No patient was treated preoperatively with a cast or traction. Upon statistical analysis, age and preoperative curve magnitude proved to be significant variables relative to the amount of surgical correction obtained and the maintenance of that correction; sex and etiology of the scoliosis were not shown to affect either surgical outcome or maintenance of correction. A comparative analysis showed our results to be as good as those reported by others using various preoperative regimens of casting or traction or both. Therefore, we find that the preoperative application of traction to patients with severe scoliosis yields no better correction than the use of Harrington instrumentation and fusion alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Scoliosis at less than 30 degrees. Properties of the evolutivity (risk of progression).

In an attempt to find prognostic factors for mild scoliosis, the first clinical and radiologic data of 159 subjects with idiopathic scoliosis less than 30 degrees were correlated with the annual speed of progression estimated graphically by further examinations. Thoracic and double major are more progressive than thoracolumbar and lumbar. The correlation with rate of progression is better for supine angle than for standing angle. Curves with low supine angles are those that have great relative collapse and low risk of progression. Only the rib hump of thoracic and thoracolumbar are correlated with evolutivity. Predictive equations give less approximation for individual prognosis than a previous graphic method, so they are not used. Approximately 73% of scoliosis have evolutivities less than 6 degrees per year and required nocturn corrective treatment.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Flexibility of scoliosis. What does it mean? Is this terminology appropriate?

This work is a critical analysis of the term "flexibility of scoliosis." The authors demonstrate that this measure includes two very different and noncorrelated phenomena: the collapse and the reducibility of the structural curve. In 228 paralytic curves, these two phenomena were quantified and correlated with different parameters of scoliosis: sex, stage of maturation, curve pattern, number of vertebrae in the curve, spinal and abdominal test values, and the scoliotic evolution rate. Reducibility can be predicted since it is an elasticity process. Collapse is more complex, but it is a prognostic factor for evolution and effectiveness of treatment. The preliminary results of a similar study of idiopathic scoliosis are the same.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

The effect of corrective surgery on pulmonary function in scoliosis.

Pulmonary function was studied in thirty-five patients before, during, and immediately after major orthopaedic operations. One group of twenty patients had corrective procedures for idiopathic scoliosis. Fifteen patients had operations involving the extremities. In the patients with scoliosis were found that pulmonary mechanics, as expressed by flow resistance and elastic compliance, deteriorated during the operation; that pulmonary right-to-left shunting increased and arterial oxygen tension on air decreased immediately postoperatively; and that vital capacity was greatly reduced after the operation. No significant changes took place in the rest of the patients. We concluded that corrective operations for idiopathic scoliosis are associated with major reductions of pulmonary function in the immediate postroperative period, so that postoperative respiratory failure would be a risk in patients who had compromised pulmonary function preoperatively. We therefore recommend pulmonary function testing preoperatively and outline one approach to this problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The operative treatment of congenital scoliosis. A report of 23 patients.

Spinal fusion was performed in 23 patients with congenital scoliosis. Various procedures were used including posterior fusion and without instrumentation. No surgical procedure proved to be superior for obtaining correction regardless of the use of supplemental instrumentation. The use of Knodt or Harrington Instrumentation could not be correlated with a lower pseudoarthrosis rate, shorter postoperative immunobilization period, or a decrease in postoperative loss of correction. The morbidity associated with these surgical procedures was high (48%). Thoracic curves were more prone to lengthen or develop kyphoses postoperatively. A high incidence of varied congenital anomalies was found in association with congenital scoliosis. A through work-up including an intravenous pyelogram and myelogram is strongly recommended prior to the operative treatment of congenital scoliosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Aetiopathogenesis of scoliosis, hip dysplasia and torticollis in infancy (author's transl)].

The special risk of the newborn to acquire, skeletal deformities is based on the increased plasticity, intensity of growth and extrapyramidal activity of reflexes which influence each other. These 3 factors may lead to structural growth- and weight bearing deformities in the presence of shrinking contractures and a unilateral oblique habitual position of the trunk. Considering the "Seventh Syndrome" the dual pathogenesis of scoliosis in infancy is discussed from our present point of view (including scoliosis due to oblique body position - moulded baby syndrome - and its deterioration as against true idiopathic infantile or advanced juvenile scoliosis respectively. Similarly is discussed the relation of hip dysplasia due to oblique habitual trunk position in regard to hip dysplasia in connection with CDH as well as the habitual oblique position of the head as against true muscular torticollis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on skin fibroblasts of patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

Previous examinations of skin biopsies suggested that connective tissue may be abnormal in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. The fibroblast culture system has proven a powerful technique for approaching many diseases of known connective origin, and therefore, seemed an appropriate method with which to study scoliosis. Present observations on collagen synthesis, skin collagen extractability, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis and degradation appear normal. Idiopathic scoliosis does not prove to be a generalized connective tissue disorder. While factors other than collagen and GAG metabolism seem not to be at fault, other possibilities seem not to be taken into consideration by basic research on the spinal column: genetics, biochemistry, and physiology.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1984

Psychological effects of idiopathic adolescent scoliosis.

This article reviews the literature concerning psychological characteristics of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Although much has been written on the topic, it is largely based on clinical judgment rather than empirical data. In spite of methodological flaws, the few empirical studies available raise questions regarding the following issues: maladjustment occurs in a significant number of adolescents with scoliosis; there are sex and age differences in response to scoliosis diagnosis and treatment; and noncompliance is a major factor in treatment. Implications for further research are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

Acquired spondylolisthesis following scoliosis surgery. A case report.

The association between scoliosis and spondylolisthesis is well documented; however, spondylolisthesis following a posterior spinal fusion with Harrington rod instrumentation for idiopathic scoliosis has not been previously reported. Internal fixation of the spine with metal rods and fusion for scoliosis produces a stress concentration at the immediately adjacent levels. This, combined with other factors that may cause failure of the neural arch, can lead to a traumatic spondylolisthesis. In an 11-year-old boy, localized pain and impending listhesis indicated that the instrumentation should be removed and an arthrodesis completed.

Child↗
PubMed1984

An objective criterion for scoliosis screening.

A specially designed inclinometer has been used to measure one part of the clinical deformity (asymmetry of the trunk) that is seen in scoliosis. This objective measurement provides one good guideline that can effectively determine, in surveys of children, whether or not further orthopaedic evaluation is needed. A minimum significant angle of trunk rotation of 5 degrees was shown by computer-analyzed data from 1,065 patients to be a good criterion for identifying curvatures of 20 degrees or more. The specificity of scoliosis screening in this manner has a projected false-negative rate of 0.1 per cent and a high degree of sensitivity. The method is simple, reliable, and inexpensive. It is easily taught to lay personnel who can be employed in scoliosis screening procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Scoliosis and school screening for spinal deformity.

The onset of "idiopathic" scoliosis is gradual. It goes unnoticed by parent and child alike. The problem is often not detected until the curvature has progressed. Severe scoliosis has serious long-term systemic, cosmetic and psychologic effects. School-based screening programs are very effective in reducing the number of operations required. These programs can be carried out by school nurses, physical education teachers and volunteers who are trained by a knowledgeable physician. Brace treatment is successful when scoliosis is detected only.

Braces↗
PubMed1984

Occult intraspinal anomalies and congenital scoliosis.

Of 251 patients with congenital scoliosis, occult congenital intraspinal anomalies were diagnosed in forty-six (18.3 per cent). A diastematomyelia was the commonest anomaly (forty-one patients). Other less common anomalies, occurring alone or in association with a diastematomyelia, were: neurenteric, epidermoid, and dermoid cysts; teratoma; lipofibroma; absence of nerve roots; fibrous bands; and a tight filum terminale. Intraspinal anomalies were associated with all types and sites of congenital scoliosis by far the highest incidence (52 per cent) occurred in association with a unilateral unsegmented bar with contralateral hemivertebrae in the lower thoracic or thoracolumbar regions. Thirty of the patients with an intraspinal anomaly had neural abnormalities, which usually affected only one lower extremity, and in twenty-four patients a paralytic foot deformity developed. Neural deterioration occurred in nine of these patients before the age of five years and was halted by excision of the anomaly. An additional twelve patients (4.8 per cent) of the 251 with congenital scoliosis also had a unilateral neural deficit in the lower limb and a paralytic foot deformity, similar to those found in the patients with an intraspinal anomaly, but had no myelographic evidence of a structural anomaly.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Measurement of scoliosis by orthopedic surgeons and radiologists.

Minimum medical standards for USAF flying personnel have been compiled in Air Force Regulation 160-43. This regulation specifies the maximum allowable amount of scoliosis, but does not specify who should read the X-ray film to determine, using the Cobb method, the degree of curvature in scoliotic individuals. In the present study, an X-ray of an individual with mild scoliosis was sent to departments of radiology and orthopedics at major U.S. Armed Forces Medical Centers. Although the mean estimated degree of curvature was the same for both the orthopedists and the radiologists, the variance in the radiologists' replies was considerably higher than normally expected. It is, therefore, recommended that scoliosis films of individuals being screened for flying duties should be reviewed by a qualified orthopedic surgeon.

Aerospace Medicine↗