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At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Injuries to international petroleum drilling workers, 1988 to 1990.

Nonfatal work-related injury (NFI) rates are 49% higher among oil and gas field workers than among workers in all US industries combined, and these injuries are more severe (the rate of lost workdays in the oil and gas field services industry is 2.8 times that of all US industries combined). We analyzed the 1988 to 1990 incident reports submitted by drilling companies to the International Association of Drilling Contractors, an industry-wide international trade association representing 95% of the world's oil and gas drilling companies. We determined geographic and occupation-specific incidence rates by full-time equivalents, calculated per job category and year. Of the 5,251 reports, 5,218 (99.4%) were of NFI and 33 (0.6%) of fatal work-related injuries (FI). The overall NFI rate was 1.2/100 full-time equivalents and the overall FI rate was 7.5/100,000 full-time equivalents. Reported NFI in US territory was 4 times more common than in non-US territory. Reported FI in US and non-US waters were 4 and 5 times more common than on land, respectively. Three job categories--floormen, roustabouts, and derrickmen--accounted for 74% of the NFI and 64% of FI, with a rate ratio, compared with rates for all other occupations, of 10.5, 8.5, and 7.0 for NFI and 5.0, 9.4, and 4.0 for FI. Among all occupations, the body part most frequently injured was the upper extremity (1,631/5,218 [31%]). The four key NFI types and circumstances identified included the upper extremities "caught in" (857/5,218 [16%]),the back "strained" (592/5,218[11%]), the lower extremities "struck by" (538/5,218 [10%]), and the lower extremities injured while "slipping" (402/5,218 [8%]). Results of these analyses revealed several high-risk occupations in this industry and identified high-risk activities that can be targeted for further study.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of microorganisms in the oxidation of petroleum in the Yarega deposit].

16.57% of oil was oxidized by microorganisms in aerobic conditions in the Yarega deposit. As a result, the specific weight of oil increased and the content of methane hydrocarbons decreased twice. Chemical oxidation of mono-, bicyclic aromatic and mononaphthene hydrocarbons was also found in the control experiment without microorganisms.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1976

[Residues of perchlorethylene and petroleum in rendered fats and in feeding meals].

Methods were developed for the demonstration and determination of perchlorethylene and petrol in rendered fats and meals for feeding purposes. The methods are based on the collection and the vapours of extracting media over samples of rendering-plant products and on their identification and determination by gas chromatography. Under the conditions of the method, the limit of perchlorethylene extractibility is 0.05% and the limit of petrol extractibility is 0.01% (weight). Under adapted conditions the two limits can be reduced. The reproducibility of the results at practically occuring concentrations of residues in products is characterized by the value of the variation coefficient which reaches 2.79 in perchlorethylene and 6.05 in petrol. The maximum duration of the analysis of one sample is five minutes. In all media have been demonstrated to be present. Their content was high and considerably variable in the fats from rendering plants; in meat-bone meals from petrol extraction the content of residues reached only trace values. It is recommended to use the presented analytic methods for thorough and regular objective control of the residues of extracting media in the products of rendering plants for feeding purposes.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1997

[The mortality from malignant neoplasms in the population of a large industrial city with petroleum-refining and petrochemical enterprises].

Air pollution with toxic chemical near oil-processing and petrochemical enterprises is significantly higher than in administrative district of the city. The studies proved that level and share of mortality with malignancies of trachea, bronchi and lungs is higher in industrial district, than that in the administrative one. The standardized parameters of mortality among females were increased in the industrial district, especially in 70s and 80s, i.e. in 10-20 years after launching the plants. The industrial district was characterized by higher mortality at young age. The mortality with the studied cancers at age of 20-29 and 30-39 prevailed in the industrial district.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1997

[Antioxidant protection and endocrine gland function in children in a petroleum industrial center].

The article presents data on influence of technogenic environmental pollution and parents' occupational hazards on sex-matched physical development of preschoolers, their endocrine balance and antioxidant system. The identified features of physical development, endocrine state and antioxidant system prove higher sensitivity of girls to chemical hazards. Significance of the studied parameters necessitate their use in biologic and ecologic monitoring.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Environmental impact on the formation of the public opinion among the urban population with developed oil refining industry, chemical petroleum industry and chemical industry].

The research proved oil-processing, petrochemical and chemical enterprises to be potent releasers of chemical hazards containing in industrial waste. The petrochemical and oil enterprises pollute environment and deteriorate sanitary conditions in populated area. The residents evaluate actual ecologic danger adequately. Sociologic analysis of how city dwellers assess quality of their environment and health is quate objective indicator of urban ecology and could be assigned to priority methods of ecologic and hygienic studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A comparative assessment of liver function in workers in the petroleum industry.

OBJECTIVES: The group studied included 666 workers from the benzene (n = 30), xylenes (n = 144), ethylene oxide (n = 91), 1,3-butadiene (n = 110) and transport and mechanisation (n = 82) departments of a petrochemical plant in Bulgaria. The leading hazards for the particular departments are as follows: Benzene: benzene (up to ten times the threshold limit value; TLV): xylenes: benzene (up to nine times TLV) and xylenes (up to 1.6 times TLV); ethylene oxide: ethylene oxide (up to 20 times TLV) and ethylene (up to 30 times TLV); divinyl: 1,3-butadiene (five times TLV) and acetonitrile (six times TLV); transport and mechanisation: benzene, xylenes and pentane (0.7-10 times TLV). METHODS: The functional status of the liver was assessed by clinical (medical check-up), echographic and biochemical (ASAT, ALAT, APh, gamma-GT, lipid fractions, reduced glutathione and SH groups) investigations. Biochemical analyses were performed with POINTE 190 (USA). The results obtained were compared with those of a control group (n = 150), consisting of subjects with no occupational exposure to chemical hazards. RESULTS: Comparisons showed that the metabolic disturbances determined were most significant in workers from the ethylene oxide department. Significant decreases in the serum levels of reduced glutathione (up to 48%) and of thiol groups (with 23%), increased enyzme activity (up to 18%) and lipid fractions (up to 24%) were observed. In the benzene and xylenes departments, deviations in the indices studied were equally manifest. In workers exposed to 1,3-butadiene, the changes in lipid indices were prevalent (registered in 25% of the studied persons). The staff in transport and mechanisation showed deviations in enzyme indices at a slight increase of the lipid fractions. The changes determined in serum biochemical characteristics corresponded to the clinical findings--hepatomegaly, confirmed echographically in 10%-20% in the different departments. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained followed the exposure-response relationship. The deviations registered in workers with a length of service of more than 10 years were the most significant. The occupational genesis of the determined disturbances was confirmed in 11 subjects.

Adult↗