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At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Lack of association of recreational cocaine and alcohol use with left ventricular mass in young adults. The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the associations of left ventricular mass with self-reported cocaine and alcohol use prevalent in the young adult population. BACKGROUND: Increased left ventricular mass has been associated with long-term use of cocaine and alcohol; however, few of the published studies have been population based. METHODS: Data from 3,446 black and white participants (mean age 29.9 years) in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study were used to examine the associations between echocardiographically measured left ventricular mass obtained from 1990 to 1991 and self-reported cocaine and alcohol use. Categories of cocaine use were those who denied ever using cocaine (n = 2,122), experimental users who admitted to cocaine use only 1 to 10 times in their lifetime (n = 755) and recurrent users who admitted to cocaine use > 10 times in their lifetime (n = 568). For alcohol consumption, categories were abstainers who consistently denied any alcohol consumption in the year before each of the three CARDIA examinations (n = 275), occasional users who admitted consuming alcohol less than once a week or not at all during the year before the third examination (n = 1,322), moderate users who consumed 1 to 209 ml of alcohol/week during the year before the third examination (n = 1,524) and heavy users who consumed > or = 210 ml of alcohol/week during the year before the third examination (n = 323). Estimated power to detect a 10% difference in left ventricular mass between groups was > 80%. RESULTS: For white women, left ventricular mass was significantly higher among those who reported 1 to 10 lifetime uses of cocaine than in never-users (128.5 g [SE 2.0] vs. 122.7 g [SE 1.4], p = 0.002). There were no other significant differences in left ventricular mass among categories of cocaine or alcohol use in unadjusted analyses or among analyses controlling for age, body mass index, alcohol or cocaine use, physical activity, cigarette smoking status and systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: At the levels of consumption reported, neither cocaine nor alcohol use was associated with left ventricular mass in this cohort of healthy young adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Recreational gasoline sniffing: acute gasoline intoxication and latent organolead poisoning. Case reports and literature review.

Gasoline is a readily obtainable intoxicant that unfortunately lends itself to habitual abuse by sniffing, a practice found particularly among children and adolescents. The concerted effects of the multiple hydrocarbon and other constituents of gasoline result in a predictable acute toxic syndrome. Organoleads, primarily tetraethyl lead (TEL), cause a separate toxicologic symptom-sign complex that overlaps with the initial acute toxic syndrome. The different clinical symptomatology, effects on hemoglobin synthesis, and response to chelation therapy are all in keeping with the view that organolead poisoning is a separate and distinct toxicologic entity from that of classical elemental lead poisoning or "plumbism".

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Increasing positive social interactions by handicapped individuals during a recreational activity using a multicomponent treatment package.

A multicomponent treatment package increased the rate of positive statements among handicapped youth during a social/leisure activity at a work training setting. The package of role playing, graphic feedback, contingent reinforcement, and self-monitoring was directly replicated across three experiments in producing normative rates of positive verbal statements. There was no evidence of generalization to other stimulus activities. There was limited response generalization to a class of negative verbal statements. The study further examined the critical components of the maintenance package through a withdrawal design. It was found that contingent reinforcement and self-monitoring could maintain substantial rates of positive behaviors. In the third experiment it was further demonstrated that self-monitoring alone could maintain positive statements in three of the four students in the group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Recreating an acceptable angle of the tibial tunnel in the coronal plane in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using external landmarks.

Although it is still unclear what the ideal angle of the tibial tunnel in the coronal plane should be when performing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using the endoscopic single-incision technique, researchers have recently shown that erroneous placement of the tibial tunnel in the coronal plane can lead to graft laxity and loss of extension. We have developed a simple, reproducible technique to provide an acceptable angle of the tibial tunnel in the coronal plane when using the endoscopic single-incision ACL reconstruction technique by using bony landmarks. With the ACL guide parallel to the femur, the external portion of the tibial tunnel guide is rotated so that the guidewire starting point is made at the bisection of a line between the tibial tubercle and the posteromedial border of the tibia. We have confirmed this technique in cadaver studies with angles of the tibial tunnel less than 75 degrees in the coronal plane in all cases. In addition, we have used this technique with good clinical results in over 100 ACL reconstructions.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament↗
PubMed2005

Cell sheet engineering: recreating tissues without biodegradable scaffolds.

While tissue engineering has long been thought to possess enormous potential, conventional applications using biodegradable scaffolds have limited the field's progress, demonstrating a need for new methods. We have previously developed cell sheet engineering using temperature-responsive culture dishes in order to avoid traditional tissue engineering approaches, and their related shortcomings. Using temperature-responsive dishes, cultured cells can be harvested as intact sheets by simple temperature changes, thereby avoiding the use of proteolytic enzymes. Cell sheet engineering therefore allows for tissue regeneration by either direct transplantation of cell sheets to host tissues or the creation of three-dimensional structures via the layering of individual cell sheets. By avoiding the use of any additional materials such as carrier substrates or scaffolds, the complications associated with traditional tissue engineering approaches such as host inflammatory responses to implanted polymer materials, can be avoided. Cell sheet engineering thus presents several significant advantages and can overcome many of the problems that have previously restricted tissue engineering with biodegradable scaffolds.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Plakophilins--hard work in the desmosome, recreation in the nucleus?

The linkage of the different types of cytoskeletal proteins to cell adhesion structures at the cytoplasmic membrane and the connection of these contact sites to corresponding sites of adjacent cells is a prerequisite for integrity and stability of cells and tissues. The structurally most prominent types of such cell-cell adhesion complexes are the desmosomes (maculae adhaerentes), which are found in all epithelia and certain non-epithelial tissues. As an element of the cytoskeleton, intermediate filaments are connected to the adhesive desmosomal transmembrane proteins by the cytoplasmic desmosomal plaque proteins. At least three different types of proteins are found in the desmosomal plaque, one of which is represented by the plakophilins, a recently described sub-family of sequence-related armadillo-repeat proteins. Consisting of three isoforms, plakophilins (plakophilin 1 to 3, PKP 1 to 3) are located in all desmosomes in a differentiation-dependent manner. While PKP 2 and PKP 3 are part of almost all desmosome-bearing cell types (PKP 2 except for differentiated cells of stratified epithelia and PKP 3 for hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes), PKP 1 is restricted to desmosomes of cells of stratified and complex epithelia. Besides the architectural function that plakophilins seem to fulfill in the desmosomes, at least PKP 1 and 2 are also localized in the nucleus independently of any differentiation-related processes and with an up to now enigmatic function in this compartment. In the following article we want to summarize the current knowledge concerning structure, function and regulation of the plakophilins that has been achieved during the last decade.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Recreating an artificial biological pacemaker: insights from a theoretical model.

BACKGROUND: Normal cardiac rhythm is critically dependent on the sinoatrial (SA) node, the natural biological pacemaker. Although recent studies have focused on the development of "artificial" biological pacemakers using gene transfer, less is known about the functional consequences of such interventions. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the electrophysiological consequences of two approaches used to create a biological pacemaker: overexpression of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide gated channel (HCN "pacemaker" channels) and suppression of the inward-rectifier potassium current, I(K1). METHODS: We used a linear multicellular Luo-Rudy (LRd) AP model consisting of 130 ventricular cells connected by resistive gap junctions. To induce automaticity, I(K1) current was reduced or I(f) (HCN) current was introduced in endocardial and midmyocardial (M) cells. RESULTS: Similar to the previously published results for a single LRd model, myocyte I(K1) suppression induced automaticity in the fiber. While introduction of I(f) also resulted in automaticity, the main differences between I(K1) suppression and I(f) expression were (1) a relatively more gradual phase 4 depolarization with HCN expression, (2) stabilization of cycle lengths during I(K1) suppression, but not during HCN expression, and (3) responsiveness to beta-adrenergic stimulation during HCN expression, but not during I(K1) suppression. Upon further investigation, we found that cycle length instability during HCN expression was primarily due to a gradual reduction of intracellular potassium ([K(+)](i)) from its baseline value of 142 mM to 120 mM in 600 beats and subsequent alteration of potassium-dependent ionic currents. A twofold increase in HCN expression also led to a similar behavior. We attribute this decrease in [K(+)](i) to a large I(K1) during phase 4 depolarization. When intracellular [K(+)](i) loss was minimized, cycle lengths stabilized during HCN expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our results help to further understand the electrophysiologic consequences as well as some of the challenges associated with the creation of biological pacemakers using HCN and I(K1) gene transfer strategies.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2006

Outcome effectiveness of therapeutic recreation camping program for adolescents living with cancer and diabetes.

Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Global Perceived Self-efficacy Scale, and Trait Form of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered precamp, postcamp, and at 2 months follow-up to 97 adolescents. Within-subjects repeated measures analyses of variance were performed. Significant positive changes were observed regarding self-esteem and self-efficacy. Trait anxiety changes proved to be mixed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Fetal heart rate response to sustained recreational exercise.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to test the hypotheses that fetal heart rate increases during and after sustained exercise and that the magnitude of the increases is related to gestational age and the duration, intensity, and type of exercise. STUDY DESIGN: Maternal oxygen uptake and fetal heart rate were monitored in 120 regularly exercising women in association with routine 20-minute workouts between 16 and 39 weeks' gestation. RESULTS: In 97% of the studies fetal heart rate increased during and after exercise. This was significant at all gestational ages and with all forms of exercise with an overall increase of 15 +/- 11 beats.min-1 at 60% +/- 12% of maximal aerobic capacity (mean +/- SD). The magnitude increased with gestational age (10 +/- 8 to 20 +/- 11 beats.min-1), exercise intensity (8 +/- 7 to 21 +/- 13 beats.min-1), and exercise duration (8 +/- 4 to 16 +/- 7 beats.min-1). CONCLUSION: We concluded that the hypothesis is correct and speculate that these changes represent a maturing fetal response to a reduction in Po2.

Bicycling↗
PubMed2002

Neuroendocrine abnormalities in recreational ecstasy (MDMA) users: is it ecstasy or cannabis?

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate neuroendocrine function in ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine = MDMA) users and controls. METHODS: Prolactin response to d-fenfluramine was assessed in abstinent ecstasy users with concomitant use of cannabis only (n = 24, male/female 13/11) and in two control groups: healthy nonusers (n = 13, female) and exclusive cannabis users (n = 7, male). RESULTS: Prolactin response to d-fenfluramine was slightly blunted in female ecstasy users. Both male user samples exhibited a weak prolactin response to d-fenfluramine, but this was weaker in the group of cannabis users. Baseline prolactin and prolactin response to d-fenfluramine were associated with the extent of previous cannabis use. CONCLUSIONS: Endocrinological abnormalities of ecstasy users may be closely related to their coincident cannabis use. Cannabis use may be an important confound in endocrinological studies of ecstasy users and should be looked for more systematically in future studies.

Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors↗