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At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Using the ACNP Proficiency Testing Program to develop critical thinking. American College of Nuclear Physicians.

UNLABELLED: Critical thinking is cited as one of the essential skills for clinical practice. Educators need to be aware of barriers that may hinder the development of this skill in students and cultivate strategies to encourage it. This article describes one strategy to develop critical thinking. METHODS: Students participated in a critical thinking exercise by imaging the American College of Nuclear Physicians (ACNP) Renal Imaging Proficiency Test Phantom, critiquing their results, and comparing their results to results collected nationally in other nuclear medicine facilities and the true values reported by the ACNP. Students were instructed to review pertinent imaging principles before discussing the imaging results. They also were supplied with a list of questions pertinent to the review. RESULTS: Students experienced the complexity of designing a SPECT imaging protocol and how the final results are affected by the choices made by the technologist. They learned the importance of and method for proper matrix selection, determination of pixel size and the necessity for quality control. CONCLUSION: The imaging exercise was a successful means of helping students connect clinical practice with theory through the use of critical thinking.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changing Faces: Taking up Macgregor's challenge.

I had the good fortune to initially present the thoughts written here at the Psychosocial Interest Group of the American Burn Association Annual Meeting in New York City in 1997. The paper begins with a personal introduction and proceeds to describe how Frances Cooke Macgregor's work inspired my colleagues and myself to develop a series of programs to address the rehabilitation challenges inherent in living with any kind of facial disfigurement. It is our sincere hope that the programs developed by our organization, Changing Faces (based in the United Kingdom) will contribute to the rehabilitation of people living with disfigurement throughout the world. We especially look forward to learning how what we have learned can be adapted to and disseminated in the United States as we establish collaborative relationships with the dedicated group of burn professionals there.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

Overview of the Office of Research, Statistics, and International Policy functions.

Research and statistics have been an integral part of social security program development and administration since the program's beginning. The Office of Research, Statistics, and International Policy (ORSIP) is responsible for developing and disseminating information on the effects of programs operated by the Social Security Administration (SSA) and the interactions among these programs, other tax and transfer programs, and economic, social, and demographic forces. This mission is carried out by collecting and tabulating statistics and by conducting policy research and legislative impact analyses. ORSIP also provides technical assistance to other SSA components. In this overview, each of those functions is outlined and major initiatives to carry out the office's primary objectives for fiscal year 1986 are described.

Social Security↗
PubMed2003

National workshop on core competencies for success in the veterinary profession.

A workshop was designed to (1) present results of the Core Competencies for Veterinary Medicine project conducted by Personnel Decisions International (PDI); (2) discuss and analyze the implications of the PDI study results for academia, private practice, and industry; (3) identify actionable items-discuss opportunities and barriers; and (4) develop appropriate recommendations-devise specific actions for implementation as next steps. In total, 25 veterinary colleges were represented at the workshop and a total of 110 attendees participated, a broad cross-section of the veterinary profession (both academic and non-academic). Through an orchestrated combination of general sessions and facilitated, small group discussions, prioritized recommendations for implementation and initial action plans for next steps were developed. Recommendations included publicizing results of the PDI study, reconsidering current admissions policies and processes, evaluating the applicant pool and current recruitment programs, developing structured mentoring programs, enhancing DVM/VMD training programs, coordinating the development of continuing education programs, and overcoming existing barriers to change. Next steps should involve collaborative efforts across all sectors of the veterinary profession to develop plans for implementing the workshop's recommendations. Leadership for follow-up might reasonably come from the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC), the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), and the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA), either individually or collectively, through the National Commission on Veterinary Economic Issues (NCVEI). Partnerships with industry are also possible and should be strongly considered.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Sun Protection is Fun! A skin cancer prevention program for preschools.

Children and their caregivers are prime candidates for intervention to curb the rising incidence of skin cancer in the United States. Preschools provide a unique opportunity to influence the sun protection practices of parents and teachers on behalf of young children. Sun Protection is Fun!, a comprehensive skin cancer prevention program developed by The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in collaboration with The University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center School of Public Health, was introduced to preschools in the greater Houston area. The program's intervention methods are grounded in Social Cognitive Theory and emphasize symbolic modeling, vicarious learning, enactive mastery experiences, and persuasion. Program components include a curriculum and teacher's guide, videos, newsletters, handbooks, staff development, group meetings designed to encourage schoolwide changes to support the program, and sunscreen. The intervention map, including objectives for program development, implementation, and evaluation, is discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1996

Clinical skill development for community pharmacists.

The importance of establishing clinical pharmacy services in the community cannot be understated in light of current challenges to the traditional dispensing role as the primary service of the community pharmacist. Advancements in automated dispensing technology and declining prescription fee reimbursement are rapidly forcing pharmacists to seek alternative sources of revenue. Providing pharmaceutical care is a viable option to increase customer loyalty job satisfaction, and reimbursement. To support the development of clinical services, academic institutions are forming partnerships with individual community practitioners to overcome perceived educational and training barriers. The authors describe the design and development of two unique clinical skill development programs at the University of Illinois at Chicago. This paper also outlines the patient focused services that the participants have established upon completing the training. These programs successfully enhanced participants' therapeutic knowledge base and facilitated development of the clinical skills necessary for direct patient care.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1994

The Italian fight against world hunger. A critical analysis of Italian aid for development in the 1980s.

During the 1980s, Italy expanded its development assistance, soon becoming the fifth largest donor. Italian development cooperation directed much effort to alleviate hunger, malnutrition and their health consequences. This paper provides an evaluation of Italy's fight against world hunger considering the political environment in which the policy was conceived and implemented, the organizational structure behind the policy, and the available quantitative indicators of outcome. The analysis shows how powerful humanitarian drives, supported by inchoate thinking about development problems and priorities, and by institutional and technical confusion, gave rise to development programs below accepted standards. Poor financial planning and the absence of proper mechanisms for project appraisal facilitated the capture of some programs by domestic political and commercial interests. In 1992, Italian magistrates began investigations into the extent of corruption in development assistance; preliminary reports documented widespread waste and ineffectiveness in major aid projects. Substantial changes in organization and priorities are needed in order to control past practices of corruption, improve the effectiveness of projects, and redirect Italian aid towards development goals.

Efficiency, Organizational↗
PubMed2001

Slip! Slop! Slap! and SunSmart, 1980-2000: Skin cancer control and 20 years of population-based campaigning.

The Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria has been running sun protection programs for more than 20 years: Slip! Slop! Slap! from 1980 to 1988 and SunSmart from 1988 to the present. The Victorian Health Promotion Foundation has provided funding for the SunSmart program for the past 13 years. These programs have played an important role in changing the whole society's approach to the sun and have resulted in marked reductions in sun exposure. This article describes the social, political, economic, and organizational context within which these programs developed. Then 10 areas are discussed that illustrate a critical aspect of the development and implementation of this successful systemwide health promotion program. These areas focus on key aspects of the context within which the program operates and on issues that derive from the experience of implementing program strategies. In summary, the success of the two programs is described as having been built on two key foundations: the vital integration of research and evaluation, on one hand, and a strong basis of consistency and continuity, on the other.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Employee involvement program changes and the total quality process: the University of Michigan Medical Center experience.

Employee involvement has increasingly been recognized as important for improving both quality and cost effectiveness. Given the especially crucial role played by employees in the health-care field, and the relatively high level of education and sophistication that characterizes this group, it is also recognized that initiating and sustaining meaningful employee involvement programs in a health-care setting represent unique challenges and opportunities. This article presents the operational evolution of a successful employee involvement program in a large, diversified academic medical center. The developed program includes quality-improving and revenue-enhancing suggestions as well as cost-containment ideas. Specific operational issues and program changes are examined within the context of the total quality process at the University of Michigan Medical Center. Finally, this article identifies three main types of incentives that can maximize the results obtained by employee involvement programs in health-care settings.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2004

Expanded school mental health: exploring program details and developing the research base.

Expanded school mental health (ESMH) programs, the focus of this special issue, provide comprehensive mental health care to youth in general and special education through partnerships between schools and community mental health agencies and programs. As these programs progressively develop in the United States, there is a critical need to build the research and evidence base for them. This article presents background to the national movement toward ESMH and provides an overview of articles contained in this special issue, which provide in-depth details and early research findings on diverse aspects of mental health programs in schools. Advantages of greater involvement of behavioral professionals in ESMH are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Health professions students as research partners in community oriented primary care.

This paper describes the process of involving health professions students in research in rural primary care and how their research has contributed to the development and expansion of a rural community health center. Since 1978 over 400 students have completed rotations at the center, and more than 200 have been health profession students, including medical, nursing, physician assistant, pharmacy, and health administration students. A total of 96 research projects were completed. These projects lie in two main areas: medical services and community outreach. Those related to medical services include measures of access to care, quality of care audits, clinical guideline development, practice patterns, prevalence studies, and qualitative research. Projects focusing on community outreach include community surveys, screening follow-ups, program evaluation, and program development. Principles that guide the selection and conduct of research projects include: Projects should be directly related to important work of the practice and reflect an interest of the student; projects are structured to include some or all of the following: literature search, data analysis, a visual display of quantitative information (table or graph), and application of relevant statistical tools; the student has a project supervisor; the student is a participant rather than an independent investigator; and a research flow sheet is used to orient students and NRHA staff to the larger research effort. Students are expected to present results, conclusions and recommendations to an appropriate group. Student research has made a significant contribution to both practice activities and practice policies.

Community Health Centers↗
PubMed1991

Determining cancer-patient-management educational needs.

The authors have proposed a model for curriculum planning and continuing medical education (CME) program development (JCE 4:255-259, 1989.) This paper reports the results of an application of this model. The knowledge examination administered was developed by specialists and family practice physicians, covering four cancer sites and eight cancer-patient management stages. The purpose of this application was to evaluate the model regarding its effectiveness in terms of whether specific core competencies could be identified as the basis for curriculum planning and/or CME program-planning use. It was assumed that data from this assessment could be extrapolated from the residency context to the development of CME programs. A total of 200 respondent reports (interns, residents, faculty) from 15 institutions (medical schools or hospitals) were analyzed. In general, more education improves test scores; faculty (6.5% of the respondents) averaged about 66% correct answers. The highest percentage of correct responses was associated with the site Breast (60%) and the stage Shared Care (70%). The lowest percentage of correct values was associated with the site Colorectal (45%) and the stage Treatment (44%). The pair Colorectal/Treatment produced the lowest percentage of correct answers observed (27%). The proactive model applied in this study was successful regarding determination of core-competency deficiencies. Participant responses were useful for identifying cancer-patient-management core-competency deficiencies, knowledge gaps that could be used for both curriculum planning and CME program development. Residency directors from participating institutions have reported using this information to modify the educational experience of individual residents as well as to modify their cancer program curriculum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Curriculum↗
PubMed2004

Two-year evaluation of the logic model for developing a psycho-oncology service.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test whether reorganizing a psycho-oncology service in a planned and focused manner would maximize the achievement of coherent developmental goals. METHODS: The logic model, a strategic program development tool, was used in the context of a public psychiatry fellowship to analyze and plan the organizational objectives of a psycho-oncology service. To assess the efficacy of the logic model, a two-year prospective evaluation of the model's outcome measures was performed. RESULTS: The psycho-oncology service was systematically reorganized through use of the logic model. Qualitative and quantitative data identified the degree of goal achievement. Most of the short- and medium-term clinical, educational, and research goals, as measured by outcome measures, had been realized at the two-year point. CONCLUSIONS: The logic model facilitated the effective reorganization of a psycho-oncology program by analyzing the existing service, developing pertinent goals, and then measuring goal attainment. These findings will be useful to psychiatric services interested in rational program development and service delivery, especially in small and medium hospitals with limited resources.

Achievement↗
PubMed1994

PTCA: the role of the angioplasty program nurse.

Developing a program to provide continuity of care for patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) for coronary artery disease was the major task of the Angioplasty Program Nurse at the Sunnybrook Health Science Centre. To assist the patient and their family throughout the course of treatment and to offer strategies and resources for risk factor reduction required development of a patient assessment tool with clearly defined goals and objectives for documentation. Helping patients set realistic expectations in terms of procedural outcome and lifestyle modification is an important part of patient education and health promotion. Short hospital stays require good planning and comprehensive educational strategies in order to meet patient teaching outcomes. Evaluation is an important component of any program and having well defined goals and objectives with measurable outcomes aids the process.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗