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At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Sexuality and the human body: the subject's view through video images].

This study analyzes images of the body linked to sexual and reproductive behavior found in the communication processes mediated by so-called educational videos. In the relationship between subject and technology, the paper is intended to characterize the discourses and the view or perspective currently shaping health education practices. Focusing on the potential in the relationship between the enunciator and subjects represented in the text and the interaction between health professionals and messages, the study attempts to characterize the discourses and questions providing the basis for a given view of the body and sexuality. The study was conducted in the years 1996-1997 and focused on health professionals from the public health system. The results show a concept of sexuality that tends to generalize the meaning ascribed to sexual experience, ignoring the various ways by which different culturally defined groups attribute meaning to the body.

Attitude↗
PubMed2000

Development of a set of near isogenic and backcross recombinant inbred lines containing most of the Lycopersicon hirsutum genome in a L. esculentum genetic background: a tool for gene mapping and gene discovery.

A novel population consisted of a set of 99 near isogenic lines (NILs) and backcross recombinant inbred lines (BCRILs) derived from a cross between the cultivated tomato Lycopersicon esculentum cv. E6206 and L. hirsutum accession LA1777 is presented. Most of the lines contain a single defined introgression from L. hirsutum in the L. esculentum genetic background and together, the lines provide a coverage of more than the 85% of the L. hirsutum genome. These lines represent a new tool to uncover the genetic resources hidden in L. hirsutum as well as to study the genes responsible of its unique biology. Furthermore, the study of the allelic frequency and heterozygosity among BCRILs showed that specific genomic regions were likely subjected to unintentional selection pressures during the stock development. Genes involved in the reproductive behavior and (or) pollen viability are hypothesized to be responsible for these alterations.

Breeding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gynecologic cancers: Part. I--Risk factors.

Gynecologic cancers will account for approximately 81,000 new cases of cancer this year. Although much is known about the risk factors for cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers, less is known about vaginal and vulvar cancer risk factors. Generally, risk factors and associations for gynecologic cancers are behavioral, reproductive, hormonal, and genetic related. Research continues to verify and refute the impact of certain factors. All nurses must be knowledgeable about the risk factors and associations for these cancers.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Teenage abortion and pregnancy statistics by state, 1996.

CONTEXT: State-level teenage pregnancy rates, birthrates and abortion rates are needed for state-specific programs and policies. Accurate and complete state-level data were last published in 1992. METHODS: Teenage abortion rates according to state of residence, race and ethnicity were calculated from the results of The Alan Guttmacher Institute's survey of abortion providers and from information compiled by state health statistics agencies and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Natality data were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics, and population denominators from the Census Bureau. RESULTS: In 1996, some 97 pregnancies, 54 births and 29 abortions occurred per 1,000 U.S. women aged 15-19. At the national level and in virtually all states, these rates have fallen since 1992, yet they remain higher than rates in most other developed countries. The decline in the teenage abortion rate (from 36 per 1,000 in 1992) has been proportionately greater than the drop in the birthrate (from 61 per 1,000), indicating that an increasing proportion of pregnant teenagers are continuing their pregnancies. Pregnancy rates, birthrates and abortion rates vary enormously among the states for reasons that are largely unexplained. Pregnancy rates and birthrates tend to be highest in the South and Southwest, while abortion rates are highest in the most urban states. CONCLUSIONS: Teenage pregnancy is declining in all parts of the country. Although rates have fallen, further progress is possible, as is indicated by the low rates in certain states and in other developed countries. More research is needed to identify the factors influencing the reproductive behavior of adolescents.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2001

[Oncologic diseases in menopause: causes and methods of prevention].

Cancers of the breast, endometrium, ovary cervix and colon clearly have an important impact on women's health worldwide, in terms of their burden on incidence and mortality. Our understanding of causes of these cancers is far from complete. However, the present state of knowledge does give clues to biological mechanisms and for continued research. Presently, some prospects for prevention may be proposed. Changes in life styles regarding physical activity, diet and perhaps reproductive behavior, and also use of safe hormonal treatments, are possibilities for primary prevention. For secondary prevention, methods are available for screening early lesions in the breast, uterine cervix and colon that may enable curative treatment and reduction of mortality. Urgent topics for research include the identification of risk factors early in life and meaningful aspects of diet and life style that can be modified, and finally the investigation of chemical agents to prevent, for instance, breast cancer.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Did abortion legalization reduce the number of unwanted children? Evidence from adoptions.

CONTEXT: The legalization of abortion in the United States led to well-known changes in reproductive behavior, but its effect on adoptions has not been investigated. METHODS: Variation across states in the timing and extent of abortion legalization is used to identify the effects of changes in the legal status of abortion on adoption rates from 1961 to 1975. These effects are estimated in regression analyses that control for states' economic, demographic and political characteristics, as well as for health care availability within states. RESULTS: The rate of adoptions of children born to white women declined by 34-37% in states that repealed restrictive abortion laws before Roe v. Wade. The effect was concentrated among adoptions by petitioners not related to the child. Legal reforms resulting in small increases in access, such as in cases of rape and incest, were associated with a 15-18% decline in adoptions of children born to nonwhite women; however, this decline may have been due to other changes in the policy environment for such adoptions. Rates of adoption of children born to white women appear to have declined after Roe v. Wade, but this association is not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated effect of abortion legalization on adoption rates is sizable and can account for much of the decline in adoptions, particularly of children born to white women, during the early 1970s. These findings support previous studies' conclusions that abortion legalization led to a reduction in the number of "unwanted" children; such a reduction may have improved average infant health and children's living conditions.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1987

[Young girls and contraception. A survey conducted in the MFPF family planning center, Strasbourg, in 1985].

The results of a survey on contraception among 513 adolescent women attending a family planning clinic in Strasbourg, France, in 1985 are presented. "Eighty percent of them were attending school. In over half the cases, this was their first consultation for contraceptive advice. 33% of the subjects did not return after this initial consultation. The age at which sexual intercourse first occurred was between 14 and 17, with a peak at 15-16 years of age. Most of the girls attending this Family Planning Center were told about it by friends or a sister (78%) and they rarely told their parents what they were doing (76%). Most of them (63%) preferred a woman doctor for a contraceptive consultation." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The demographic transition.

Demographic transition is a set of changes in reproductive behavior that are experienced as a society is transformed from a traditional pre-industrial state to a highly developed, modernized structure. The transformation is the substitution of slow growth achieved with low fertility and mortality for slow growth maintained with relatively high fertility and mortality rates. Contrary to early descriptions of the transition, fertility in pre-modern societies was well below the maximum that might be attained. However, it was kept at moderate levels by customs (such as late marriage or prolonged breastfeeding) not related to the number of children already born. Fertility has been reduced during the demographic transition by the adoption of contraception as a deliberate means of avoiding additional births. An extensive study of the transition in Europe shows the absence of a simple link of fertility with education, proportion urban, infant mortality and other aspects of development. It also suggests the importance of such cultural factors as common customs associated with a common language, and the strength of religious traditions. Sufficient modernization nevertheless seems always to bring the transition to low fertility and mortality.

Birth Rate↗